Global Terminal Covers Sales Market Report 2016

September 2016 | 128 pages | ID: GD2EBF1B7B7EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

Notes:

Sales, means the sales volume of Terminal Covers

Revenue, means the sales value of Terminal Covers

This report studies sales (consumption) of Terminal Covers in Global market, especially in USA, China, Europe, Japan, Korea and Taiwan, focuses on top players in these regions/countries, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each player in these regions, covering

• Phoenix Contact
• ABB
• RS Pro
• Altech Crop
• IDEC Corporation
• Schurter
• Honeywell
• Schneider Electric
• 3M
• American Electrical, Inc.
• Deltrol Controls
• Hammond Power Solutions
• Hoffman
• Hubbell Wiring Device-Kellems
• Marathon Special Products
• Mean Well USA
• Molex Incorporated
• Nichicon
• NTE Electronics, Inc.

Market Segment by Regions, this report splits Global into several key Regions, with sales (consumption), revenue, market share and growth rate of Terminal Covers in these regions, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like

• USA
• China
• Europe
• Japan
• Korea
• Taiwan

Split by product Types, with sales, revenue, price and gross margin, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into

• Type I
• Type II
• Type III

Split by applications, this report focuses on sales, market share and growth rate of Terminal Covers in each application, can be divided into

• Application 1
• Application 2
• Application 3

Contents

Global Terminal Covers Sales Market Report 2016

1 TERMINAL COVERS OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Terminal Covers
1.2 Classification of Terminal Covers
  1.2.1 Type I
  1.2.2 Type II
  1.2.3 Type III
1.3 Application of Terminal Covers
  1.3.1 Application
  1.3.2 Application
  1.3.3 Application
1.4 Terminal Covers Market by Regions
  1.4.1 USA Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.2 China Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.3 Europe Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.4 Japan Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.5 Korea Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.6 Taiwan Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.5 Global Market Size (Value and Volume) of Terminal Covers (2011-2021)
  1.5.1 Global Terminal Covers Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
  1.5.2 Global Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

2 GLOBAL TERMINAL COVERS COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION

2.1 Global Terminal Covers Market Competition by Manufacturers
  2.1.1 Global Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2011-2016)
  2.1.2 Global Terminal Covers Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
2.2 Global Terminal Covers (Volume and Value) by Type
  2.2.1 Global Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
  2.2.2 Global Terminal Covers Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
2.3 Global Terminal Covers (Volume and Value) by Regions
  2.3.1 Global Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
  2.3.2 Global Terminal Covers Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
2.4 Global Terminal Covers (Volume) by Application

3 USA TERMINAL COVERS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

3.1 USA Terminal Covers Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  3.1.1 USA Terminal Covers Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  3.1.2 USA Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  3.1.3 USA Terminal Covers Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
3.2 USA Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
3.3 USA Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Type
3.4 USA Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Application

4 CHINA TERMINAL COVERS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

4.1 China Terminal Covers Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  4.1.1 China Terminal Covers Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  4.1.2 China Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  4.1.3 China Terminal Covers Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
4.2 China Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
4.3 China Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Type
4.4 China Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Application

5 EUROPE TERMINAL COVERS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

5.1 Europe Terminal Covers Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  5.1.1 Europe Terminal Covers Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  5.1.2 Europe Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  5.1.3 Europe Terminal Covers Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
5.2 Europe Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
5.3 Europe Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Type
5.4 Europe Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Application

6 JAPAN TERMINAL COVERS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

6.1 Japan Terminal Covers Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  6.1.1 Japan Terminal Covers Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  6.1.2 Japan Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  6.1.3 Japan Terminal Covers Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
6.2 Japan Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Japan Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Japan Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Application

7 KOREA TERMINAL COVERS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

7.1 Korea Terminal Covers Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  7.1.1 Korea Terminal Covers Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  7.1.2 Korea Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  7.1.3 Korea Terminal Covers Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
7.2 Korea Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 Korea Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 Korea Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Application

8 TAIWAN TERMINAL COVERS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

8.1 Taiwan Terminal Covers Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  8.1.1 Taiwan Terminal Covers Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  8.1.2 Taiwan Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  8.1.3 Taiwan Terminal Covers Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
8.2 Taiwan Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 Taiwan Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 Taiwan Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Application

9 GLOBAL TERMINAL COVERS MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS

9.1 Phoenix Contact
  9.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.1.2 Terminal Covers Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.1.2.1 Type I
    9.1.2.2 Type II
  9.1.3 Phoenix Contact Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.2 ABB
  9.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.2.2 128 Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.2.2.1 Type I
    9.2.2.2 Type II
  9.2.3 ABB Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.3 RS Pro
  9.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.3.2 146 Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.3.2.1 Type I
    9.3.2.2 Type II
  9.3.3 RS Pro Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.4 Altech Crop
  9.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.4.2 Aug Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.4.2.1 Type I
    9.4.2.2 Type II
  9.4.3 Altech Crop Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.5 IDEC Corporation
  9.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.5.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.5.2.1 Type I
    9.5.2.2 Type II
  9.5.3 IDEC Corporation Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.6 Schurter
  9.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.6.2 Million USD Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.6.2.1 Type I
    9.6.2.2 Type II
  9.6.3 Schurter Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.7 Honeywell
  9.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.7.2 Electronics Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.7.2.1 Type I
    9.7.2.2 Type II
  9.7.3 Honeywell Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.8 Schneider Electric
  9.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.8.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.8.2.1 Type I
    9.8.2.2 Type II
  9.8.3 Schneider Electric Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.9 3M
  9.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.9.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.9.2.1 Type I
    9.9.2.2 Type II
  9.9.3 3M Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.10 American Electrical, Inc.
  9.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.10.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.10.2.1 Type I
    9.10.2.2 Type II
  9.10.3 American Electrical, Inc. Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.11 Deltrol Controls
9.12 Hammond Power Solutions
9.13 Hoffman
9.14 Hubbell Wiring Device-Kellems
9.15 Marathon Special Products
9.16 Mean Well USA
9.17 Molex Incorporated
9.18 Nichicon
9.19 NTE Electronics, Inc.

10 TERMINAL COVERS MAUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

10.1 Terminal Covers Key Raw Materials Analysis
  10.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  10.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  10.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  10.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
10.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  10.2.1 Raw Materials
  10.2.2 Labor Cost
  10.2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Terminal Covers

11 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

11.1 Terminal Covers Industrial Chain Analysis
11.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
11.3 Raw Materials Sources of Terminal Covers Major Manufacturers in 2015
11.4 Downstream Buyers

12 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

12.1 Marketing Channel
  12.1.1 Direct Marketing
  12.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  12.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
12.2 Market Positioning
  12.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  12.2.2 Brand Strategy
  12.2.3 Target Client
12.3 Distributors/Traders List

13 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

13.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  13.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  13.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
13.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
13.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

14 GLOBAL TERMINAL COVERS MARKET FORECAST (2016-2021)

14.1 Global Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue Forecast (2016-2021)
14.2 Global Terminal Covers Sales Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
14.3 Global Terminal Covers Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
14.4 Global Terminal Covers Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)

15 APPENDIX

Author List
Disclosure Section
Research Methodology
Data Source
China Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Terminal Covers
Table Classification of Terminal Covers
Figure Global Sales Market Share of Terminal Covers by Type in 2015
Figure Type I Picture
Figure Type II Picture
Table Applications of Terminal Covers
Figure Global Sales Market Share of Terminal Covers by Application in 2015
Figure Application 1 Examples
Figure Application 2 Examples
Figure USA Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure China Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Japan Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Korea Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Taiwan Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Global Terminal Covers Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Global Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Global Terminal Covers Sales of Key Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Global Terminal Covers Sales Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Terminal Covers Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Terminal Covers Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Terminal Covers Revenue by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Global Terminal Covers Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table 2015 Global Terminal Covers Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Global Terminal Covers Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Terminal Covers Sales Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Terminal Covers by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Global Terminal Covers Sales Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Terminal Covers Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Terminal Covers Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Terminal Covers by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Global Terminal Covers Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Terminal Covers Sales Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Terminal Covers by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Terminal Covers Sales Growth Rate by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Terminal Covers Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Terminal Covers Revenue Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Terminal Covers by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Terminal Covers Revenue Growth Rate by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Terminal Covers Sales and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Table Global Terminal Covers Sales Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Terminal Covers by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Global Terminal Covers Sales Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
Figure USA Terminal Covers Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure USA Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure USA Terminal Covers Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table USA Terminal Covers Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table USA Terminal Covers Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table USA Terminal Covers Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table USA Terminal Covers Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table USA Terminal Covers Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table USA Terminal Covers Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure China Terminal Covers Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure China Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure China Terminal Covers Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table China Terminal Covers Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table China Terminal Covers Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table China Terminal Covers Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table China Terminal Covers Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table China Terminal Covers Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table China Terminal Covers Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Terminal Covers Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Terminal Covers Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Europe Terminal Covers Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Europe Terminal Covers Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Europe Terminal Covers Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Terminal Covers Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Terminal Covers Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table Europe Terminal Covers Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Japan Terminal Covers Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Japan Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Japan Terminal Covers Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Japan Terminal Covers Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Japan Terminal Covers Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Japan Terminal Covers Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table Japan Terminal Covers Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Japan Terminal Covers Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table Japan Terminal Covers Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Korea Terminal Covers Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Korea Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Korea Terminal Covers Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Korea Terminal Covers Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Korea Terminal Covers Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Korea Terminal Covers Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table Korea Terminal Covers Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Korea Terminal Covers Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table Korea Terminal Covers Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Taiwan Terminal Covers Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Taiwan Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Taiwan Terminal Covers Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Taiwan Terminal Covers Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Taiwan Terminal Covers Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Taiwan Terminal Covers Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table Taiwan Terminal Covers Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Taiwan Terminal Covers Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table Taiwan Terminal Covers Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Table Phoenix Contact Basic Information List
Table Phoenix Contact Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Phoenix Contact Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table ABB Basic Information List
Table ABB Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure ABB Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table RS Pro Basic Information List
Table RS Pro Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure RS Pro Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Altech Crop Basic Information List
Table Altech Crop Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Altech Crop Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table IDEC Corporation Basic Information List
Table IDEC Corporation Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure IDEC Corporation Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Schurter Basic Information List
Table Schurter Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Schurter Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Honeywell Basic Information List
Table Honeywell Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Honeywell Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Schneider Electric Basic Information List
Table Schneider Electric Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Schneider Electric Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table 3M Basic Information List
Table 3M Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure 3M Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table American Electrical, Inc. Basic Information List
Table American Electrical, Inc. Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure American Electrical, Inc. Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Deltrol Controls Basic Information List
Table Deltrol Controls Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Deltrol Controls Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Hammond Power Solutions Basic Information List
Table Hammond Power Solutions Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Hammond Power Solutions Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Hoffman Basic Information List
Table Hoffman Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Hoffman Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Hubbell Wiring Device-Kellems Basic Information List
Table Hubbell Wiring Device-Kellems Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Hubbell Wiring Device-Kellems Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Marathon Special Products Basic Information List
Table Marathon Special Products Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Marathon Special Products Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Mean Well USA Basic Information List
Table Mean Well USA Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Mean Well USA Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Molex Incorporated Basic Information List
Table Molex Incorporated Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Molex Incorporated Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Nichicon Basic Information List
Table Nichicon Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Nichicon Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table NTE Electronics, Inc. Basic Information List
Table NTE Electronics, Inc. Terminal Covers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure NTE Electronics, Inc. Terminal Covers Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Terminal Covers
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Terminal Covers
Figure Terminal Covers Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Terminal Covers Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Terminal Covers
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Global Terminal Covers Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Global Terminal Covers Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Table Global Terminal Covers Sales Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
Table Global Terminal Covers Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Terminal Covers Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)