Global Smart Card in Telecom Market Report 2019
With the slowdown in world economic growth, the Smart Card in Telecom industry has also suffered a certain impact, but still maintained a relatively optimistic growth, the past four years, Smart Card in Telecom market size to maintain the average annual growth rate of % from XXXX million $ in 2015 to XXXX million $ in 2018, BisReport analysts believe that in the next few years, Smart Card in Telecom market size will be further expanded, we expect that by 2023, The market size of the Smart Card in Telecom will reach XXXX million $.
This Report covers the Major Players’ data, including: shipment, revenue, gross profit, interview record, business distribution etc., these data help the consumer know about the competitors better. This report also covers all the regions and countries of the world, which shows a regional development status, including market size.
Besides, the report also covers segment data, including: type segment, industry segment etc. cover different segment market size. Also cover different industries clients’ information, which is very important for the Major Players. If you need more information, please contact BisReport
Section 1: Free - Definition
Section (2 3): 1200 USD - Major Player Detail
Gemalto
Giesecke & Devrient
Oberthur Technologies
Morpho (Safran)
VALID
Eastcompeace
Wuhan Tianyu
Datang
Kona I
CPI Card Group
Watchdata Systems Co. Ltd
Hengbao
Section 4: 900 USD - Region Segmentation
North America Country (United States, Canada)
South America
Asia Country (China, Japan, India, Korea)
Europe Country (Germany, UK, France, Italy)
Other Country (Middle East, Africa, GCC)
Section (5 6): 500 USD -
—Product Type Segmentation
Contact Cards
Contactless Cards
—Industry Segmentation
Communication Application
Non-communication Application
Section 7: 400 USD - Trend (2019-2023)
Section 8: 300 USD - Type Detail
Section 9: 700 USD - Downstream Consumer
Section 10: 200 USD - Cost Structure
Section 11: 500 USD - Conclusion
This Report covers the Major Players’ data, including: shipment, revenue, gross profit, interview record, business distribution etc., these data help the consumer know about the competitors better. This report also covers all the regions and countries of the world, which shows a regional development status, including market size.
Besides, the report also covers segment data, including: type segment, industry segment etc. cover different segment market size. Also cover different industries clients’ information, which is very important for the Major Players. If you need more information, please contact BisReport
Section 1: Free - Definition
Section (2 3): 1200 USD - Major Player Detail
Gemalto
Giesecke & Devrient
Oberthur Technologies
Morpho (Safran)
VALID
Eastcompeace
Wuhan Tianyu
Datang
Kona I
CPI Card Group
Watchdata Systems Co. Ltd
Hengbao
Section 4: 900 USD - Region Segmentation
North America Country (United States, Canada)
South America
Asia Country (China, Japan, India, Korea)
Europe Country (Germany, UK, France, Italy)
Other Country (Middle East, Africa, GCC)
Section (5 6): 500 USD -
—Product Type Segmentation
Contact Cards
Contactless Cards
—Industry Segmentation
Communication Application
Non-communication Application
Section 7: 400 USD - Trend (2019-2023)
Section 8: 300 USD - Type Detail
Section 9: 700 USD - Downstream Consumer
Section 10: 200 USD - Cost Structure
Section 11: 500 USD - Conclusion
SECTION 1 SMART CARD IN TELECOM DEFINITION
SECTION 2 GLOBAL SMART CARD IN TELECOM MARKET MAJOR PLAYER SHARE AND MARKET OVERVIEW
2.1 Global Major Player Smart Card in Telecom Business Revenue
2.2 Global Smart Card in Telecom Market Overview
SECTION 3 MAJOR PLAYER SMART CARD IN TELECOM BUSINESS INTRODUCTION
3.1 Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Business Introduction
3.1.1 Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Revenue, Growth Rate and Gross profit 2015-2018
3.1.2 Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Business Distribution by Region
3.1.3 Gemalto Interview Record
3.1.4 Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Business Profile
3.1.5 Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Specification
3.2 Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Business Introduction
3.2.1 Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Revenue, Growth Rate and Gross profit 2015-2018
3.2.2 Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Business Distribution by Region
3.2.3 Interview Record
3.2.4 Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Business Overview
3.2.5 Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Specification
3.3 Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Business Introduction
3.3.1 Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Revenue, Growth Rate and Gross profit 2015-2018
3.3.2 Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Business Distribution by Region
3.3.3 Interview Record
3.3.4 Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Business Overview
3.3.5 Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Specification
3.4 Morpho (Safran) Smart Card in Telecom Business Introduction
3.5 VALID Smart Card in Telecom Business Introduction
3.6 Eastcompeace Smart Card in Telecom Business Introduction
SECTION 4 GLOBAL SMART CARD IN TELECOM MARKET SEGMENTATION (REGION LEVEL)
4.1 North America Country
4.1.1 United States Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.1.2 Canada Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.2 South America Country
4.2.1 South America Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.3 Asia Country
4.3.1 China Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.3.2 Japan Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.3.3 India Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.3.4 Korea Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.4 Europe Country
4.4.1 Germany Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.4.2 UK Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.4.3 France Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.4.4 Italy Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.4.5 Europe Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.5 Other Country and Region
4.5.1 Middle East Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.5.2 Africa Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.5.3 GCC Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.6 Global Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Region Level) Analysis 2015-2018
4.7 Global Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Region Level) Analysis
SECTION 5 GLOBAL SMART CARD IN TELECOM MARKET SEGMENTATION (TYPE LEVEL)
5.1 Global Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Type Level) Market Size 2015-2018
5.2 Different Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Type Level) Market Size Growth Rate 2015-2018
5.3 Global Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Type Level) Analysis
SECTION 6 GLOBAL SMART CARD IN TELECOM MARKET SEGMENTATION (INDUSTRY LEVEL)
6.1 Global Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size 2015-2018
6.2 Different Industry Trend 2015-2018
6.3 Global Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Analysis
SECTION 7 SMART CARD IN TELECOM MARKET FORECAST 2019-2023
7.1 Smart Card in Telecom Segmentation Market Forecast (Region Level)
7.2 Smart Card in Telecom Segmentation Market Forecast (Type Level)
7.3 Smart Card in Telecom Segmentation Market Forecast (Industry Level)
SECTION 8 SMART CARD IN TELECOM SEGMENTATION TYPE
8.1 Contact Cards Introduction
8.2 Contactless Cards Introduction
SECTION 9 SMART CARD IN TELECOM SEGMENTATION INDUSTRY
9.1 Communication Application Clients
9.2 Non-communication Application Clients
SECTION 10 SMART CARD IN TELECOM COST ANALYSIS
10.1 Technology Cost Analysis
10.2 Labor Cost Analysis
10.3 Cost Overview
SECTION 11 CONCLUSION
SECTION 2 GLOBAL SMART CARD IN TELECOM MARKET MAJOR PLAYER SHARE AND MARKET OVERVIEW
2.1 Global Major Player Smart Card in Telecom Business Revenue
2.2 Global Smart Card in Telecom Market Overview
SECTION 3 MAJOR PLAYER SMART CARD IN TELECOM BUSINESS INTRODUCTION
3.1 Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Business Introduction
3.1.1 Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Revenue, Growth Rate and Gross profit 2015-2018
3.1.2 Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Business Distribution by Region
3.1.3 Gemalto Interview Record
3.1.4 Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Business Profile
3.1.5 Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Specification
3.2 Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Business Introduction
3.2.1 Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Revenue, Growth Rate and Gross profit 2015-2018
3.2.2 Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Business Distribution by Region
3.2.3 Interview Record
3.2.4 Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Business Overview
3.2.5 Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Specification
3.3 Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Business Introduction
3.3.1 Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Revenue, Growth Rate and Gross profit 2015-2018
3.3.2 Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Business Distribution by Region
3.3.3 Interview Record
3.3.4 Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Business Overview
3.3.5 Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Specification
3.4 Morpho (Safran) Smart Card in Telecom Business Introduction
3.5 VALID Smart Card in Telecom Business Introduction
3.6 Eastcompeace Smart Card in Telecom Business Introduction
SECTION 4 GLOBAL SMART CARD IN TELECOM MARKET SEGMENTATION (REGION LEVEL)
4.1 North America Country
4.1.1 United States Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.1.2 Canada Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.2 South America Country
4.2.1 South America Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.3 Asia Country
4.3.1 China Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.3.2 Japan Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.3.3 India Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.3.4 Korea Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.4 Europe Country
4.4.1 Germany Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.4.2 UK Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.4.3 France Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.4.4 Italy Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.4.5 Europe Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.5 Other Country and Region
4.5.1 Middle East Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.5.2 Africa Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.5.3 GCC Smart Card in Telecom Market Size and Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
4.6 Global Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Region Level) Analysis 2015-2018
4.7 Global Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Region Level) Analysis
SECTION 5 GLOBAL SMART CARD IN TELECOM MARKET SEGMENTATION (TYPE LEVEL)
5.1 Global Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Type Level) Market Size 2015-2018
5.2 Different Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Type Level) Market Size Growth Rate 2015-2018
5.3 Global Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Type Level) Analysis
SECTION 6 GLOBAL SMART CARD IN TELECOM MARKET SEGMENTATION (INDUSTRY LEVEL)
6.1 Global Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size 2015-2018
6.2 Different Industry Trend 2015-2018
6.3 Global Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Analysis
SECTION 7 SMART CARD IN TELECOM MARKET FORECAST 2019-2023
7.1 Smart Card in Telecom Segmentation Market Forecast (Region Level)
7.2 Smart Card in Telecom Segmentation Market Forecast (Type Level)
7.3 Smart Card in Telecom Segmentation Market Forecast (Industry Level)
SECTION 8 SMART CARD IN TELECOM SEGMENTATION TYPE
8.1 Contact Cards Introduction
8.2 Contactless Cards Introduction
SECTION 9 SMART CARD IN TELECOM SEGMENTATION INDUSTRY
9.1 Communication Application Clients
9.2 Non-communication Application Clients
SECTION 10 SMART CARD IN TELECOM COST ANALYSIS
10.1 Technology Cost Analysis
10.2 Labor Cost Analysis
10.3 Cost Overview
SECTION 11 CONCLUSION
CHART AND FIGURE
Figure Smart Card in Telecom from Gemalto
Chart 2015-2018 Global Major Player Smart Card in Telecom Business Revenue (Million USD)
Chart 2015-2018 Global Major Player Smart Card in Telecom Business Revenue Share
Chart Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Revenue, Growth Rate and Gross profit 2015-2018
Chart Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Business Distribution
Chart Gemalto Interview Record (Partly)
Figure Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Picture
Chart Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Business Profile
Table Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Specification
Chart Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Revenue, Growth Rate and Gross profit 2015-2018
Chart Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Business Distribution
Chart Giesecke & Devrient Interview Record (Partly)
Figure Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Picture
Chart Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Business Overview
Table Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Specification
Chart Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Revenue, Growth Rate and Gross profit 2015-2018
Chart Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Business Distribution
Chart Oberthur Technologies Interview Record (Partly)
Figure Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Picture
Chart Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Business Overview
Table Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Specification
Chart United States Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart United States Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Canada Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Canada Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart South America Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart South America Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart China Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart China Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Japan Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Japan Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart India Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart India Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Korea Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Korea Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Germany Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Germany Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart UK Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart UK Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart France Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart France Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Italy Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Italy Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Europe Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Europe Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Middle East Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Middle East Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Africa Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Africa Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart GCC Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart GCC Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Global Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Region Level) Market size 2015-2018
Chart Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Type Level) Market Size (Million $) 2015-2018
Chart Different Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Type Level) Market Size Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Million $) 2015-2018
Chart Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Value) Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Smart Card in Telecom Segmentation Market Forecast (Region Level) Market Size 2019-2023
Chart Smart Card in Telecom Segmentation Market Forecast (Type Level) Market Size 2019-2023
Chart Smart Card in Telecom Segmentation Market Forecast (Industry Level) Market Size 2019-2023
Chart Contact Cards Figure
Chart Contact Cards Advantage and Disadvantage Comparison
Chart Contactless Cards Figure
Chart Contactless Cards Advantage and Disadvantage Comparison
Chart Communication Application Clients
Chart Non-communication Application Clients
Figure Smart Card in Telecom from Gemalto
Chart 2015-2018 Global Major Player Smart Card in Telecom Business Revenue (Million USD)
Chart 2015-2018 Global Major Player Smart Card in Telecom Business Revenue Share
Chart Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Revenue, Growth Rate and Gross profit 2015-2018
Chart Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Business Distribution
Chart Gemalto Interview Record (Partly)
Figure Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Picture
Chart Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Business Profile
Table Gemalto Smart Card in Telecom Specification
Chart Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Revenue, Growth Rate and Gross profit 2015-2018
Chart Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Business Distribution
Chart Giesecke & Devrient Interview Record (Partly)
Figure Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Picture
Chart Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Business Overview
Table Giesecke & Devrient Smart Card in Telecom Specification
Chart Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Revenue, Growth Rate and Gross profit 2015-2018
Chart Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Business Distribution
Chart Oberthur Technologies Interview Record (Partly)
Figure Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Picture
Chart Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Business Overview
Table Oberthur Technologies Smart Card in Telecom Specification
Chart United States Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart United States Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Canada Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Canada Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart South America Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart South America Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart China Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart China Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Japan Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Japan Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart India Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart India Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Korea Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Korea Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Germany Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Germany Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart UK Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart UK Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart France Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart France Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Italy Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Italy Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Europe Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Europe Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Middle East Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Middle East Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Africa Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Africa Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart GCC Smart Card in Telecom Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart GCC Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) 2015-2018
Chart Global Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Region Level) Market size 2015-2018
Chart Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Type Level) Market Size (Million $) 2015-2018
Chart Different Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Type Level) Market Size Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Million $) 2015-2018
Chart Smart Card in Telecom Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Value) Growth Rate 2015-2018
Chart Smart Card in Telecom Segmentation Market Forecast (Region Level) Market Size 2019-2023
Chart Smart Card in Telecom Segmentation Market Forecast (Type Level) Market Size 2019-2023
Chart Smart Card in Telecom Segmentation Market Forecast (Industry Level) Market Size 2019-2023
Chart Contact Cards Figure
Chart Contact Cards Advantage and Disadvantage Comparison
Chart Contactless Cards Figure
Chart Contactless Cards Advantage and Disadvantage Comparison
Chart Communication Application Clients
Chart Non-communication Application Clients
