Global Nonvolatile Memory Market Professional Survey Report 2017

January 2017 | 128 pages | ID: G04BE196B71EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

Notes:

Production, means the output of Nonvolatile Memory

Revenue, means the sales value of Nonvolatile Memory

This report studies Nonvolatile Memory in Global market, especially in North America, China, Europe, Southeast Asia, Japan and India, with production, revenue, consumption, import and export in these regions, from 2011 to 2015, and forecast to 2021.

This report focuses on top manufacturers in global market, with production, price, revenue and market share for each manufacturer, covering

• Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
• Toshiba Corporation
• Intel Corporation
• Micron Technology, Inc.
• Fujitsu Ltd
• SK Hynix, Inc.
• Microchip Technology
• Sandisk Corporation
• Adesto Technologies
• Viking Technology
• Crossbar Inc.
• Everspin Technologies Inc.
• Nantero, Inc

By types, the market can be split into

• Traditional Non-Volatile Memories
• Emerging Memories

By Application, the market can be split into

• Industrial Applications
• Energy & Power Distribution Applications
• Automotive & Transportation Applications
• Consumer Electronics
• Healthcare Applications
• Military & Aerospace
• Telecommunication
• Enterprise Storage

By Regions, this report covers (we can add the regions/countries as you want)

• North America
• China
• Europe
• Southeast Asia
• Japan
• India

Contents

Global Nonvolatile Memory Market Professional Survey Report 2017

1 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW OF NONVOLATILE MEMORY

1.1 Definition and Specifications of Nonvolatile Memory
  1.1.1 Definition of Nonvolatile Memory
  1.1.2 Specifications of Nonvolatile Memory
1.2 Classification of Nonvolatile Memory
  1.2.1 Traditional Non-Volatile Memories
  1.2.2 Emerging Memories
1.3 Applications of Nonvolatile Memory
  1.3.1 Industrial Applications
  1.3.2 Energy & Power Distribution Applications
  1.3.3 Automotive & Transportation Applications
  1.3.4 Consumer Electronics
  1.3.5 Healthcare Applications
  1.3.6 Military & Aerospace
  1.3.7 Telecommunication
  1.3.8 Enterprise Storage
1.4 Market Segment by Regions
  1.4.1 North America
  1.4.2 China
  1.4.3 Europe
  1.4.4 Southeast Asia
  1.4.5 Japan
  1.4.6 India

2 MANUFACTURING COST STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF NONVOLATILE MEMORY

2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Nonvolatile Memory
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Nonvolatile Memory
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Nonvolatile Memory

3 TECHNICAL DATA AND MANUFACTURING PLANTS ANALYSIS OF NONVOLATILE MEMORY

3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Global Nonvolatile Memory Major Manufacturers in 2015
3.2 Manufacturing Plants Distribution of Global Nonvolatile Memory Major Manufacturers in 2015
3.3 R&D Status and Technology Source of Global Nonvolatile Memory Major Manufacturers in 2015
3.4 Raw Materials Sources Analysis of Global Nonvolatile Memory Major Manufacturers in 2015

4 GLOBAL NONVOLATILE MEMORY OVERALL MARKET OVERVIEW

4.1 2011-2016 Overall Market Analysis
4.2 Capacity Analysis
  4.2.1 2011-2016 Global Nonvolatile Memory Capacity and Growth Rate Analysis
  4.2.2 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Capacity Analysis (Company Segment)
4.3 Sales Analysis
  4.3.1 2011-2016 Global Nonvolatile Memory Sales and Growth Rate Analysis
  4.3.2 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Analysis (Company Segment)
4.4 Sales Price Analysis
  4.4.1 2011-2016 Global Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price
  4.4.2 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price Analysis (Company Segment)

5 NONVOLATILE MEMORY REGIONAL MARKET ANALYSIS

5.1 North America Nonvolatile Memory Market Analysis
  5.1.1 North America Nonvolatile Memory Market Overview
  5.1.2 North America 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.1.3 North America 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price Analysis
  5.1.4 North America 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Market Share Analysis
5.2 China Nonvolatile Memory Market Analysis
  5.2.1 China Nonvolatile Memory Market Overview
  5.2.2 China 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.2.3 China 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price Analysis
  5.2.4 China 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Market Share Analysis
5.3 Europe Nonvolatile Memory Market Analysis
  5.3.1 Europe Nonvolatile Memory Market Overview
  5.3.2 Europe 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.3.3 Europe 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price Analysis
  5.3.4 Europe 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Market Share Analysis
5.4 Southeast Asia Nonvolatile Memory Market Analysis
  5.4.1 Southeast Asia Nonvolatile Memory Market Overview
  5.4.2 Southeast Asia 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.4.3 Southeast Asia 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price Analysis
  5.4.4 Southeast Asia 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Market Share Analysis
5.5 Japan Nonvolatile Memory Market Analysis
  5.5.1 Japan Nonvolatile Memory Market Overview
  5.5.2 Japan 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.5.3 Japan 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price Analysis
  5.5.4 Japan 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Market Share Analysis
5.6 India Nonvolatile Memory Market Analysis
  5.6.1 India Nonvolatile Memory Market Overview
  5.6.2 India 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.6.3 India 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price Analysis
  5.6.4 India 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Market Share Analysis

6 GLOBAL 2011-2016 NONVOLATILE MEMORY SEGMENT MARKET ANALYSIS (BY TYPE)

6.1 Global 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Sales by Type
6.2 Different Types of Nonvolatile Memory Product Interview Price Analysis
6.3 Different Types of Nonvolatile Memory Product Driving Factors Analysis
  6.3.1 Traditional Non-Volatile Memories of Nonvolatile Memory Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  6.3.2 Emerging Memories of Nonvolatile Memory Growth Driving Factor Analysis

7 GLOBAL 2011-2016 NONVOLATILE MEMORY SEGMENT MARKET ANALYSIS (BY APPLICATION)

7.1 Global 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Consumption by Application
7.2 Different Application of Nonvolatile Memory Product Interview Price Analysis
7.3 Different Application of Nonvolatile Memory Product Driving Factors Analysis
  7.3.1 Industrial Applications of Nonvolatile Memory Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.2 Energy & Power Distribution Applications of Nonvolatile Memory Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.3 Automotive & Transportation Applications of Nonvolatile Memory Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.4 Consumer Electronics of Nonvolatile Memory Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.5 Healthcare Applications of Nonvolatile Memory Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.6 Military & Aerospace of Nonvolatile Memory Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.7 Telecommunication of Nonvolatile Memory Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.8 Enterprise Storage of Nonvolatile Memory Growth Driving Factor Analysis

8 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS OF NONVOLATILE MEMORY

8.1 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
  8.1.1 Company Profile
  8.1.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.1.2.1 Traditional Non-Volatile Memories
    8.1.2.2 Emerging Memories
  8.1.3 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.1.4 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.2 Toshiba Corporation
  8.2.1 Company Profile
  8.2.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.2.2.1 Traditional Non-Volatile Memories
    8.2.2.2 Emerging Memories
  8.2.3 Toshiba Corporation 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.2.4 Toshiba Corporation 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.3 Intel Corporation
  8.3.1 Company Profile
  8.3.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.3.2.1 Traditional Non-Volatile Memories
    8.3.2.2 Emerging Memories
  8.3.3 Intel Corporation 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.3.4 Intel Corporation 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.4 Micron Technology, Inc.
  8.4.1 Company Profile
  8.4.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.4.2.1 Traditional Non-Volatile Memories
    8.4.2.2 Emerging Memories
  8.4.3 Micron Technology, Inc. 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.4.4 Micron Technology, Inc. 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.5 Fujitsu Ltd
  8.5.1 Company Profile
  8.5.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.5.2.1 Traditional Non-Volatile Memories
    8.5.2.2 Emerging Memories
  8.5.3 Fujitsu Ltd 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.5.4 Fujitsu Ltd 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.6 SK Hynix, Inc.
  8.6.1 Company Profile
  8.6.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.6.2.1 Traditional Non-Volatile Memories
    8.6.2.2 Emerging Memories
  8.6.3 SK Hynix, Inc. 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.6.4 SK Hynix, Inc. 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.7 Microchip Technology
  8.7.1 Company Profile
  8.7.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.7.2.1 Traditional Non-Volatile Memories
    8.7.2.2 Emerging Memories
  8.7.3 Microchip Technology 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.7.4 Microchip Technology 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.8 Sandisk Corporation
  8.8.1 Company Profile
  8.8.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.8.2.1 Traditional Non-Volatile Memories
    8.8.2.2 Emerging Memories
  8.8.3 Sandisk Corporation 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.8.4 Sandisk Corporation 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.9 Adesto Technologies
  8.9.1 Company Profile
  8.9.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.9.2.1 Traditional Non-Volatile Memories
    8.9.2.2 Emerging Memories
  8.9.3 Adesto Technologies 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.9.4 Adesto Technologies 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.10 Viking Technology
  8.10.1 Company Profile
  8.10.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.10.2.1 Traditional Non-Volatile Memories
    8.10.2.2 Emerging Memories
  8.10.3 Viking Technology 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.10.4 Viking Technology 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.11 Crossbar Inc.
8.12 Everspin Technologies Inc.
8.13 Nantero, Inc

9 DEVELOPMENT TREND OF ANALYSIS OF NONVOLATILE MEMORY MARKET

9.1 Global Nonvolatile Memory Market Trend Analysis
  9.1.1 Global 2016-2021 Nonvolatile Memory Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast
  9.1.2 Global 2016-2021 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price Forecast
9.2 Nonvolatile Memory Regional Market Trend
  9.2.1 North America 2016-2021 Nonvolatile Memory Consumption Forecast
  9.2.2 China 2016-2021 Nonvolatile Memory Consumption Forecast
  9.2.3 Europe 2016-2021 Nonvolatile Memory Consumption Forecast
  9.2.4 Southeast Asia 2016-2021 Nonvolatile Memory Consumption Forecast
  9.2.5 Japan 2016-2021 Nonvolatile Memory Consumption Forecast
  9.2.6 India 2016-2021 Nonvolatile Memory Consumption Forecast
9.3 Nonvolatile Memory Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Nonvolatile Memory Market Trend (Application)

10 NONVOLATILE MEMORY MARKETING TYPE ANALYSIS

10.1 Nonvolatile Memory Regional Marketing Type Analysis
10.2 Nonvolatile Memory International Trade Type Analysis
10.3 Traders or Distributors with Contact Information of Nonvolatile Memory by Regions
10.4 Nonvolatile Memory Supply Chain Analysis

11 CONSUMERS ANALYSIS OF NONVOLATILE MEMORY

11.1 Consumer 1 Analysis
11.2 Consumer 2 Analysis
11.3 Consumer 3 Analysis
11.4 Consumer 4 Analysis

12 CONCLUSION OF THE GLOBAL NONVOLATILE MEMORY MARKET PROFESSIONAL SURVEY REPORT 2017

Methodology
Analyst Introduction
Data Source

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Nonvolatile Memory
Table Product Specifications of Nonvolatile Memory
Table Classification of Nonvolatile Memory
Figure Global Production Market Share of Nonvolatile Memory by Type in 2015
Figure Traditional Non-Volatile Memories Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Traditional Non-Volatile Memories
Figure Emerging Memories Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Emerging Memories
Table Applications of Nonvolatile Memory
Figure Global Consumption Volume Market Share of Nonvolatile Memory by Application in 2015
Figure Industrial Applications Examples
Table Major Consumers of Industrial Applications
Figure Energy & Power Distribution Applications Examples
Table Major Consumers of Energy & Power Distribution Applications
Figure Automotive & Transportation Applications Examples
Table Major Consumers of Automotive & Transportation Applications
Figure Consumer Electronics Examples
Table Major Consumers of Consumer Electronics
Figure Healthcare Applications Examples
Table Major Consumers of Healthcare Applications
Figure Military & Aerospace Examples
Table Major Consumers of Military & Aerospace
Figure Telecommunication Examples
Table Major Consumers of Telecommunication
Figure Enterprise Storage Examples
Table Major Consumers of Enterprise Storage
Figure Market Share of Nonvolatile Memory by Regions
Figure North America Nonvolatile Memory Market Size (2011-2021)
Figure China Nonvolatile Memory Market Size (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Nonvolatile Memory Market Size (2011-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Nonvolatile Memory Market Size (2011-2021)
Figure Japan Nonvolatile Memory Market Size (2011-2021)
Figure India Nonvolatile Memory Market Size (2011-2021)
Table Nonvolatile Memory Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Nonvolatile Memory in 2015
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Nonvolatile Memory
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Nonvolatile Memory
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Global Nonvolatile Memory Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Manufacturing Plants Distribution of Global Nonvolatile Memory Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table R&D Status and Technology Source of Global Nonvolatile Memory Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Raw Materials Sources Analysis of Global Nonvolatile Memory Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Global Capacity, Sales, Price, Cost, Sales Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Nonvolatile Memory 2011-2016
Figure Global 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Market Size (Volume) and Growth Rate
Figure Global 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Market Size (Value) and Growth Rate
Table 2011-2016 Global Nonvolatile Memory Capacity and Growth Rate
Table 2015 Global Nonvolatile Memory Capacity List (Company Segment)
Table 2011-2016 Global Nonvolatile Memory Sales and Growth Rate
Table 2015 Global Nonvolatile Memory Sales List (Company Segment)
Table 2011-2016 Global Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price
Table 2015 Global Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price List (Company Segment)
Figure North America Capacity Overview
Table North America Supply, Import, Export and Consumption of Nonvolatile Memory 2011-2016
Figure North America 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price
Figure North America 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Market Share
Figure China Capacity Overview
Table China Supply, Import, Export and Consumption of Nonvolatile Memory 2011-2016
Figure China 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price
Figure China 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Market Share
Figure Europe Capacity Overview
Table Europe Supply, Import, Export and Consumption of Nonvolatile Memory 2011-2016
Figure Europe 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price
Figure Europe 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Market Share
Figure Southeast Asia Capacity Overview
Table Southeast Asia Supply, Import, Export and Consumption of Nonvolatile Memory 2011-2016
Figure Southeast Asia 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price
Figure Southeast Asia 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Market Share
Figure Japan Capacity Overview
Table Japan Supply, Import, Export and Consumption of Nonvolatile Memory 2011-2016
Figure Japan 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price
Figure Japan 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Market Share
Figure India Capacity Overview
Table India Supply, Import, Export and Consumption of Nonvolatile Memory 2011-2016
Figure India 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price
Figure India 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Market Share
Table Global 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Sales by Type
Table Different Types Nonvolatile Memory Product Interview Price
Table Global 2011-2016 Nonvolatile Memory Sales by Application
Table Different Application Nonvolatile Memory Product Interview Price
Table Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Information List
Table Traditional Non-Volatile Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table Emerging Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table 2015 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Nonvolatile Memory Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution
Table Toshiba Corporation Information List
Table Traditional Non-Volatile Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table Emerging Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table 2015 Toshiba Corporation Nonvolatile Memory Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Toshiba Corporation 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution
Table Intel Corporation Information List
Table Traditional Non-Volatile Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table Emerging Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table 2015 Intel Corporation Nonvolatile Memory Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Intel Corporation 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution
Table Micron Technology, Inc. Information List
Table Traditional Non-Volatile Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table Emerging Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table 2015 Micron Technology, Inc. Nonvolatile Memory Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Micron Technology, Inc. 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution
Table Fujitsu Ltd Information List
Table Traditional Non-Volatile Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table Emerging Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table 2015 Fujitsu Ltd Nonvolatile Memory Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Fujitsu Ltd 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution
Table SK Hynix, Inc. Information List
Table Traditional Non-Volatile Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table Emerging Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table 2015 SK Hynix, Inc. Nonvolatile Memory Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 SK Hynix, Inc. 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution
Table Microchip Technology Information List
Table Traditional Non-Volatile Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table Emerging Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table 2015 Microchip Technology Nonvolatile Memory Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Microchip Technology 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution
Table Sandisk Corporation Information List
Table Traditional Non-Volatile Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table Emerging Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table 2015 Sandisk Corporation Nonvolatile Memory Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Sandisk Corporation 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution
Table Adesto Technologies Information List
Table Traditional Non-Volatile Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table Emerging Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table 2015 Adesto Technologies Nonvolatile Memory Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Adesto Technologies 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution
Table Viking Technology Information List
Table Traditional Non-Volatile Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table Emerging Memories Nonvolatile Memory Overview
Table 2015 Viking Technology Nonvolatile Memory Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Viking Technology 2015 Nonvolatile Memory Business Region Distribution
Table Crossbar Inc. Information List
Table Everspin Technologies Inc. Information List
Table Nantero, Inc Information List
Figure Global 2016-2021 Nonvolatile Memory Market Size (Volume) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Global 2016-2021 Nonvolatile Memory Market Size (Value) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Global 2016-2021 Nonvolatile Memory Sales Price Forecast
Figure North America 2016-2021 Nonvolatile Memory Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure China 2016-2021 Nonvolatile Memory Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Europe 2016-2021 Nonvolatile Memory Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Southeast Asia 2016-2021 Nonvolatile Memory Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Japan 2016-2021 Nonvolatile Memory Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure India 2016-2021 Nonvolatile Memory Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast
Table Global Sales Volume of Nonvolatile Memory by Types 2016-2021
Table Global Consumption Volume of Nonvolatile Memory by Applications 2016-2021
Table Traders or Distributors with Contact Information of Nonvolatile Memory by Regions