Windmill Cables Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

March 2022 | 77 pages | ID: W487D173908AEN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

This report contains market size and forecasts of Windmill Cables in global, including the following market information:

Global Windmill Cables Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Windmill Cables Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (Km)

Global top five Windmill Cables companies in 2021 (%)

The global Windmill Cables market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

EPR Insulation Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Windmill Cables include Caledonian Cables, Bhuwal Cables, Addison Cables, Apar Industries, NEXANS, Bhuwal Insulation Cable, K.mecs and Shanghai TE RUN System Control, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Windmill Cables manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Windmill Cables Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Km)

Global Windmill Cables Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• EPR Insulation
• HFXLPE Insulation
• PVC Insulation

Global Windmill Cables Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Km)

Global Windmill Cables Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Power generation
• Automotive Industry
• Mechanical Uses
• Electrical Uses
• Others

Global Windmill Cables Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Km)

Global Windmill Cables Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Windmill Cables revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Windmill Cables revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Windmill Cables sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (Km)

Key companies Windmill Cables sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• Caledonian Cables
• Bhuwal Cables
• Addison Cables
• Apar Industries
• NEXANS
• Bhuwal Insulation Cable
• K.mecs
• Shanghai TE RUN System Control

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Windmill Cables Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Windmill Cables Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL WINDMILL CABLES OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Windmill Cables Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Windmill Cables Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Windmill Cables Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Windmill Cables Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Windmill Cables Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Windmill Cables Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Windmill Cables Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Windmill Cables Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Windmill Cables Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Windmill Cables Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Windmill Cables Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Windmill Cables Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Windmill Cables Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Windmill Cables Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 EPR Insulation
  4.1.3 HFXLPE Insulation
  4.1.4 PVC Insulation
4.2 By Type - Global Windmill Cables Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Windmill Cables Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Windmill Cables Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Windmill Cables Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Windmill Cables Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Windmill Cables Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Windmill Cables Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Windmill Cables Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Windmill Cables Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Windmill Cables Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Power generation
  5.1.3 Automotive Industry
  5.1.4 Mechanical Uses
  5.1.5 Electrical Uses
  5.1.6 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Windmill Cables Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Windmill Cables Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Windmill Cables Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Windmill Cables Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Windmill Cables Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Windmill Cables Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Windmill Cables Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Windmill Cables Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Windmill Cables Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Windmill Cables Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Windmill Cables Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Windmill Cables Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Windmill Cables Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Windmill Cables Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Windmill Cables Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Windmill Cables Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Windmill Cables Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Windmill Cables Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Windmill Cables Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Windmill Cables Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Windmill Cables Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Windmill Cables Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Windmill Cables Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Windmill Cables Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Windmill Cables Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Windmill Cables Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Windmill Cables Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Windmill Cables Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Windmill Cables Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 Caledonian Cables
  7.1.1 Caledonian Cables Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 Caledonian Cables Business Overview
  7.1.3 Caledonian Cables Windmill Cables Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 Caledonian Cables Windmill Cables Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 Caledonian Cables Key News
7.2 Bhuwal Cables
  7.2.1 Bhuwal Cables Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 Bhuwal Cables Business Overview
  7.2.3 Bhuwal Cables Windmill Cables Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 Bhuwal Cables Windmill Cables Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 Bhuwal Cables Key News
7.3 Addison Cables
  7.3.1 Addison Cables Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Addison Cables Business Overview
  7.3.3 Addison Cables Windmill Cables Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Addison Cables Windmill Cables Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 Addison Cables Key News
7.4 Apar Industries
  7.4.1 Apar Industries Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Apar Industries Business Overview
  7.4.3 Apar Industries Windmill Cables Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Apar Industries Windmill Cables Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 Apar Industries Key News
7.5 NEXANS
  7.5.1 NEXANS Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 NEXANS Business Overview
  7.5.3 NEXANS Windmill Cables Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 NEXANS Windmill Cables Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 NEXANS Key News
7.6 Bhuwal Insulation Cable
  7.6.1 Bhuwal Insulation Cable Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 Bhuwal Insulation Cable Business Overview
  7.6.3 Bhuwal Insulation Cable Windmill Cables Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 Bhuwal Insulation Cable Windmill Cables Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 Bhuwal Insulation Cable Key News
7.7 K.mecs
  7.7.1 K.mecs Corporate Summary
  7.7.2 K.mecs Business Overview
  7.7.3 K.mecs Windmill Cables Major Product Offerings
  7.7.4 K.mecs Windmill Cables Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.7.5 K.mecs Key News
7.8 Shanghai TE RUN System Control
  7.8.1 Shanghai TE RUN System Control Corporate Summary
  7.8.2 Shanghai TE RUN System Control Business Overview
  7.8.3 Shanghai TE RUN System Control Windmill Cables Major Product Offerings
  7.8.4 Shanghai TE RUN System Control Windmill Cables Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.8.5 Shanghai TE RUN System Control Key News

8 GLOBAL WINDMILL CABLES PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Windmill Cables Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Windmill Cables Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Windmill Cables Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 WINDMILL CABLES SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Windmill Cables Industry Value Chain
10.2 Windmill Cables Upstream Market
10.3 Windmill Cables Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Windmill Cables Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Windmill Cables in Global Market
Table 2. Top Windmill Cables Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Windmill Cables Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Windmill Cables Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Windmill Cables Sales by Companies, (Km), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Windmill Cables Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Windmill Cables Price (2017-2022) & (USD/M)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Windmill Cables Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Windmill Cables Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Windmill Cables Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Windmill Cables Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Windmill Cables Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Windmill Cables Sales (Km), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Windmill Cables Sales (Km), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Windmill Cables Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Windmill Cables Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Windmill Cables Sales (Km), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Windmill Cables Sales (Km), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Windmill Cables Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Windmill Cables Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Windmill Cables Sales (Km), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Windmill Cables Sales (Km), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Windmill Cables Sales, (Km), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Windmill Cables Sales, (Km), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Windmill Cables Sales, (Km), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Windmill Cables Sales, (Km), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Windmill Cables Sales, (Km), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Windmill Cables Sales, (Km), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Windmill Cables Sales, (Km), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Windmill Cables Sales, (Km), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Windmill Cables Sales, (Km), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Windmill Cables Sales, (Km), 2023-2028
Table 46. Caledonian Cables Corporate Summary
Table 47. Caledonian Cables Windmill Cables Product Offerings
Table 48. Caledonian Cables Windmill Cables Sales (Km), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/M) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Bhuwal Cables Corporate Summary
Table 50. Bhuwal Cables Windmill Cables Product Offerings
Table 51. Bhuwal Cables Windmill Cables Sales (Km), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/M) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Addison Cables Corporate Summary
Table 53. Addison Cables Windmill Cables Product Offerings
Table 54. Addison Cables Windmill Cables Sales (Km), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/M) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Apar Industries Corporate Summary
Table 56. Apar Industries Windmill Cables Product Offerings
Table 57. Apar Industries Windmill Cables Sales (Km), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/M) (2017-2022)
Table 58. NEXANS Corporate Summary
Table 59. NEXANS Windmill Cables Product Offerings
Table 60. NEXANS Windmill Cables Sales (Km), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/M) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Bhuwal Insulation Cable Corporate Summary
Table 62. Bhuwal Insulation Cable Windmill Cables Product Offerings
Table 63. Bhuwal Insulation Cable Windmill Cables Sales (Km), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/M) (2017-2022)
Table 64. K.mecs Corporate Summary
Table 65. K.mecs Windmill Cables Product Offerings
Table 66. K.mecs Windmill Cables Sales (Km), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/M) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Shanghai TE RUN System Control Corporate Summary
Table 68. Shanghai TE RUN System Control Windmill Cables Product Offerings
Table 69. Shanghai TE RUN System Control Windmill Cables Sales (Km), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/M) (2017-2022)
Table 70. Windmill Cables Production Capacity (Km) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (Km)
Table 71. Global Windmill Cables Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 72. Global Windmill Cables Production by Region, 2017-2022 (Km)
Table 73. Global Windmill Cables Production by Region, 2023-2028 (Km)
Table 74. Windmill Cables Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 75. Windmill Cables Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 76. Windmill Cables Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 77. Windmill Cables Raw Materials
Table 78. Windmill Cables Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 79. Typical Windmill Cables Downstream
Table 80. Windmill Cables Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 81. Windmill Cables Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Windmill Cables Segment by Type
Figure 2. Windmill Cables Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Windmill Cables Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Windmill Cables Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Windmill Cables Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Windmill Cables Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (Km)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Windmill Cables Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Windmill Cables Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Windmill Cables Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Windmill Cables Price (USD/M), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Windmill Cables Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Windmill Cables Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Windmill Cables Price (USD/M), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Windmill Cables Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Windmill Cables Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Windmill Cables Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Windmill Cables Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Windmill Cables Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Windmill Cables Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Windmill Cables Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Windmill Cables Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Windmill Cables Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Windmill Cables Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Windmill Cables Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Windmill Cables Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Windmill Cables Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Windmill Cables Production Capacity (Km), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Windmill Cables by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Windmill Cables Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels