Vinyl Flooring - Global Market Outlook (2020-2028)
According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Vinyl Flooring Market is accounted for $29.53 billion in 2020 and is expected to reach $60.59 billion by 2028 growing at a CAGR of 9.4% during the forecast period. Some of the factors such as strong growth in commercial real estate and superior properties of vinyl flooring are propelling the market growth. However, stringent regulations on vinyl are hampering the market growth.
Vinyl flooring is a finished flooring material predominately prepared from a combination of limestone-based material mixed with composites of natural and synthetic polymer materials such as polyvinyl chloride and plasticizers. It is the type of robust and resilient flooring, which is primarily used in construction applications related to commercial and residential projects.
Based on the end user, the commercial segment is estimated to have a lucrative growth due to the increasing influence of designers and architects for the use of vinyl flooring. Easy cleaning and sterilization and stylish designs and slip & water resistance offered by these products are likely to propel their demand in the commercial segment over the forecast period.
By geography, the Asia Pacific is going to have lucrative growth during the forecast period. China has been the largest construction market in the region, as well as the largest consumer for vinyl flooring. However, changing consumer preferences that demand variation in the product and better designs are likely to have a positive impact on market growth.
Some of the key players profiled in the Vinyl Flooring Market include Tarkett, Shaw Industries Group, Inc., Responsive Industries Ltd., Congoleum Corporation, Novalis Innovative Flooring, Mannington Mills, James Halstead PLC, CBC Group, Gerflor, Forbo Holding, Fatra, Polyflor Ltd., CI TAKIRON Corporation, Interface, Inc., Beaulieu International Group, and Armstrong World Industries.
Products Covered:
All the customers of this report will be entitled to receive one of the following free customization options:
Vinyl flooring is a finished flooring material predominately prepared from a combination of limestone-based material mixed with composites of natural and synthetic polymer materials such as polyvinyl chloride and plasticizers. It is the type of robust and resilient flooring, which is primarily used in construction applications related to commercial and residential projects.
Based on the end user, the commercial segment is estimated to have a lucrative growth due to the increasing influence of designers and architects for the use of vinyl flooring. Easy cleaning and sterilization and stylish designs and slip & water resistance offered by these products are likely to propel their demand in the commercial segment over the forecast period.
By geography, the Asia Pacific is going to have lucrative growth during the forecast period. China has been the largest construction market in the region, as well as the largest consumer for vinyl flooring. However, changing consumer preferences that demand variation in the product and better designs are likely to have a positive impact on market growth.
Some of the key players profiled in the Vinyl Flooring Market include Tarkett, Shaw Industries Group, Inc., Responsive Industries Ltd., Congoleum Corporation, Novalis Innovative Flooring, Mannington Mills, James Halstead PLC, CBC Group, Gerflor, Forbo Holding, Fatra, Polyflor Ltd., CI TAKIRON Corporation, Interface, Inc., Beaulieu International Group, and Armstrong World Industries.
Products Covered:
- Luxury Vinyl Tiles (LVT)
- Vinyl Sheets
- Vinyl Composition Tile (VCT)
- Carpets
- Plank
- Sheet
- Tile
- Stone Plastic Composite
- Wood Plastic Composite
- Traditional Luxury Vinyl Tiles
- Organised
- Unorganised
- Premium
- Economy
- Budget
- Direct Selling/Contractors
- Dealers or Distributors Network
- Home Centres
- Trace Stabilizers
- Plasticizers
- Polyvinyl Chloride (or Vinyl) Resins
- Carrier Sheet or Backing
- Pigments
- Enhanced Urethane Type
- Urethane Type
- Vinyl No Wax Type
- Commercial
- Industrial
- Residential
- North America
- US
- Canada
- Mexico
- Europe
- Germany
- UK
- Italy
- France
- Spain
- Rest of Europe
- Asia Pacific
- Japan
- China
- India
- Australia
- New Zealand
- South Korea
- Rest of Asia Pacific
- South America
- Argentina
- Brazil
- Chile
- Rest of South America
- Middle East & Africa
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE
- Qatar
- South Africa
- Rest of Middle East & Africa
- Market share assessments for the regional and country-level segments
- Strategic recommendations for the new entrants
- Covers Market data for the years 2019, 2020, 2021, 2025, and 2028
- Market Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, Investment Opportunities, and recommendations)
- Strategic recommendations in key business segments based on the market estimations
- Competitive landscaping mapping the key common trends
- Company profiling with detailed strategies, financials, and recent developments
- Supply chain trends mapping the latest technological advancements
All the customers of this report will be entitled to receive one of the following free customization options:
- Company Profiling
- Comprehensive profiling of additional market players (up to 3)
- SWOT Analysis of key players (up to 3)
- Regional Segmentation
- Market estimations, Forecasts and CAGR of any prominent country as per the client's interest (Note: Depends on feasibility check)
- Competitive Benchmarking
- Benchmarking of key players based on product portfolio, geographical presence, and strategic alliances
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2 PREFACE
2.1 Abstract
2.2 Stake Holders
2.3 Research Scope
2.4 Research Methodology
2.4.1 Data Mining
2.4.2 Data Analysis
2.4.3 Data Validation
2.4.4 Research Approach
2.5 Research Sources
2.5.1 Primary Research Sources
2.5.2 Secondary Research Sources
2.5.3 Assumptions
3 MARKET TREND ANALYSIS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Drivers
3.3 Restraints
3.4 Opportunities
3.5 Threats
3.6 Product Analysis
3.7 End User Analysis
3.8 Emerging Markets
3.9 Impact of Covid-19
4 PORTERS FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS
4.1 Bargaining power of suppliers
4.2 Bargaining power of buyers
4.3 Threat of substitutes
4.4 Threat of new entrants
4.5 Competitive rivalry
5 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Luxury Vinyl Tiles (LVT)
5.3 Vinyl Sheets
5.3.1 Inlaid
5.3.2 Printed Vinyl
5.4 Vinyl Composition Tile (VCT)
5.5 Carpets
6 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY FORMAT
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Plank
6.3 Sheet
6.4 Tile
7 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY MATERIAL TYPE
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Stone Plastic Composite
7.3 Wood Plastic Composite
7.4 Traditional Luxury Vinyl Tiles
8 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY SECTOR
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Organised
8.3 Unorganised
9 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY PRICE CATEGORY
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Premium
9.3 Economy
9.4 Budget
10 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Direct Selling/Contractors
10.3 Dealers or Distributors Network
10.4 Home Centres
11 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY COMPONENT TYPE
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Trace Stabilizers
11.3 Plasticizers
11.4 Polyvinyl Chloride (or Vinyl) Resins
11.5 Carrier Sheet or Backing
11.6 Pigments
12 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY TYPE
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Enhanced Urethane Type
12.3 Urethane Type
12.4 Vinyl No Wax Type
13 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY END USER
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Commercial
13.2.1 Healthcare
13.2.2 Hospitality
13.2.3 Retail
13.2.4 Offices/Corporate
13.2.5 Education
13.2.6 Sport
13.3 Industrial
13.3.1 Transportation Equipment & Nonbuilding
13.3.2 Automotive
13.4 Residential
14 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY
14.1 Introduction
14.2 North America
14.2.1 US
14.2.2 Canada
14.2.3 Mexico
14.3 Europe
14.3.1 Germany
14.3.2 UK
14.3.3 Italy
14.3.4 France
14.3.5 Spain
14.3.6 Rest of Europe
14.4 Asia Pacific
14.4.1 Japan
14.4.2 China
14.4.3 India
14.4.4 Australia
14.4.5 New Zealand
14.4.6 South Korea
14.4.7 Rest of Asia Pacific
14.5 South America
14.5.1 Argentina
14.5.2 Brazil
14.5.3 Chile
14.5.4 Rest of South America
14.6 Middle East & Africa
14.6.1 Saudi Arabia
14.6.2 UAE
14.6.3 Qatar
14.6.4 South Africa
14.6.5 Rest of Middle East & Africa
15 KEY DEVELOPMENTS
15.1 Agreements, Partnerships, Collaborations and Joint Ventures
15.2 Acquisitions & Mergers
15.3 New Product Launch
15.4 Expansions
15.5 Other Key Strategies
16 COMPANY PROFILING
16.1 Tarkett
16.2 Shaw Industries Group, Inc.
16.3 Responsive Industries Ltd.
16.4 Congoleum Corporation
16.5 Novalis Innovative Flooring
16.6 Mannington Mills
16.7 James Halstead PLC
16.8 CBC Group
16.9 Gerflor
16.10 Forbo Holding
16.11 Fatra
16.12 Polyflor Ltd.
16.13 CI TAKIRON Corporation
16.14 Interface, Inc.
16.15 Beaulieu International Group
16.16 Armstrong World Industries
2 PREFACE
2.1 Abstract
2.2 Stake Holders
2.3 Research Scope
2.4 Research Methodology
2.4.1 Data Mining
2.4.2 Data Analysis
2.4.3 Data Validation
2.4.4 Research Approach
2.5 Research Sources
2.5.1 Primary Research Sources
2.5.2 Secondary Research Sources
2.5.3 Assumptions
3 MARKET TREND ANALYSIS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Drivers
3.3 Restraints
3.4 Opportunities
3.5 Threats
3.6 Product Analysis
3.7 End User Analysis
3.8 Emerging Markets
3.9 Impact of Covid-19
4 PORTERS FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS
4.1 Bargaining power of suppliers
4.2 Bargaining power of buyers
4.3 Threat of substitutes
4.4 Threat of new entrants
4.5 Competitive rivalry
5 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Luxury Vinyl Tiles (LVT)
5.3 Vinyl Sheets
5.3.1 Inlaid
5.3.2 Printed Vinyl
5.4 Vinyl Composition Tile (VCT)
5.5 Carpets
6 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY FORMAT
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Plank
6.3 Sheet
6.4 Tile
7 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY MATERIAL TYPE
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Stone Plastic Composite
7.3 Wood Plastic Composite
7.4 Traditional Luxury Vinyl Tiles
8 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY SECTOR
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Organised
8.3 Unorganised
9 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY PRICE CATEGORY
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Premium
9.3 Economy
9.4 Budget
10 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Direct Selling/Contractors
10.3 Dealers or Distributors Network
10.4 Home Centres
11 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY COMPONENT TYPE
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Trace Stabilizers
11.3 Plasticizers
11.4 Polyvinyl Chloride (or Vinyl) Resins
11.5 Carrier Sheet or Backing
11.6 Pigments
12 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY TYPE
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Enhanced Urethane Type
12.3 Urethane Type
12.4 Vinyl No Wax Type
13 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY END USER
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Commercial
13.2.1 Healthcare
13.2.2 Hospitality
13.2.3 Retail
13.2.4 Offices/Corporate
13.2.5 Education
13.2.6 Sport
13.3 Industrial
13.3.1 Transportation Equipment & Nonbuilding
13.3.2 Automotive
13.4 Residential
14 GLOBAL VINYL FLOORING MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY
14.1 Introduction
14.2 North America
14.2.1 US
14.2.2 Canada
14.2.3 Mexico
14.3 Europe
14.3.1 Germany
14.3.2 UK
14.3.3 Italy
14.3.4 France
14.3.5 Spain
14.3.6 Rest of Europe
14.4 Asia Pacific
14.4.1 Japan
14.4.2 China
14.4.3 India
14.4.4 Australia
14.4.5 New Zealand
14.4.6 South Korea
14.4.7 Rest of Asia Pacific
14.5 South America
14.5.1 Argentina
14.5.2 Brazil
14.5.3 Chile
14.5.4 Rest of South America
14.6 Middle East & Africa
14.6.1 Saudi Arabia
14.6.2 UAE
14.6.3 Qatar
14.6.4 South Africa
14.6.5 Rest of Middle East & Africa
15 KEY DEVELOPMENTS
15.1 Agreements, Partnerships, Collaborations and Joint Ventures
15.2 Acquisitions & Mergers
15.3 New Product Launch
15.4 Expansions
15.5 Other Key Strategies
16 COMPANY PROFILING
16.1 Tarkett
16.2 Shaw Industries Group, Inc.
16.3 Responsive Industries Ltd.
16.4 Congoleum Corporation
16.5 Novalis Innovative Flooring
16.6 Mannington Mills
16.7 James Halstead PLC
16.8 CBC Group
16.9 Gerflor
16.10 Forbo Holding
16.11 Fatra
16.12 Polyflor Ltd.
16.13 CI TAKIRON Corporation
16.14 Interface, Inc.
16.15 Beaulieu International Group
16.16 Armstrong World Industries
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Region (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 2 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Product (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 3 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Luxury Vinyl Tiles (LVT) (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 4 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Vinyl Sheets (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 5 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Inlaid (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 6 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Printed Vinyl (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 7 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Vinyl Composition Tile (VCT) (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 8 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Carpets (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 9 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Format (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 10 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Plank (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 11 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Sheet (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 12 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Tile (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 13 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Material Type (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 14 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Stone Plastic Composite (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 15 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Wood Plastic Composite (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 16 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Traditional Luxury Vinyl Tiles (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 17 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Sector (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 18 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Organised (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 19 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Unorganised (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 20 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Price Category (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 21 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Premium (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 22 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Economy (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 23 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Budget (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 24 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Distribution Channel (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 25 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Direct Selling/Contractors (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 26 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Dealers or Distributors Network (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 27 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Home Centres (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 28 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Component Type (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 29 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Trace Stabilizers (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 30 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Plasticizers (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 31 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Polyvinyl Chloride (or Vinyl) Resins (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 32 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Carrier Sheet or Backing (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 33 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Pigments (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 34 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Type (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 35 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Enhanced Urethane Type (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 36 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Urethane Type (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 37 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Vinyl No Wax Type (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 38 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By End User (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 39 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Commercial (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 40 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Healthcare (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 41 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Hospitality (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 42 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Retail (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 43 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Offices/Corporate (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 44 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Education (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 45 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Sport (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 46 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Industrial (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 47 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Transportation Equipment & Nonbuilding (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 48 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Automotive (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 49 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Residential (2019-2028) ($MN)
Note: Tables for North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East & Africa Regions are also represented in the same manner as above.
Table 1 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Region (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 2 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Product (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 3 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Luxury Vinyl Tiles (LVT) (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 4 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Vinyl Sheets (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 5 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Inlaid (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 6 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Printed Vinyl (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 7 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Vinyl Composition Tile (VCT) (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 8 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Carpets (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 9 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Format (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 10 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Plank (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 11 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Sheet (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 12 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Tile (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 13 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Material Type (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 14 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Stone Plastic Composite (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 15 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Wood Plastic Composite (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 16 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Traditional Luxury Vinyl Tiles (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 17 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Sector (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 18 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Organised (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 19 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Unorganised (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 20 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Price Category (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 21 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Premium (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 22 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Economy (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 23 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Budget (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 24 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Distribution Channel (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 25 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Direct Selling/Contractors (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 26 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Dealers or Distributors Network (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 27 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Home Centres (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 28 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Component Type (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 29 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Trace Stabilizers (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 30 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Plasticizers (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 31 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Polyvinyl Chloride (or Vinyl) Resins (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 32 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Carrier Sheet or Backing (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 33 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Pigments (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 34 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Type (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 35 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Enhanced Urethane Type (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 36 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Urethane Type (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 37 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Vinyl No Wax Type (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 38 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By End User (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 39 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Commercial (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 40 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Healthcare (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 41 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Hospitality (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 42 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Retail (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 43 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Offices/Corporate (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 44 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Education (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 45 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Sport (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 46 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Industrial (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 47 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Transportation Equipment & Nonbuilding (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 48 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Automotive (2019-2028) ($MN)
Table 49 Global Vinyl Flooring Market Outlook, By Residential (2019-2028) ($MN)
Note: Tables for North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East & Africa Regions are also represented in the same manner as above.
