Traffic High Water Detection System Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

June 2022 | 77 pages | ID: TF7160374675EN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

This report contains market size and forecasts of Traffic High Water Detection System in global, including the following market information:

Global Traffic High Water Detection System Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Traffic High Water Detection System Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (K Units)

Global top five Traffic High Water Detection System companies in 2021 (%)

The global Traffic High Water Detection System market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2022-2028.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

AC Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Traffic High Water Detection System include TAPCO, High Sierra Electronics, Electrotechnics, TraffiCalm and Septic Products, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Traffic High Water Detection System manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Traffic High Water Detection System Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Traffic High Water Detection System Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• AC
• Solar Power

Global Traffic High Water Detection System Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Traffic High Water Detection System Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Road
• Bridge Opening
• Others

Global Traffic High Water Detection System Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Traffic High Water Detection System Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Traffic High Water Detection System revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Traffic High Water Detection System revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Traffic High Water Detection System sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (K Units)

Key companies Traffic High Water Detection System sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• TAPCO
• High Sierra Electronics
• Electrotechnics
• TraffiCalm
• Septic Products

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Traffic High Water Detection System Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Traffic High Water Detection System Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL TRAFFIC HIGH WATER DETECTION SYSTEM OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Traffic High Water Detection System Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Traffic High Water Detection System Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Traffic High Water Detection System Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Traffic High Water Detection System Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Traffic High Water Detection System Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Traffic High Water Detection System Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Traffic High Water Detection System Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Traffic High Water Detection System Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 AC
  4.1.3 Solar Power
4.2 By Type - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Road
  5.1.3 Bridge Opening
  5.1.4 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 TAPCO
  7.1.1 TAPCO Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 TAPCO Business Overview
  7.1.3 TAPCO Traffic High Water Detection System Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 TAPCO Traffic High Water Detection System Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 TAPCO Key News
7.2 High Sierra Electronics
  7.2.1 High Sierra Electronics Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 High Sierra Electronics Business Overview
  7.2.3 High Sierra Electronics Traffic High Water Detection System Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 High Sierra Electronics Traffic High Water Detection System Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 High Sierra Electronics Key News
7.3 Electrotechnics
  7.3.1 Electrotechnics Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Electrotechnics Business Overview
  7.3.3 Electrotechnics Traffic High Water Detection System Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Electrotechnics Traffic High Water Detection System Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 Electrotechnics Key News
7.4 TraffiCalm
  7.4.1 TraffiCalm Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 TraffiCalm Business Overview
  7.4.3 TraffiCalm Traffic High Water Detection System Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 TraffiCalm Traffic High Water Detection System Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 TraffiCalm Key News
7.5 Septic Products
  7.5.1 Septic Products Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Septic Products Business Overview
  7.5.3 Septic Products Traffic High Water Detection System Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Septic Products Traffic High Water Detection System Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 Septic Products Key News

8 GLOBAL TRAFFIC HIGH WATER DETECTION SYSTEM PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Traffic High Water Detection System Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Traffic High Water Detection System Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Traffic High Water Detection System Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 TRAFFIC HIGH WATER DETECTION SYSTEM SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Traffic High Water Detection System Industry Value Chain
10.2 Traffic High Water Detection System Upstream Market
10.3 Traffic High Water Detection System Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Traffic High Water Detection System Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Traffic High Water Detection System in Global Market
Table 2. Top Traffic High Water Detection System Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Traffic High Water Detection System Price (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Traffic High Water Detection System Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Traffic High Water Detection System Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Traffic High Water Detection System Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Traffic High Water Detection System Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. TAPCO Corporate Summary
Table 47. TAPCO Traffic High Water Detection System Product Offerings
Table 48. TAPCO Traffic High Water Detection System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. High Sierra Electronics Corporate Summary
Table 50. High Sierra Electronics Traffic High Water Detection System Product Offerings
Table 51. High Sierra Electronics Traffic High Water Detection System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Electrotechnics Corporate Summary
Table 53. Electrotechnics Traffic High Water Detection System Product Offerings
Table 54. Electrotechnics Traffic High Water Detection System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. TraffiCalm Corporate Summary
Table 56. TraffiCalm Traffic High Water Detection System Product Offerings
Table 57. TraffiCalm Traffic High Water Detection System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Septic Products Corporate Summary
Table 59. Septic Products Traffic High Water Detection System Product Offerings
Table 60. Septic Products Traffic High Water Detection System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Traffic High Water Detection System Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 62. Global Traffic High Water Detection System Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 63. Global Traffic High Water Detection System Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 64. Global Traffic High Water Detection System Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 65. Traffic High Water Detection System Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 66. Traffic High Water Detection System Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 67. Traffic High Water Detection System Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 68. Traffic High Water Detection System Raw Materials
Table 69. Traffic High Water Detection System Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 70. Typical Traffic High Water Detection System Downstream
Table 71. Traffic High Water Detection System Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 72. Traffic High Water Detection System Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Traffic High Water Detection System Segment by Type
Figure 2. Traffic High Water Detection System Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Traffic High Water Detection System Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Traffic High Water Detection System Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Traffic High Water Detection System Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Traffic High Water Detection System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Traffic High Water Detection System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Traffic High Water Detection System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Traffic High Water Detection System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Traffic High Water Detection System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Traffic High Water Detection System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Traffic High Water Detection System Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Traffic High Water Detection System by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Traffic High Water Detection System Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels