Refrigerator Truck Market - Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

January 2022 | 75 pages | ID: R41A0BB5E72FEN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

This report contains market size and forecasts of Refrigerator Truck in global, including the following market information:

Global Refrigerator Truck Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Refrigerator Truck Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (K Units)

Global top five Refrigerator Truck companies in 2021 (%)

The global Refrigerator Truck market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Single Temperature Type Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Refrigerator Truck include Thermo King, Carrier Transicold, MHI, Zanotti, Kingtec, Hubbard and Tata Motors, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Refrigerator Truck manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Refrigerator Truck Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Refrigerator Truck Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Single Temperature Type
• Multi-Temperature Type

Global Refrigerator Truck Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Refrigerator Truck Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Meat & Sea Food
• Fruits & Vegetables
• Dairy
• Others

Global Refrigerator Truck Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Refrigerator Truck Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Refrigerator Truck revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Refrigerator Truck revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Refrigerator Truck sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (K Units)

Key companies Refrigerator Truck sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• Thermo King
• Carrier Transicold
• MHI
• Zanotti
• Kingtec
• Hubbard
• Tata Motors

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Refrigerator Truck Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Refrigerator Truck Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL REFRIGERATOR TRUCK OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Refrigerator Truck Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Refrigerator Truck Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Refrigerator Truck Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Refrigerator Truck Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Refrigerator Truck Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Refrigerator Truck Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Refrigerator Truck Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Refrigerator Truck Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Refrigerator Truck Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Refrigerator Truck Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Refrigerator Truck Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Refrigerator Truck Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Single Temperature Type
  4.1.3 Multi-Temperature Type
4.2 By Type - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Refrigerator Truck Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Meat & Sea Food
  5.1.3 Fruits & Vegetables
  5.1.4 Dairy
  5.1.5 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Refrigerator Truck Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Refrigerator Truck Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Refrigerator Truck Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Refrigerator Truck Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Refrigerator Truck Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Refrigerator Truck Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Refrigerator Truck Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Refrigerator Truck Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Refrigerator Truck Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Refrigerator Truck Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Refrigerator Truck Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Refrigerator Truck Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 Thermo King
  7.1.1 Thermo King Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 Thermo King Business Overview
  7.1.3 Thermo King Refrigerator Truck Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 Thermo King Refrigerator Truck Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 Thermo King Key News
7.2 Carrier Transicold
  7.2.1 Carrier Transicold Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 Carrier Transicold Business Overview
  7.2.3 Carrier Transicold Refrigerator Truck Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 Carrier Transicold Refrigerator Truck Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 Carrier Transicold Key News
7.3 MHI
  7.3.1 MHI Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 MHI Business Overview
  7.3.3 MHI Refrigerator Truck Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 MHI Refrigerator Truck Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 MHI Key News
7.4 Zanotti
  7.4.1 Zanotti Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Zanotti Business Overview
  7.4.3 Zanotti Refrigerator Truck Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Zanotti Refrigerator Truck Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 Zanotti Key News
7.5 Kingtec
  7.5.1 Kingtec Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Kingtec Business Overview
  7.5.3 Kingtec Refrigerator Truck Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Kingtec Refrigerator Truck Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 Kingtec Key News
7.6 Hubbard
  7.6.1 Hubbard Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 Hubbard Business Overview
  7.6.3 Hubbard Refrigerator Truck Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 Hubbard Refrigerator Truck Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 Hubbard Key News
7.7 Tata Motors
  7.7.1 Tata Motors Corporate Summary
  7.7.2 Tata Motors Business Overview
  7.7.3 Tata Motors Refrigerator Truck Major Product Offerings
  7.7.4 Tata Motors Refrigerator Truck Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.7.5 Tata Motors Key News

8 GLOBAL REFRIGERATOR TRUCK PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Refrigerator Truck Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Refrigerator Truck Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Refrigerator Truck Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 REFRIGERATOR TRUCK SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Refrigerator Truck Industry Value Chain
10.2 Refrigerator Truck Upstream Market
10.3 Refrigerator Truck Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Refrigerator Truck Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Refrigerator Truck in Global Market
Table 2. Top Refrigerator Truck Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Refrigerator Truck Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Refrigerator Truck Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Refrigerator Truck Price (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Refrigerator Truck Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Refrigerator Truck Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Refrigerator Truck Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Refrigerator Truck Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Refrigerator Truck Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Refrigerator Truck Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Refrigerator Truck Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Refrigerator Truck Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Refrigerator Truck Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Refrigerator Truck Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Refrigerator Truck Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Refrigerator Truck Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Refrigerator Truck Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. Thermo King Corporate Summary
Table 47. Thermo King Refrigerator Truck Product Offerings
Table 48. Thermo King Refrigerator Truck Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Carrier Transicold Corporate Summary
Table 50. Carrier Transicold Refrigerator Truck Product Offerings
Table 51. Carrier Transicold Refrigerator Truck Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. MHI Corporate Summary
Table 53. MHI Refrigerator Truck Product Offerings
Table 54. MHI Refrigerator Truck Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Zanotti Corporate Summary
Table 56. Zanotti Refrigerator Truck Product Offerings
Table 57. Zanotti Refrigerator Truck Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Kingtec Corporate Summary
Table 59. Kingtec Refrigerator Truck Product Offerings
Table 60. Kingtec Refrigerator Truck Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Hubbard Corporate Summary
Table 62. Hubbard Refrigerator Truck Product Offerings
Table 63. Hubbard Refrigerator Truck Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Tata Motors Corporate Summary
Table 65. Tata Motors Refrigerator Truck Product Offerings
Table 66. Tata Motors Refrigerator Truck Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Refrigerator Truck Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 68. Global Refrigerator Truck Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 69. Global Refrigerator Truck Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 70. Global Refrigerator Truck Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 71. Refrigerator Truck Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 72. Refrigerator Truck Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 73. Refrigerator Truck Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 74. Refrigerator Truck Raw Materials
Table 75. Refrigerator Truck Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 76. Typical Refrigerator Truck Downstream
Table 77. Refrigerator Truck Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 78. Refrigerator Truck Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Refrigerator Truck Segment by Type
Figure 2. Refrigerator Truck Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Refrigerator Truck Market Overview: 2020
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Refrigerator Truck Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Refrigerator Truck Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Refrigerator Truck Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Refrigerator Truck Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Refrigerator Truck Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Refrigerator Truck Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Refrigerator Truck Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Refrigerator Truck Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Refrigerator Truck Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Refrigerator Truck Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Refrigerator Truck Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Refrigerator Truck Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Refrigerator Truck Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Refrigerator Truck Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Refrigerator Truck Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Refrigerator Truck Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Refrigerator Truck Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Refrigerator Truck Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Refrigerator Truck Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Refrigerator Truck by Region, 2020 VS 2027
Figure 50. Refrigerator Truck Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels