Oleoresins (Black pepper, Paprika, Capsicum, Tomato, Marigold, Turmeric and others) Market for Food & Beverage, Pharmaceutical, Flavoring & Coloring Agent and Other Applications: Global Industry Perspective, Comprehensive Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Segment, Trends and Forecast, 2014-2020
The report covers forecast and analysis for the oleoresins market on a global and regional level. The study provides historic data of 2014 along with a forecast from 2015 to 2020 based on both volume (kilo tons) and revenue (USD million). The study includes drivers and restraints of the oleoresins market along with the impact they have on the demand over the forecast period. Additionally, the report includes the study of opportunities available in the oleoresins market on a global level.
In order to give the users of this report a comprehensive view on the oleoresins market, we have included a detailed competitive scenario and product portfolio of key vendors. To understand the competitive landscape in the market, an analysis of Porters five forces model for the oleoresins market has also been included. The study encompasses a market attractiveness analysis, wherein product segments are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate and general attractiveness.
The study provides a decisive view on the oleoresins market by segmenting the market based on products, applications and regions. All the segments have been analyzed based on present and future trends and the market is estimated from 2014 to 2020. Based on products, oleoresins market can segmented into black pepper, paprika, capsicum, tomato, marigold, turmeric and others. Key application markets covered under this study includes food beverage, pharmaceutical, flavoring coloring agent and others. The regional segmentation includes the current and forecast demand for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East and Africa with its further bifurcation into major countries including U.S., Germany, France, UK, China, Japan, India and Brazil.
The report covers detailed competitive outlook including the market share and company profiles of the key participants operating in the global oleoresins market Adani Pharmachem Private Limited, Kancor Ingredients Limited, Plant Lipids, Givaudan, Ozone Naturals, Universal Oleoresins, Asian Oleoresin Company, Bhoomi Natural Products and Exports Pvt. Ltd., Synthite Industries Ltd., Ungerer Company and Paprika Oleos India Limited. The detailed description of players includes parameters such as company overview, financial overview, business strategies and recent developments of the company.
This report segments the global oleoresins market as follows: Global Oleoresins Market: Product Segment Analysis
In order to give the users of this report a comprehensive view on the oleoresins market, we have included a detailed competitive scenario and product portfolio of key vendors. To understand the competitive landscape in the market, an analysis of Porters five forces model for the oleoresins market has also been included. The study encompasses a market attractiveness analysis, wherein product segments are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate and general attractiveness.
The study provides a decisive view on the oleoresins market by segmenting the market based on products, applications and regions. All the segments have been analyzed based on present and future trends and the market is estimated from 2014 to 2020. Based on products, oleoresins market can segmented into black pepper, paprika, capsicum, tomato, marigold, turmeric and others. Key application markets covered under this study includes food beverage, pharmaceutical, flavoring coloring agent and others. The regional segmentation includes the current and forecast demand for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East and Africa with its further bifurcation into major countries including U.S., Germany, France, UK, China, Japan, India and Brazil.
The report covers detailed competitive outlook including the market share and company profiles of the key participants operating in the global oleoresins market Adani Pharmachem Private Limited, Kancor Ingredients Limited, Plant Lipids, Givaudan, Ozone Naturals, Universal Oleoresins, Asian Oleoresin Company, Bhoomi Natural Products and Exports Pvt. Ltd., Synthite Industries Ltd., Ungerer Company and Paprika Oleos India Limited. The detailed description of players includes parameters such as company overview, financial overview, business strategies and recent developments of the company.
This report segments the global oleoresins market as follows: Global Oleoresins Market: Product Segment Analysis
- Black Pepper
- Paprika
- Capsicum
- Tomato
- Marigold
- Turmeric
- Others
- Food Beverage
- Pharmaceutical
- Flavoring Coloring Agent
- Others
- North America
- U.S.
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- UK
- Asia Pacific
- China
- Japan
- India
- Latin America
- Brazil
- Middle East and Africa
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Report description and scope
1.2. Research scope
1.3. Research methodology
1.3.1. Market research process
1.3.2. Market research methodology
CHAPTER 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.1. Global oleoresins market volume and revenue, 2014 - 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
2.2. Global oleoresins market: Snapshot
CHAPTER 3. OLEORESINS MARKET INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
3.1. Oleoresins: Market dynamics
3.2. Value chain analysis
3.3. Market drivers
3.3.1. Global oleoresins market drivers: Impact analysis
3.3.2. Growing demand from food beverage industry
3.4. Market restraints
3.4.1. Global oleoresins market restraints: Impact analysis
3.4.2. Lack of awareness
3.5. Opportunities
3.5.1. Market strategies
3.6. Porters five forces analysis
3.6.1. Bargaining power of suppliers
3.6.2. Bargaining power of buyers
3.6.3. Threat from new entrants
3.6.4. Threat from new substitutes
3.6.5. Degree of competition
3.7. Market attractiveness analysis
3.7.1. Market attractiveness analysis by product segment
3.7.2. Market attractiveness analysis by application segment
3.7.3. Market attractiveness analysis by regional segment
CHAPTER 4. GLOBAL OLEORESINS MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
4.1. Global oleoresins: company market share
4.2. Global oleoresins market: Production capacity (subject to data availability)
4.3. Global oleoresins market: Raw material analysis
4.4. Global oleoresins market : Price trend Analysis
CHAPTER 5. GLOBAL OLEORESINS MARKET PRODUCT SEGMENT ANALYSIS
5.1. Global oleoresins market: Product overview
5.1.1. Global oleoresins market volume share by product, 2014 and 2020
5.2. Black Pepper
5.2.1. Global black pepper market, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
5.3. Paprika
5.3.1. Global paprika market, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
5.4. Capsicum
5.4.1. Global capsicum market, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
5.5. Tomato
5.5.1. Global tomato market, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
5.6. Marigold
5.6.1. Global marigold market, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
5.7. Turmeric
5.7.1. Global turmeric market, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
5.8. Others
5.8.1. Global other oleoresins market, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
CHAPTER 6. GLOBAL OLEORESINS MARKET APPLICATION SEGMENT ANALYSIS
6.1. Global oleoresins market: Application overview
6.1.1. Global oleoresins market volume share by application, 2014 and 2020
6.2. Food Beverage
6.2.1. Global oleoresins market for food beverage, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
6.3. Pharmaceutical
6.3.1. Global oleoresins market for pharmaceutical, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
6.4. Flavoring Coloring Agent
6.4.1. Global oleoresins market for flavoring coloring agent, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
6.5. Others
6.5.1. Global oleoresins market for other applications, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
CHAPTER 7. GLOBAL OLEORESINS MARKET REGIONAL SEGMENT ANALYSIS
7.1. Global oleoresins market: Regional overview
7.1.1. Global oleoresins market volume share, by region, 2014 and 2020
7.2. North America
7.2.1. North America oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020, ( Kilo Tons)
7.2.2. North America oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020, (USD Million)
7.2.3. North America oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.2.4. North America oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.2.5. U.S.
7.2.5.1. U.S. oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.2.5.2. U.S. oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.2.5.3. U.S. oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.2.5.4. U.S. oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.3. Europe
7.3.1. Europe oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons)
7.3.2. Europe oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.3.3. Europe oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.3.4. Europe oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.3.5. Germany
7.3.5.1. Germany oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020, ( Kilo Tons)
7.3.5.2. Germany oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020, (USD Million)
7.3.5.3. Germany oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020, ( Kilo Tons)
7.3.5.4. Germany oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020, (USD Million)
7.3.6. France
7.3.6.1. France oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020, ( Kilo Tons)
7.3.6.2. France oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020, (USD Million)
7.3.6.3. France oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020, ( Kilo Tons)
7.3.6.4. France oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020, (USD Million)
7.3.7. UK
7.3.7.1. UK oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.3.7.2. UK oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.3.7.3. UK oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.3.7.4. UK oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.4. Asia Pacific
7.4.1. Asia Pacific oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.4.2. Asia Pacific oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.4.3. Asia Pacific oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020, ( Kilo Tons)
7.4.4. Asia Pacific oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020, (USD Million)
7.4.5. China
7.4.5.1. China oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.4.5.2. China oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.4.5.3. China oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.4.5.4. China oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.4.6. Japan
7.4.6.1. Japan oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.4.6.2. Japan oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.4.6.3. Japan oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.4.6.4. Japan oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.4.7. India
7.4.7.1. India oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.4.7.2. India oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.4.7.3. India oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.4.7.4. India oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.5. Latin America
7.5.1. Latin America oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.5.2. Latin America oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.5.3. Latin America oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.5.4. Latin America oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.5.5. Brazil
7.5.5.1. Brazil oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.5.5.2. Brazil oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.5.5.3. Brazil oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.5.5.4. Brazil oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.6. Middle East and Africa
7.6.1. Middle East and Africa oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.6.2. Middle East and Africa oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.6.3. Middle East and Africa oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.6.4. Middle East and Africa oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
CHAPTER 8. COMPANY PROFILE
8.1. Adani Pharmachem Private Limited
8.1.1. Overview
8.1.2. Financials
8.1.3. Product portfolio
8.1.4. Business strategy
8.1.5. Recent developments
8.2. Kancor Ingredients Limited
8.2.1. Overview
8.2.2. Financials
8.2.3. Product portfolio
8.2.4. Business strategy
8.2.5. Recent developments
8.3. Plant Lipids
8.3.1. Overview
8.3.2. Financials
8.3.3. Product portfolio
8.3.4. Business strategy
8.3.5. Recent developments
8.4. Givaudan
8.4.1. Overview
8.4.2. Financials
8.4.3. Product portfolio
8.4.4. Business strategy
8.4.5. Recent developments
8.5. Ozone Naturals
8.5.1. Overview
8.5.2. Financials
8.5.3. Product portfolio
8.5.4. Business strategy
8.5.5. Recent developments
8.6. Universal Oleoresins
8.6.1. Overview
8.6.2. Financials
8.6.3. Product portfolio
8.6.4. Business strategy
8.6.5. Recent developments
8.7. Synthite Industries Ltd.
8.7.1. Overview
8.7.2. Financials
8.7.3. Product portfolio
8.7.4. Business strategy
8.7.5. Recent developments
8.8. Paprika Oleos India Limited.
8.8.1. Overview
8.8.2. Financials
8.8.3. Product portfolio
8.8.4. Business strategy
8.8.5. Recent developments
8.9. Asian Oleoresin Company
8.9.1. Overview
8.9.2. Financials
8.9.3. Product portfolio
8.9.4. Business strategy
8.9.5. Recent developments
1.1. Report description and scope
1.2. Research scope
1.3. Research methodology
1.3.1. Market research process
1.3.2. Market research methodology
CHAPTER 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.1. Global oleoresins market volume and revenue, 2014 - 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
2.2. Global oleoresins market: Snapshot
CHAPTER 3. OLEORESINS MARKET INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
3.1. Oleoresins: Market dynamics
3.2. Value chain analysis
3.3. Market drivers
3.3.1. Global oleoresins market drivers: Impact analysis
3.3.2. Growing demand from food beverage industry
3.4. Market restraints
3.4.1. Global oleoresins market restraints: Impact analysis
3.4.2. Lack of awareness
3.5. Opportunities
3.5.1. Market strategies
3.6. Porters five forces analysis
3.6.1. Bargaining power of suppliers
3.6.2. Bargaining power of buyers
3.6.3. Threat from new entrants
3.6.4. Threat from new substitutes
3.6.5. Degree of competition
3.7. Market attractiveness analysis
3.7.1. Market attractiveness analysis by product segment
3.7.2. Market attractiveness analysis by application segment
3.7.3. Market attractiveness analysis by regional segment
CHAPTER 4. GLOBAL OLEORESINS MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
4.1. Global oleoresins: company market share
4.2. Global oleoresins market: Production capacity (subject to data availability)
4.3. Global oleoresins market: Raw material analysis
4.4. Global oleoresins market : Price trend Analysis
CHAPTER 5. GLOBAL OLEORESINS MARKET PRODUCT SEGMENT ANALYSIS
5.1. Global oleoresins market: Product overview
5.1.1. Global oleoresins market volume share by product, 2014 and 2020
5.2. Black Pepper
5.2.1. Global black pepper market, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
5.3. Paprika
5.3.1. Global paprika market, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
5.4. Capsicum
5.4.1. Global capsicum market, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
5.5. Tomato
5.5.1. Global tomato market, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
5.6. Marigold
5.6.1. Global marigold market, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
5.7. Turmeric
5.7.1. Global turmeric market, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
5.8. Others
5.8.1. Global other oleoresins market, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
CHAPTER 6. GLOBAL OLEORESINS MARKET APPLICATION SEGMENT ANALYSIS
6.1. Global oleoresins market: Application overview
6.1.1. Global oleoresins market volume share by application, 2014 and 2020
6.2. Food Beverage
6.2.1. Global oleoresins market for food beverage, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
6.3. Pharmaceutical
6.3.1. Global oleoresins market for pharmaceutical, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
6.4. Flavoring Coloring Agent
6.4.1. Global oleoresins market for flavoring coloring agent, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
6.5. Others
6.5.1. Global oleoresins market for other applications, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons) (USD Million)
CHAPTER 7. GLOBAL OLEORESINS MARKET REGIONAL SEGMENT ANALYSIS
7.1. Global oleoresins market: Regional overview
7.1.1. Global oleoresins market volume share, by region, 2014 and 2020
7.2. North America
7.2.1. North America oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020, ( Kilo Tons)
7.2.2. North America oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020, (USD Million)
7.2.3. North America oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.2.4. North America oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.2.5. U.S.
7.2.5.1. U.S. oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.2.5.2. U.S. oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.2.5.3. U.S. oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.2.5.4. U.S. oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.3. Europe
7.3.1. Europe oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 (Kilo Tons)
7.3.2. Europe oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.3.3. Europe oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.3.4. Europe oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.3.5. Germany
7.3.5.1. Germany oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020, ( Kilo Tons)
7.3.5.2. Germany oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020, (USD Million)
7.3.5.3. Germany oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020, ( Kilo Tons)
7.3.5.4. Germany oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020, (USD Million)
7.3.6. France
7.3.6.1. France oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020, ( Kilo Tons)
7.3.6.2. France oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020, (USD Million)
7.3.6.3. France oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020, ( Kilo Tons)
7.3.6.4. France oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020, (USD Million)
7.3.7. UK
7.3.7.1. UK oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.3.7.2. UK oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.3.7.3. UK oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.3.7.4. UK oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.4. Asia Pacific
7.4.1. Asia Pacific oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.4.2. Asia Pacific oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.4.3. Asia Pacific oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020, ( Kilo Tons)
7.4.4. Asia Pacific oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020, (USD Million)
7.4.5. China
7.4.5.1. China oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.4.5.2. China oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.4.5.3. China oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.4.5.4. China oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.4.6. Japan
7.4.6.1. Japan oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.4.6.2. Japan oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.4.6.3. Japan oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.4.6.4. Japan oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.4.7. India
7.4.7.1. India oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.4.7.2. India oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.4.7.3. India oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.4.7.4. India oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.5. Latin America
7.5.1. Latin America oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.5.2. Latin America oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.5.3. Latin America oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.5.4. Latin America oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.5.5. Brazil
7.5.5.1. Brazil oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.5.5.2. Brazil oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.5.5.3. Brazil oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.5.5.4. Brazil oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.6. Middle East and Africa
7.6.1. Middle East and Africa oleoresins market volume, by product, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.6.2. Middle East and Africa oleoresins market revenue, by product, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
7.6.3. Middle East and Africa oleoresins market volume, by application, 2014 2020 ( Kilo Tons)
7.6.4. Middle East and Africa oleoresins market revenue, by application, 2014 2020 (USD Million)
CHAPTER 8. COMPANY PROFILE
8.1. Adani Pharmachem Private Limited
8.1.1. Overview
8.1.2. Financials
8.1.3. Product portfolio
8.1.4. Business strategy
8.1.5. Recent developments
8.2. Kancor Ingredients Limited
8.2.1. Overview
8.2.2. Financials
8.2.3. Product portfolio
8.2.4. Business strategy
8.2.5. Recent developments
8.3. Plant Lipids
8.3.1. Overview
8.3.2. Financials
8.3.3. Product portfolio
8.3.4. Business strategy
8.3.5. Recent developments
8.4. Givaudan
8.4.1. Overview
8.4.2. Financials
8.4.3. Product portfolio
8.4.4. Business strategy
8.4.5. Recent developments
8.5. Ozone Naturals
8.5.1. Overview
8.5.2. Financials
8.5.3. Product portfolio
8.5.4. Business strategy
8.5.5. Recent developments
8.6. Universal Oleoresins
8.6.1. Overview
8.6.2. Financials
8.6.3. Product portfolio
8.6.4. Business strategy
8.6.5. Recent developments
8.7. Synthite Industries Ltd.
8.7.1. Overview
8.7.2. Financials
8.7.3. Product portfolio
8.7.4. Business strategy
8.7.5. Recent developments
8.8. Paprika Oleos India Limited.
8.8.1. Overview
8.8.2. Financials
8.8.3. Product portfolio
8.8.4. Business strategy
8.8.5. Recent developments
8.9. Asian Oleoresin Company
8.9.1. Overview
8.9.2. Financials
8.9.3. Product portfolio
8.9.4. Business strategy
8.9.5. Recent developments
