Mine Scaler Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

April 2022 | 74 pages | ID: M0B83A2AA613EN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

Underground mining is carried out for the extraction of minerals and ores that are buried far below the earth’s surface. Mine scalers are underground mining equipment used for scaling mines.

This report contains market size and forecasts of Mine Scaler in global, including the following market information:

Global Mine Scaler Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Mine Scaler Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (K Units)

Global top five Mine Scaler companies in 2021 (%)

The global Mine Scaler market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Hammer Feed Scaler Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Mine Scaler include Astec Industries, Alamo Group, Ergo D?veloppement, Jama Mining Machines, Breaker Technology, NPK Construction Equipment, Getman Corporation and Fermel, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Mine Scaler manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Mine Scaler Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Mine Scaler Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Hammer Feed Scaler
• Vibratory Pick Scaler
• Boom Scaler

Global Mine Scaler Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Mine Scaler Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Open-cast Mining
• Underground Mining

Global Mine Scaler Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Mine Scaler Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Mine Scaler revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Mine Scaler revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Mine Scaler sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (K Units)

Key companies Mine Scaler sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• Astec Industries
• Alamo Group
• Ergo D?veloppement
• Jama Mining Machines
• Breaker Technology
• NPK Construction Equipment
• Getman Corporation
• Fermel

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Mine Scaler Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Mine Scaler Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL MINE SCALER OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Mine Scaler Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Mine Scaler Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Mine Scaler Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Mine Scaler Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Mine Scaler Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Mine Scaler Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Mine Scaler Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Mine Scaler Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Mine Scaler Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Mine Scaler Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Mine Scaler Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Mine Scaler Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Mine Scaler Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Mine Scaler Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Hammer Feed Scaler
  4.1.3 Vibratory Pick Scaler
  4.1.4 Boom Scaler
4.2 By Type - Global Mine Scaler Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Mine Scaler Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Mine Scaler Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Mine Scaler Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Mine Scaler Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Mine Scaler Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Mine Scaler Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Mine Scaler Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Mine Scaler Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Mine Scaler Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Open-cast Mining
  5.1.3 Underground Mining
5.2 By Application - Global Mine Scaler Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Mine Scaler Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Mine Scaler Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Mine Scaler Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Mine Scaler Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Mine Scaler Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Mine Scaler Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Mine Scaler Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Mine Scaler Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Mine Scaler Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Mine Scaler Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Mine Scaler Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Mine Scaler Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Mine Scaler Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Mine Scaler Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Mine Scaler Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Mine Scaler Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Mine Scaler Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Mine Scaler Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Mine Scaler Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Mine Scaler Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Mine Scaler Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Mine Scaler Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Mine Scaler Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Mine Scaler Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Mine Scaler Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Mine Scaler Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Mine Scaler Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Mine Scaler Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 Astec Industries
  7.1.1 Astec Industries Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 Astec Industries Business Overview
  7.1.3 Astec Industries Mine Scaler Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 Astec Industries Mine Scaler Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 Astec Industries Key News
7.2 Alamo Group
  7.2.1 Alamo Group Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 Alamo Group Business Overview
  7.2.3 Alamo Group Mine Scaler Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 Alamo Group Mine Scaler Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 Alamo Group Key News
7.3 Ergo D?veloppement
  7.3.1 Ergo D?veloppement Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Ergo D?veloppement Business Overview
  7.3.3 Ergo D?veloppement Mine Scaler Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Ergo D?veloppement Mine Scaler Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 Ergo D?veloppement Key News
7.4 Jama Mining Machines
  7.4.1 Jama Mining Machines Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Jama Mining Machines Business Overview
  7.4.3 Jama Mining Machines Mine Scaler Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Jama Mining Machines Mine Scaler Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 Jama Mining Machines Key News
7.5 Breaker Technology
  7.5.1 Breaker Technology Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Breaker Technology Business Overview
  7.5.3 Breaker Technology Mine Scaler Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Breaker Technology Mine Scaler Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 Breaker Technology Key News
7.6 NPK Construction Equipment
  7.6.1 NPK Construction Equipment Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 NPK Construction Equipment Business Overview
  7.6.3 NPK Construction Equipment Mine Scaler Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 NPK Construction Equipment Mine Scaler Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 NPK Construction Equipment Key News
7.7 Getman Corporation
  7.7.1 Getman Corporation Corporate Summary
  7.7.2 Getman Corporation Business Overview
  7.7.3 Getman Corporation Mine Scaler Major Product Offerings
  7.7.4 Getman Corporation Mine Scaler Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.7.5 Getman Corporation Key News
7.8 Fermel
  7.8.1 Fermel Corporate Summary
  7.8.2 Fermel Business Overview
  7.8.3 Fermel Mine Scaler Major Product Offerings
  7.8.4 Fermel Mine Scaler Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.8.5 Fermel Key News

8 GLOBAL MINE SCALER PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Mine Scaler Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Mine Scaler Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Mine Scaler Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 MINE SCALER SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Mine Scaler Industry Value Chain
10.2 Mine Scaler Upstream Market
10.3 Mine Scaler Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Mine Scaler Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Mine Scaler in Global Market
Table 2. Top Mine Scaler Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Mine Scaler Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Mine Scaler Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Mine Scaler Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Mine Scaler Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Mine Scaler Price (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Mine Scaler Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Mine Scaler Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Mine Scaler Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Mine Scaler Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Mine Scaler Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Mine Scaler Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Mine Scaler Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Mine Scaler Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Mine Scaler Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Mine Scaler Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Mine Scaler Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Mine Scaler Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Mine Scaler Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Mine Scaler Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Mine Scaler Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Mine Scaler Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Mine Scaler Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Mine Scaler Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Mine Scaler Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Mine Scaler Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Mine Scaler Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Mine Scaler Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Mine Scaler Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mine Scaler Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mine Scaler Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. Astec Industries Corporate Summary
Table 47. Astec Industries Mine Scaler Product Offerings
Table 48. Astec Industries Mine Scaler Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Alamo Group Corporate Summary
Table 50. Alamo Group Mine Scaler Product Offerings
Table 51. Alamo Group Mine Scaler Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Ergo D?veloppement Corporate Summary
Table 53. Ergo D?veloppement Mine Scaler Product Offerings
Table 54. Ergo D?veloppement Mine Scaler Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Jama Mining Machines Corporate Summary
Table 56. Jama Mining Machines Mine Scaler Product Offerings
Table 57. Jama Mining Machines Mine Scaler Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Breaker Technology Corporate Summary
Table 59. Breaker Technology Mine Scaler Product Offerings
Table 60. Breaker Technology Mine Scaler Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. NPK Construction Equipment Corporate Summary
Table 62. NPK Construction Equipment Mine Scaler Product Offerings
Table 63. NPK Construction Equipment Mine Scaler Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Getman Corporation Corporate Summary
Table 65. Getman Corporation Mine Scaler Product Offerings
Table 66. Getman Corporation Mine Scaler Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Fermel Corporate Summary
Table 68. Fermel Mine Scaler Product Offerings
Table 69. Fermel Mine Scaler Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 70. Mine Scaler Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 71. Global Mine Scaler Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 72. Global Mine Scaler Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 73. Global Mine Scaler Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 74. Mine Scaler Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 75. Mine Scaler Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 76. Mine Scaler Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 77. Mine Scaler Raw Materials
Table 78. Mine Scaler Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 79. Typical Mine Scaler Downstream
Table 80. Mine Scaler Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 81. Mine Scaler Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Mine Scaler Segment by Type
Figure 2. Mine Scaler Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Mine Scaler Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Mine Scaler Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Mine Scaler Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Mine Scaler Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Mine Scaler Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Mine Scaler Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Mine Scaler Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Mine Scaler Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Mine Scaler Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Mine Scaler Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Mine Scaler Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Mine Scaler Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Mine Scaler Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Mine Scaler Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Mine Scaler Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Mine Scaler Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Mine Scaler Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Mine Scaler Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Mine Scaler Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Mine Scaler Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Mine Scaler Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mine Scaler Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mine Scaler Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Mine Scaler Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Mine Scaler Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Mine Scaler by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Mine Scaler Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels