Micro Scales Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

March 2022 | 77 pages | ID: M828E545799EEN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

This report contains market size and forecasts of Micro Scales in global, including the following market information:

Global Micro Scales Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Micro Scales Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (K Units)

Global top five Micro Scales companies in 2021 (%)

The global Micro Scales market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Digital Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Micro Scales include Mettler-Toledo (Schweiz) GmbH, Sartorius AG, Citizen Scales (India), CI Precision, INFICON, OHAUS, PerkinElmer, Scientech and Stanford Research Systems. etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Micro Scales manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Micro Scales Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Micro Scales Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Digital
• Machenical
• Others

Global Micro Scales Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Micro Scales Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Automotive
• Oil & Gas
• Electronics
• Others

Global Micro Scales Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Micro Scales Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Micro Scales revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Micro Scales revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Micro Scales sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (K Units)

Key companies Micro Scales sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• Mettler-Toledo (Schweiz) GmbH
• Sartorius AG
• Citizen Scales (India)
• CI Precision
• INFICON
• OHAUS
• PerkinElmer
• Scientech
• Stanford Research Systems

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Micro Scales Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Micro Scales Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL MICRO SCALES OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Micro Scales Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Micro Scales Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Micro Scales Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Micro Scales Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Micro Scales Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Micro Scales Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Micro Scales Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Micro Scales Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Micro Scales Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Micro Scales Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Micro Scales Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Micro Scales Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Micro Scales Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Micro Scales Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Digital
  4.1.3 Machenical
  4.1.4 Others
4.2 By Type - Global Micro Scales Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Micro Scales Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Micro Scales Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Micro Scales Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Micro Scales Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Micro Scales Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Micro Scales Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Micro Scales Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Micro Scales Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Micro Scales Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Automotive
  5.1.3 Oil & Gas
  5.1.4 Electronics
  5.1.5 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Micro Scales Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Micro Scales Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Micro Scales Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Micro Scales Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Micro Scales Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Micro Scales Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Micro Scales Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Micro Scales Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Micro Scales Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Micro Scales Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Micro Scales Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Micro Scales Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Micro Scales Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Micro Scales Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Micro Scales Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Micro Scales Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Micro Scales Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Micro Scales Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Micro Scales Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Micro Scales Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Micro Scales Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Micro Scales Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Micro Scales Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Micro Scales Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Micro Scales Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Micro Scales Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Micro Scales Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Micro Scales Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Micro Scales Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 Mettler-Toledo (Schweiz) GmbH
  7.1.1 Mettler-Toledo (Schweiz) GmbH Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 Mettler-Toledo (Schweiz) GmbH Business Overview
  7.1.3 Mettler-Toledo (Schweiz) GmbH Micro Scales Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 Mettler-Toledo (Schweiz) GmbH Micro Scales Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 Mettler-Toledo (Schweiz) GmbH Key News
7.2 Sartorius AG
  7.2.1 Sartorius AG Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 Sartorius AG Business Overview
  7.2.3 Sartorius AG Micro Scales Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 Sartorius AG Micro Scales Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 Sartorius AG Key News
7.3 Citizen Scales (India)
  7.3.1 Citizen Scales (India) Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Citizen Scales (India) Business Overview
  7.3.3 Citizen Scales (India) Micro Scales Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Citizen Scales (India) Micro Scales Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 Citizen Scales (India) Key News
7.4 CI Precision
  7.4.1 CI Precision Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 CI Precision Business Overview
  7.4.3 CI Precision Micro Scales Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 CI Precision Micro Scales Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 CI Precision Key News
7.5 INFICON
  7.5.1 INFICON Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 INFICON Business Overview
  7.5.3 INFICON Micro Scales Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 INFICON Micro Scales Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 INFICON Key News
7.6 OHAUS
  7.6.1 OHAUS Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 OHAUS Business Overview
  7.6.3 OHAUS Micro Scales Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 OHAUS Micro Scales Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 OHAUS Key News
7.7 PerkinElmer
  7.7.1 PerkinElmer Corporate Summary
  7.7.2 PerkinElmer Business Overview
  7.7.3 PerkinElmer Micro Scales Major Product Offerings
  7.7.4 PerkinElmer Micro Scales Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.7.5 PerkinElmer Key News
7.8 Scientech
  7.8.1 Scientech Corporate Summary
  7.8.2 Scientech Business Overview
  7.8.3 Scientech Micro Scales Major Product Offerings
  7.8.4 Scientech Micro Scales Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.8.5 Scientech Key News
7.9 Stanford Research Systems
  7.9.1 Stanford Research Systems Corporate Summary
  7.9.2 Stanford Research Systems Business Overview
  7.9.3 Stanford Research Systems Micro Scales Major Product Offerings
  7.9.4 Stanford Research Systems Micro Scales Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.9.5 Stanford Research Systems Key News

8 GLOBAL MICRO SCALES PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Micro Scales Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Micro Scales Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Micro Scales Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 MICRO SCALES SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Micro Scales Industry Value Chain
10.2 Micro Scales Upstream Market
10.3 Micro Scales Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Micro Scales Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Micro Scales in Global Market
Table 2. Top Micro Scales Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Micro Scales Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Micro Scales Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Micro Scales Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Micro Scales Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Micro Scales Price (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Micro Scales Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Micro Scales Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Micro Scales Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Micro Scales Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Micro Scales Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Micro Scales Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Micro Scales Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Micro Scales Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Micro Scales Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Micro Scales Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Micro Scales Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Micro Scales Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Micro Scales Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Micro Scales Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Micro Scales Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Micro Scales Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Micro Scales Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Micro Scales Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Micro Scales Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Micro Scales Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Micro Scales Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Micro Scales Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Micro Scales Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Micro Scales Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Micro Scales Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. Mettler-Toledo (Schweiz) GmbH Corporate Summary
Table 47. Mettler-Toledo (Schweiz) GmbH Micro Scales Product Offerings
Table 48. Mettler-Toledo (Schweiz) GmbH Micro Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Sartorius AG Corporate Summary
Table 50. Sartorius AG Micro Scales Product Offerings
Table 51. Sartorius AG Micro Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Citizen Scales (India) Corporate Summary
Table 53. Citizen Scales (India) Micro Scales Product Offerings
Table 54. Citizen Scales (India) Micro Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. CI Precision Corporate Summary
Table 56. CI Precision Micro Scales Product Offerings
Table 57. CI Precision Micro Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. INFICON Corporate Summary
Table 59. INFICON Micro Scales Product Offerings
Table 60. INFICON Micro Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. OHAUS Corporate Summary
Table 62. OHAUS Micro Scales Product Offerings
Table 63. OHAUS Micro Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 64. PerkinElmer Corporate Summary
Table 65. PerkinElmer Micro Scales Product Offerings
Table 66. PerkinElmer Micro Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Scientech Corporate Summary
Table 68. Scientech Micro Scales Product Offerings
Table 69. Scientech Micro Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 70. Stanford Research Systems Corporate Summary
Table 71. Stanford Research Systems Micro Scales Product Offerings
Table 72. Stanford Research Systems Micro Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 73. Micro Scales Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 74. Global Micro Scales Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 75. Global Micro Scales Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 76. Global Micro Scales Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 77. Micro Scales Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 78. Micro Scales Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 79. Micro Scales Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 80. Micro Scales Raw Materials
Table 81. Micro Scales Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 82. Typical Micro Scales Downstream
Table 83. Micro Scales Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 84. Micro Scales Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Micro Scales Segment by Type
Figure 2. Micro Scales Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Micro Scales Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Micro Scales Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Micro Scales Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Micro Scales Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Micro Scales Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Micro Scales Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Micro Scales Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Micro Scales Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Micro Scales Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Micro Scales Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Micro Scales Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Micro Scales Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Micro Scales Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Micro Scales Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Micro Scales Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Micro Scales Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Micro Scales Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Micro Scales Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Micro Scales Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Micro Scales Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Micro Scales Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Micro Scales Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Micro Scales Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Micro Scales Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Micro Scales Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Micro Scales by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Micro Scales Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels