Lifting Jack Market - Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

January 2022 | 70 pages | ID: L24787B9FEA7EN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

A jack is a mechanical lifting device used to apply great forces or lift heavy loads. A mechanical jack employs a screw thread for lifting heavy equipment. A hydraulic jack uses hydraulic power.

This report contains market size and forecasts of Lifting Jack in global, including the following market information:

Global Lifting Jack Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Lifting Jack Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (K Units)

Global top five Lifting Jack companies in 2021 (%)

The global Lifting Jack market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Mechanical Type Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Lifting Jack include Enerpac, Neuero Technology GmbH, Omega, Hegenscheidt-MFD, Power Team, Pfaff-silberblau, Gray Manufacturing and SUN RUN, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Lifting Jack manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Lifting Jack Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Lifting Jack Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Mechanical Type
• Hydraulic Type

Global Lifting Jack Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Lifting Jack Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Automotive industry
• Achitechive Industry
• Other

Global Lifting Jack Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Lifting Jack Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Lifting Jack revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Lifting Jack revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Lifting Jack sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (K Units)

Key companies Lifting Jack sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• Enerpac
• Neuero Technology GmbH
• Omega
• Hegenscheidt-MFD
• Power Team
• Pfaff-silberblau
• Gray Manufacturing
• SUN RUN

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Lifting Jack Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Lifting Jack Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL LIFTING JACK OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Lifting Jack Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Lifting Jack Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Lifting Jack Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Lifting Jack Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Lifting Jack Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Lifting Jack Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Lifting Jack Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Lifting Jack Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Lifting Jack Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Lifting Jack Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Lifting Jack Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Lifting Jack Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Lifting Jack Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Lifting Jack Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Mechanical Type
  4.1.3 Hydraulic Type
4.2 By Type - Global Lifting Jack Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Lifting Jack Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Lifting Jack Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Lifting Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Lifting Jack Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Lifting Jack Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Lifting Jack Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Lifting Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Lifting Jack Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Lifting Jack Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Automotive industry
  5.1.3 Achitechive Industry
  5.1.4 Other
5.2 By Application - Global Lifting Jack Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Lifting Jack Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Lifting Jack Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Lifting Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Lifting Jack Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Lifting Jack Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Lifting Jack Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Lifting Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Lifting Jack Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Lifting Jack Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Lifting Jack Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Lifting Jack Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Lifting Jack Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Lifting Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Lifting Jack Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Lifting Jack Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Lifting Jack Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Lifting Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Lifting Jack Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Lifting Jack Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Lifting Jack Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Lifting Jack Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Lifting Jack Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Lifting Jack Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Lifting Jack Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Lifting Jack Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Lifting Jack Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Lifting Jack Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Lifting Jack Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 Enerpac
  7.1.1 Enerpac Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 Enerpac Business Overview
  7.1.3 Enerpac Lifting Jack Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 Enerpac Lifting Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 Enerpac Key News
7.2 Neuero Technology GmbH
  7.2.1 Neuero Technology GmbH Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 Neuero Technology GmbH Business Overview
  7.2.3 Neuero Technology GmbH Lifting Jack Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 Neuero Technology GmbH Lifting Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 Neuero Technology GmbH Key News
7.3 Omega
  7.3.1 Omega Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Omega Business Overview
  7.3.3 Omega Lifting Jack Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Omega Lifting Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 Omega Key News
7.4 Hegenscheidt-MFD
  7.4.1 Hegenscheidt-MFD Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Hegenscheidt-MFD Business Overview
  7.4.3 Hegenscheidt-MFD Lifting Jack Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Hegenscheidt-MFD Lifting Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 Hegenscheidt-MFD Key News
7.5 Power Team
  7.5.1 Power Team Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Power Team Business Overview
  7.5.3 Power Team Lifting Jack Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Power Team Lifting Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 Power Team Key News
7.6 Pfaff-silberblau
  7.6.1 Pfaff-silberblau Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 Pfaff-silberblau Business Overview
  7.6.3 Pfaff-silberblau Lifting Jack Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 Pfaff-silberblau Lifting Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 Pfaff-silberblau Key News
7.7 Gray Manufacturing
  7.7.1 Gray Manufacturing Corporate Summary
  7.7.2 Gray Manufacturing Business Overview
  7.7.3 Gray Manufacturing Lifting Jack Major Product Offerings
  7.7.4 Gray Manufacturing Lifting Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.7.5 Gray Manufacturing Key News
7.8 SUN RUN
  7.8.1 SUN RUN Corporate Summary
  7.8.2 SUN RUN Business Overview
  7.8.3 SUN RUN Lifting Jack Major Product Offerings
  7.8.4 SUN RUN Lifting Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.8.5 SUN RUN Key News

8 GLOBAL LIFTING JACK PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Lifting Jack Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Lifting Jack Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Lifting Jack Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 LIFTING JACK SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Lifting Jack Industry Value Chain
10.2 Lifting Jack Upstream Market
10.3 Lifting Jack Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Lifting Jack Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Lifting Jack in Global Market
Table 2. Top Lifting Jack Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Lifting Jack Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Lifting Jack Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Lifting Jack Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Lifting Jack Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Lifting Jack Price (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Lifting Jack Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Lifting Jack Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Lifting Jack Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Lifting Jack Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Lifting Jack Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Lifting Jack Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Lifting Jack Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Lifting Jack Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Lifting Jack Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Lifting Jack Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Lifting Jack Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Lifting Jack Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Lifting Jack Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Lifting Jack Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Lifting Jack Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Lifting Jack Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Lifting Jack Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Lifting Jack Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Lifting Jack Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Lifting Jack Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Lifting Jack Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Lifting Jack Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Lifting Jack Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Lifting Jack Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Lifting Jack Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. Enerpac Corporate Summary
Table 47. Enerpac Lifting Jack Product Offerings
Table 48. Enerpac Lifting Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Neuero Technology GmbH Corporate Summary
Table 50. Neuero Technology GmbH Lifting Jack Product Offerings
Table 51. Neuero Technology GmbH Lifting Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Omega Corporate Summary
Table 53. Omega Lifting Jack Product Offerings
Table 54. Omega Lifting Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Hegenscheidt-MFD Corporate Summary
Table 56. Hegenscheidt-MFD Lifting Jack Product Offerings
Table 57. Hegenscheidt-MFD Lifting Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Power Team Corporate Summary
Table 59. Power Team Lifting Jack Product Offerings
Table 60. Power Team Lifting Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Pfaff-silberblau Corporate Summary
Table 62. Pfaff-silberblau Lifting Jack Product Offerings
Table 63. Pfaff-silberblau Lifting Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Gray Manufacturing Corporate Summary
Table 65. Gray Manufacturing Lifting Jack Product Offerings
Table 66. Gray Manufacturing Lifting Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 67. SUN RUN Corporate Summary
Table 68. SUN RUN Lifting Jack Product Offerings
Table 69. SUN RUN Lifting Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 70. Lifting Jack Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 71. Global Lifting Jack Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 72. Global Lifting Jack Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 73. Global Lifting Jack Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 74. Lifting Jack Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 75. Lifting Jack Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 76. Lifting Jack Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 77. Lifting Jack Raw Materials
Table 78. Lifting Jack Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 79. Typical Lifting Jack Downstream
Table 80. Lifting Jack Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 81. Lifting Jack Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Lifting Jack Segment by Type
Figure 2. Lifting Jack Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Lifting Jack Market Overview: 2020
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Lifting Jack Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Lifting Jack Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Lifting Jack Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Lifting Jack Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Lifting Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Lifting Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Lifting Jack Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Lifting Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Lifting Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Lifting Jack Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Lifting Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Lifting Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Lifting Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Lifting Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Lifting Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Lifting Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Lifting Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Lifting Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Lifting Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Lifting Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Lifting Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Lifting Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Lifting Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Lifting Jack Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Lifting Jack by Region, 2020 VS 2027
Figure 50. Lifting Jack Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels