Laboratory ORP Meters Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

April 2022 | 73 pages | ID: L486261080FFEN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

A laboratory ORP meter is a precise measurement instrument which is used to measure oxidation reduction potential which indicates the degree to which a substance is capable of oxidizing or reducing another substance.

This report contains market size and forecasts of Laboratory ORP Meters in global, including the following market information:

Global Laboratory ORP Meters Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Laboratory ORP Meters Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (K Units)

Global top five Laboratory ORP Meters companies in 2021 (%)

The global Laboratory ORP Meters market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Single Channel Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Laboratory ORP Meters include Thermo Fisher Scientific, HORIBA, TPS, Sensorex and Hach, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Laboratory ORP Meters manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Laboratory ORP Meters Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Laboratory ORP Meters Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Single Channel
• Dual Channel
• Multi Channel

Global Laboratory ORP Meters Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Laboratory ORP Meters Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Research Laboratory
• Process Control Laboratory
• Others

Global Laboratory ORP Meters Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Laboratory ORP Meters Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Laboratory ORP Meters revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Laboratory ORP Meters revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Laboratory ORP Meters sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (K Units)

Key companies Laboratory ORP Meters sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• Thermo Fisher Scientific
• HORIBA
• TPS
• Sensorex
• Hach

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Laboratory ORP Meters Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Laboratory ORP Meters Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL LABORATORY ORP METERS OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Laboratory ORP Meters Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Laboratory ORP Meters Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Laboratory ORP Meters Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Laboratory ORP Meters Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Laboratory ORP Meters Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Laboratory ORP Meters Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Laboratory ORP Meters Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Laboratory ORP Meters Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Single Channel
  4.1.3 Dual Channel
  4.1.4 Multi Channel
4.2 By Type - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Research Laboratory
  5.1.3 Process Control Laboratory
  5.1.4 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 Thermo Fisher Scientific
  7.1.1 Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 Thermo Fisher Scientific Business Overview
  7.1.3 Thermo Fisher Scientific Laboratory ORP Meters Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 Thermo Fisher Scientific Laboratory ORP Meters Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 Thermo Fisher Scientific Key News
7.2 HORIBA
  7.2.1 HORIBA Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 HORIBA Business Overview
  7.2.3 HORIBA Laboratory ORP Meters Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 HORIBA Laboratory ORP Meters Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 HORIBA Key News
7.3 TPS
  7.3.1 TPS Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 TPS Business Overview
  7.3.3 TPS Laboratory ORP Meters Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 TPS Laboratory ORP Meters Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 TPS Key News
7.4 Sensorex
  7.4.1 Sensorex Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Sensorex Business Overview
  7.4.3 Sensorex Laboratory ORP Meters Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Sensorex Laboratory ORP Meters Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 Sensorex Key News
7.5 Hach
  7.5.1 Hach Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Hach Business Overview
  7.5.3 Hach Laboratory ORP Meters Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Hach Laboratory ORP Meters Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 Hach Key News

8 GLOBAL LABORATORY ORP METERS PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Laboratory ORP Meters Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Laboratory ORP Meters Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Laboratory ORP Meters Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 LABORATORY ORP METERS SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Laboratory ORP Meters Industry Value Chain
10.2 Laboratory ORP Meters Upstream Market
10.3 Laboratory ORP Meters Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Laboratory ORP Meters Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Laboratory ORP Meters in Global Market
Table 2. Top Laboratory ORP Meters Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Laboratory ORP Meters Price (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Laboratory ORP Meters Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Laboratory ORP Meters Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Laboratory ORP Meters Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Laboratory ORP Meters Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporate Summary
Table 47. Thermo Fisher Scientific Laboratory ORP Meters Product Offerings
Table 48. Thermo Fisher Scientific Laboratory ORP Meters Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. HORIBA Corporate Summary
Table 50. HORIBA Laboratory ORP Meters Product Offerings
Table 51. HORIBA Laboratory ORP Meters Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. TPS Corporate Summary
Table 53. TPS Laboratory ORP Meters Product Offerings
Table 54. TPS Laboratory ORP Meters Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Sensorex Corporate Summary
Table 56. Sensorex Laboratory ORP Meters Product Offerings
Table 57. Sensorex Laboratory ORP Meters Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Hach Corporate Summary
Table 59. Hach Laboratory ORP Meters Product Offerings
Table 60. Hach Laboratory ORP Meters Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Laboratory ORP Meters Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 62. Global Laboratory ORP Meters Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 63. Global Laboratory ORP Meters Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 64. Global Laboratory ORP Meters Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 65. Laboratory ORP Meters Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 66. Laboratory ORP Meters Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 67. Laboratory ORP Meters Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 68. Laboratory ORP Meters Raw Materials
Table 69. Laboratory ORP Meters Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 70. Typical Laboratory ORP Meters Downstream
Table 71. Laboratory ORP Meters Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 72. Laboratory ORP Meters Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Laboratory ORP Meters Segment by Type
Figure 2. Laboratory ORP Meters Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Laboratory ORP Meters Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Laboratory ORP Meters Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Laboratory ORP Meters Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Laboratory ORP Meters Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Laboratory ORP Meters Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Laboratory ORP Meters Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Laboratory ORP Meters Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Laboratory ORP Meters Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Laboratory ORP Meters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Laboratory ORP Meters Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Laboratory ORP Meters by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Laboratory ORP Meters Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels