Ink Cartridges Market - Global Outlook and Forecast 2021-2027

January 2021 | 94 pages | ID: IC04F387615CEN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

This report contains market size and forecasts of Ink Cartridges in global, including the following market information:
Global Ink Cartridges Market Revenue, 2016-2021, 2022-2027, ($ millions)
Global Ink Cartridges Market Sales, 2016-2021, 2022-2027, (Million Units)
Global top five Ink Cartridges companies in 2020 (%)
The global Ink Cartridges market was valued at 10410 million in 2020 and is projected to reach US$ 9563.3 million by 2027, at a CAGR of -2.1% during the forecast period.
MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Ink Cartridges manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Ink Cartridges Market, By Type, 2016-2021, 2022-2027 ($ Millions) & (Million Units)
Global Ink Cartridges Market Segment Percentages, By Type, 2020 (%)

• One-piece Ink Cartridge
• Split Ink Cartridges

Global Ink Cartridges Market, By Application, 2016-2021, 2022-2027 ($ Millions) & (Million Units)
Global Ink Cartridges Market Segment Percentages, By Application, 2020 (%)

• Inkjet Printers
• Inkjet Fax Machine
• All in One Machine

Global Ink Cartridges Market, By Region and Country, 2016-2021, 2022-2027 ($ Millions) & (Million Units)
Global Ink Cartridges Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2020 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Ink Cartridges revenues in global market, 2016-2021 (Estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Ink Cartridges revenues share in global market, 2020 (%)
Key companies Ink Cartridges sales in global market, 2016-2021 (Estimated), (Million Units)
Key companies Ink Cartridges sales share in global market, 2020 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• HP
• Canon
• Epson
• Brother
• Ricoh
• Lenovo
• Lexmark
• Ninestar
• PrintRite

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Ink Cartridges Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Ink Cartridges Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL INK CARTRIDGES OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Ink Cartridges Market Size: 2021 VS 2027
2.2 Global Ink Cartridges Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2016-2027
2.3 Global Ink Cartridges Sales (Consumption): 2016-2027

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Ink Cartridges Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Ink Cartridges Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Ink Cartridges Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Ink Cartridges Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Ink Cartridges Price by Manufacturer (2016-2021)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Ink Cartridges Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2020
3.7 Global Manufacturers Ink Cartridges Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Ink Cartridges Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Ink Cartridges Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Ink Cartridges Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Ink Cartridges Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2027
  4.1.2 One-piece Ink Cartridge
  4.1.3 Split Ink Cartridges
4.2 By Type - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue, 2016-2021
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue, 2022-2027
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
4.3 By Type - Global Ink Cartridges Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Ink Cartridges Sales, 2016-2021
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Ink Cartridges Sales, 2022-2027
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Ink Cartridges Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
4.4 By Type - Global Ink Cartridges Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2016-2027

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2021 & 2027
  5.1.2 Inkjet Printers
  5.1.3 Inkjet Fax Machine
  5.1.4 All in One Machine
5.2 By Application - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue, 2016-2021
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue, 2022-2027
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
5.3 By Application - Global Ink Cartridges Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Ink Cartridges Sales, 2016-2021
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Ink Cartridges Sales, 2022-2027
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Ink Cartridges Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
5.4 By Application - Global Ink Cartridges Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2016-2027

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2021 & 2027
6.2 By Region - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue, 2016-2021
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue, 2022-2027
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
6.3 By Region - Global Ink Cartridges Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Ink Cartridges Sales, 2016-2021
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Ink Cartridges Sales, 2022-2027
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Ink Cartridges Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Ink Cartridges Revenue, 2016-2027
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Ink Cartridges Sales, 2016-2027
  6.4.3 US Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
  6.4.4 Canada Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
  6.4.5 Mexico Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Ink Cartridges Revenue, 2016-2027
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Ink Cartridges Sales, 2016-2027
  6.5.3 Germany Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
  6.5.4 France Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
  6.5.5 U.K. Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
  6.5.6 Italy Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
  6.5.7 Russia Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
  6.5.9 Benelux Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Ink Cartridges Revenue, 2016-2027
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Ink Cartridges Sales, 2016-2027
  6.6.3 China Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
  6.6.4 Japan Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
  6.6.5 South Korea Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
  6.6.7 India Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Ink Cartridges Revenue, 2016-2027
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Ink Cartridges Sales, 2016-2027
  6.7.3 Brazil Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
  6.7.4 Argentina Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Ink Cartridges Revenue, 2016-2027
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Ink Cartridges Sales, 2016-2027
  6.8.3 Turkey Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
  6.8.4 Israel Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027
  6.8.6 UAE Ink Cartridges Market Size, 2016-2027

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 HP
  7.1.1 HP Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 HP Business Overview
  7.1.3 HP Ink Cartridges Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 HP Ink Cartridges Sales and Revenue in Global (2016-2021)
  7.1.5 HP Key News
7.2 Canon
  7.2.1 Canon Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 Canon Business Overview
  7.2.3 Canon Ink Cartridges Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 Canon Ink Cartridges Sales and Revenue in Global (2016-2021)
  7.2.5 Canon Key News
7.3 Epson
  7.3.1 Epson Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Epson Business Overview
  7.3.3 Epson Ink Cartridges Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Epson Ink Cartridges Sales and Revenue in Global (2016-2021)
  7.3.5 Epson Key News
7.4 Brother
  7.4.1 Brother Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Brother Business Overview
  7.4.3 Brother Ink Cartridges Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Brother Ink Cartridges Sales and Revenue in Global (2016-2021)
  7.4.5 Brother Key News
7.5 Ricoh
  7.5.1 Ricoh Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Ricoh Business Overview
  7.5.3 Ricoh Ink Cartridges Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Ricoh Ink Cartridges Sales and Revenue in Global (2016-2021)
  7.5.5 Ricoh Key News
7.6 Lenovo
  7.6.1 Lenovo Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 Lenovo Business Overview
  7.6.3 Lenovo Ink Cartridges Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 Lenovo Ink Cartridges Sales and Revenue in Global (2016-2021)
  7.6.5 Lenovo Key News
7.7 Lexmark
  7.7.1 Lexmark Corporate Summary
  7.7.2 Lexmark Business Overview
  7.7.3 Lexmark Ink Cartridges Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Lexmark Ink Cartridges Sales and Revenue in Global (2016-2021)
  7.7.5 Lexmark Key News
7.8 Ninestar
  7.8.1 Ninestar Corporate Summary
  7.8.2 Ninestar Business Overview
  7.8.3 Ninestar Ink Cartridges Major Product Offerings
  7.8.4 Ninestar Ink Cartridges Sales and Revenue in Global (2016-2021)
  7.8.5 Ninestar Key News
7.9 PrintRite
  7.9.1 PrintRite Corporate Summary
  7.9.2 PrintRite Business Overview
  7.9.3 PrintRite Ink Cartridges Major Product Offerings
  7.9.4 PrintRite Ink Cartridges Sales and Revenue in Global (2016-2021)
  7.9.5 PrintRite Key News

8 GLOBAL INK CARTRIDGES PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Ink Cartridges Production Capacity, 2016-2027
8.2 Ink Cartridges Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Ink Cartridges Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 INK CARTRIDGES SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Ink Cartridges Industry Value Chain
10.2 Ink Cartridges Upstream Market
10.3 Ink Cartridges Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Ink Cartridges Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Ink Cartridges in Global Market
Table 2. Top Ink Cartridges Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2019)
Table 3. Global Ink Cartridges Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2016-2021
Table 4. Global Ink Cartridges Revenue Share by Companies, 2016-2021
Table 5. Global Ink Cartridges Sales by Companies, (Million Units), 2016-2021
Table 6. Global Ink Cartridges Sales Share by Companies, 2016-2021
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Ink Cartridges Price (2016-2021) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Ink Cartridges Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Ink Cartridges Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2020 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Ink Cartridges Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2020 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2027
Table 12. By Type - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue (US$, Mn), 2016-2021
Table 13. By Type - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue (US$, Mn), 2022-2027
Table 14. By Type - Global Ink Cartridges Sales (Million Units), 2016-2021
Table 15. By Type - Global Ink Cartridges Sales (Million Units), 2022-2027
Table 16. By Application – Global Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2027
Table 17. By Application - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue (US$, Mn), 2016-2021
Table 18. By Application - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue (US$, Mn), 2022-2027
Table 19. By Application - Global Ink Cartridges Sales (Million Units), 2016-2021
Table 20. By Application - Global Ink Cartridges Sales (Million Units), 2022-2027
Table 21. By Region – Global Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2027
Table 22. By Region - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue (US$, Mn), 2016-2021
Table 23. By Region - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue (US$, Mn), 2022-2027
Table 24. By Region - Global Ink Cartridges Sales (Million Units), 2016-2021
Table 25. By Region - Global Ink Cartridges Sales (Million Units), 2022-2027
Table 26. By Country - North America Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2021
Table 27. By Country - North America Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022-2027
Table 28. By Country - North America Ink Cartridges Sales, (Million Units), 2016-2021
Table 29. By Country - North America Ink Cartridges Sales, (Million Units), 2022-2027
Table 30. By Country - Europe Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2021
Table 31. By Country - Europe Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022-2027
Table 32. By Country - Europe Ink Cartridges Sales, (Million Units), 2016-2021
Table 33. By Country - Europe Ink Cartridges Sales, (Million Units), 2022-2027
Table 34. By Region - Asia Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2021
Table 35. By Region - Asia Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022-2027
Table 36. By Region - Asia Ink Cartridges Sales, (Million Units), 2016-2021
Table 37. By Region - Asia Ink Cartridges Sales, (Million Units), 2022-2027
Table 38. By Country - South America Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2021
Table 39. By Country - South America Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022-2027
Table 40. By Country - South America Ink Cartridges Sales, (Million Units), 2016-2021
Table 41. By Country - South America Ink Cartridges Sales, (Million Units), 2022-2027
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2021
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022-2027
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Ink Cartridges Sales, (Million Units), 2016-2021
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Ink Cartridges Sales, (Million Units), 2022-2027
Table 46. HP Corporate Summary
Table 47. HP Ink Cartridges Product Offerings
Table 48. HP Ink Cartridges Sales (Million Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 49. Canon Corporate Summary
Table 50. Canon Ink Cartridges Product Offerings
Table 51. Canon Ink Cartridges Sales (Million Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 52. Epson Corporate Summary
Table 53. Epson Ink Cartridges Product Offerings
Table 54. Epson Ink Cartridges Sales (Million Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 55. Brother Corporate Summary
Table 56. Brother Ink Cartridges Product Offerings
Table 57. Brother Ink Cartridges Sales (Million Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 58. Ricoh Corporate Summary
Table 59. Ricoh Ink Cartridges Product Offerings
Table 60. Ricoh Ink Cartridges Sales (Million Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 61. Lenovo Corporate Summary
Table 62. Lenovo Ink Cartridges Product Offerings
Table 63. Lenovo Ink Cartridges Sales (Million Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 64. Lexmark Corporate Summary
Table 65. Lexmark Ink Cartridges Product Offerings
Table 66. Lexmark Ink Cartridges Sales (Million Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 67. Ninestar Corporate Summary
Table 68. Ninestar Ink Cartridges Product Offerings
Table 69. Ninestar Ink Cartridges Sales (Million Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 70. PrintRite Corporate Summary
Table 71. PrintRite Ink Cartridges Product Offerings
Table 72. PrintRite Ink Cartridges Sales (Million Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 73. Ink Cartridges Production Capacity (Million Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2019-2021 (Million Units)
Table 74. Global Ink Cartridges Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2019-2021
Table 75. Global Ink Cartridges Production by Region, 2016-2021 (Million Units)
Table 76. Global Ink Cartridges Production by Region, 2022-2027 (Million Units)
Table 77. Ink Cartridges Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 78. Ink Cartridges Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 79. Ink Cartridges Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 80. Ink Cartridges Raw Materials
Table 81. Ink Cartridges Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 82. Typical Ink Cartridges Downstream
Table 83. Ink Cartridges Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 84. Ink Cartridges Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Ink Cartridges Segment by Type
Figure 2. Ink Cartridges Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Ink Cartridges Market Overview: 2020
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Ink Cartridges Market Size: 2021 VS 2027 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Ink Cartridges Revenue, 2016-2027 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Ink Cartridges Sales in Global Market: 2016-2027 (Million Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Ink Cartridges Revenue in 2020
Figure 9. By Type - Global Ink Cartridges Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 10. By Type - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 11. By Type - Global Ink Cartridges Price (USD/Unit), 2016-2027
Figure 12. By Application - Global Ink Cartridges Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 13. By Application - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 14. By Application - Global Ink Cartridges Price (USD/Unit), 2016-2027
Figure 15. By Region - Global Ink Cartridges Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 16. By Region - Global Ink Cartridges Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 17. By Country - North America Ink Cartridges Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 18. By Country - North America Ink Cartridges Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 19. US Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 20. Canada Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 21. Mexico Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Ink Cartridges Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Ink Cartridges Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 24. Germany Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 25. France Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 26. U.K. Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 27. Italy Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 28. Russia Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 30. Benelux Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Ink Cartridges Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Ink Cartridges Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 33. China Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 34. Japan Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 35. South Korea Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 37. India Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 38. By Country - South America Ink Cartridges Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 39. By Country - South America Ink Cartridges Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 40. Brazil Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 41. Argentina Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Ink Cartridges Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Ink Cartridges Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 44. Turkey Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 45. Israel Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 47. UAE Ink Cartridges Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2016-2027
Figure 48. Global Ink Cartridges Production Capacity (Million Units), 2016-2027
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Ink Cartridges by Region, 2020 VS 2027
Figure 50. Ink Cartridges Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels