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Government Spending Global Industry Guide 2019-2028

March 2024 | 535 pages | ID: GBF5D109D8E4EN
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Government Spending Global Industry Guide 2019-2028

Summary

Global Government Spending industry profile provides top-line qualitative and quantitative summary information including: sector size (value 2019-23, and forecast to 2028). The profile also contains descriptions of the leading players including key financial metrics and analysis of competitive pressures within the sector.

Key Highlights
  • Government spending refers to the money spent by the government of a country to provide goods and services to its citizens. It helps to drive economic growth, create employment opportunities, and improve the standard of living for its citizens.
  • The market is segmented into defense, education, social protection, healthcare, and others.
  • The defense segment includes all military and civil defense spending, research and development, and other defense-related expenditures.
  • The education segment includes all spending on pre-primary education, primary education, secondary education, tertiary education, research and development, and other education-related expenditures.
  • The social protection segment includes all spending on sickness and disability, old age, survivors, family and children, unemployment, housing, social exclusion, research and development, and other social protection expenditures.
  • The health segment includes all spending on medical products, and equipment, as well as outpatient, hospital, and public health services, research and development, and other health expenditures.
  • The others segment includes spending on general public services, public order and safety, economic affairs, environmental protection, housing and community amenities, recreation, culture and religion, and related government expenditures.
  • All market data and forecasts are adjusted for inflation and all currency conversions used in the creation of this report have been calculated using yearly annual average exchange rates.
  • The global government spending market recorded revenues of $29,421.3 billion in 2023, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.1% between 2018 and 2023.
  • The social protection segment accounted for the market's largest proportion in 2023, with total revenues of $7,442 billion, equivalent to 25.3% of the market's overall value.
  • The US accounted for a 31.7% share of the total global market in 2023 followed by Europe and Asia-Pacific with 32.8% and 23.8%, respectively.
Scope
  • Save time carrying out entry-level research by identifying the size, growth, major segments, and leading players in the global government spending sector
  • Use the Five Forces analysis to determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of the global government spending sector
  • Leading company profiles reveal details of key government spending sector players’ global operations and financial performance
  • Add weight to presentations and pitches by understanding the future growth prospects of the global government spending sector with five year forecasts
Reasons to Buy
  • What was the size of the global government spending sector by value in 2023?
  • What will be the size of the global government spending sector in 2028?
  • What factors are affecting the strength of competition in the global government spending sector?
  • How has the sector performed over the last five years?
  • What are the main segments that make up the global government spending sector?
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1. Market value
1.2. Market value forecast
1.3. Category segmentation
1.4. Geography segmentation
1.5. Competitive landscape

2 INTRODUCTION

2.1. What is this report about?
2.2. Who is the target reader?
2.3. How to use this report
2.4. Definitions

3 GLOBAL GOVERNMENT SPENDING

3.1. Market Overview
3.2. Market Data
3.3. Market Segmentation
3.4. Market outlook
3.5. Five forces analysis

4 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS

4.1. Country data

5 GOVERNMENT SPENDING IN ASIA-PACIFIC

5.1. Market Overview
5.2. Market Data
5.3. Market Segmentation
5.4. Market outlook
5.5. Five forces analysis

6 GOVERNMENT SPENDING IN EUROPE

6.1. Market Overview
6.2. Market Data
6.3. Market Segmentation
6.4. Market outlook
6.5. Five forces analysis

7 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS

7.1. Country data

8 GOVERNMENT SPENDING IN FRANCE

8.1. Market Overview
8.2. Market Data
8.3. Market Segmentation
8.4. Market outlook
8.5. Five forces analysis

9 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS

9.1. Country data

10 GOVERNMENT SPENDING IN GERMANY

10.1. Market Overview
10.2. Market Data
10.3. Market Segmentation
10.4. Market outlook
10.5. Five forces analysis

11 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS

11.1. Country data

12 GOVERNMENT SPENDING IN ITALY

12.1. Market Overview
12.2. Market Data
12.3. Market Segmentation
12.4. Market outlook
12.5. Five forces analysis

13 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS

13.1. Country data

14 GOVERNMENT SPENDING IN JAPAN

14.1. Market Overview
14.2. Market Data
14.3. Market Segmentation
14.4. Market outlook
14.5. Five forces analysis

15 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS

15.1. Country data

16 GOVERNMENT SPENDING IN AUSTRALIA

16.1. Market Overview
16.2. Market Data
16.3. Market Segmentation
16.4. Market outlook
16.5. Five forces analysis

17 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS

17.1. Country data

18 GOVERNMENT SPENDING IN CANADA

18.1. Market Overview
18.2. Market Data
18.3. Market Segmentation
18.4. Market outlook
18.5. Five forces analysis

19 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS

19.1. Country data

20 GOVERNMENT SPENDING IN CHINA

20.1. Market Overview
20.2. Market Data
20.3. Market Segmentation
20.4. Market outlook
20.5. Five forces analysis

21 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS

21.1. Country data

22 GOVERNMENT SPENDING IN THE NETHERLANDS

22.1. Market Overview
22.2. Market Data
22.3. Market Segmentation
22.4. Market outlook
22.5. Five forces analysis

23 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS

23.1. Country data

24 GOVERNMENT SPENDING IN SPAIN

24.1. Market Overview
24.2. Market Data
24.3. Market Segmentation
24.4. Market outlook
24.5. Five forces analysis

25 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS

25.1. Country data

26 GOVERNMENT SPENDING IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

26.1. Market Overview
26.2. Market Data
26.3. Market Segmentation
26.4. Market outlook
26.5. Five forces analysis

27 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS

27.1. Country data

28 GOVERNMENT SPENDING IN THE UNITED STATES

28.1. Market Overview
28.2. Market Data
28.3. Market Segmentation
28.4. Market outlook
28.5. Five forces analysis

29 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS

29.1. Country data

30 COMPANY PROFILES

30.1. General Dynamics Corporation
30.2. GS Engineering & Construction Corp
30.3. Housing and Urban Development Corporation Ltd
30.4. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.
30.5. BAE Systems Inc
30.6. Skanska AB
30.7. Thales SA
30.8. Vinci SA
30.9. Deutsche Bahn AG
30.10. Deutsche Telekom AG
30.11. ASC Pty Ltd
30.12. BAE Systems Australia Ltd
30.13. Australian Rail Track Corporation Ltd
30.14. Decmil Group Ltd
30.15. MOVER Participacoes SA
30.16. Embraer SA
30.17. Companhia de Saneamento Basico do Estado de Sao Paulo
30.18. Valec Engineering, Construction and Railway SA
30.19. JD Irving Ltd
30.20. Larsen & Toubro Limited
30.21. PT Astra International Tbk
30.22. PT PAL Indonesia
30.23. PT PLN (Persero)
30.24. PT Pertamina (Persero)
30.25. Royal BAM Group NV
30.26. Airbus SE
30.27. NV Nederlandse Spoorwegen
30.28. Saab AB
30.29. Peab AB
30.30. Fortum Corp
30.31. Singapore Technologies Engineering Ltd
30.32. Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co Ltd
30.33. SMRT Corp Ltd
30.34. Public Utilities Board
30.35. Aveng Ltd
30.36. Eskom Holdings SOC Limited
30.37. Paramount Group
30.38. Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa
30.39. Hanwha Corp
30.40. Samsung C&T Corp
30.41. Korea Aerospace Industries Ltd
30.42. Actividades de Construccion y Servicios SA
30.43. Ferrovial SA
30.44. General Dynamics European Land Systems Group
30.45. Aselsan Elektronik Sanayi Ve Ticaret AS
30.46. ENKA Insaat ve Sanayi AS
30.47. Havelsan Hava Elektronik Sanayi Ve Ticaret AS
30.48. Elektrik Uretim AS
30.49. Lockheed Martin Corp
30.50. Veolia Environnement SA
30.51. Leonardo SpA
30.52. PJSC Gazprom
30.53. Extendicare Inc
30.54. Grupo Carso SA de CV
30.55. RTX Corp
30.56. United Aircraft Corp
30.57. Almaz-Antey Concern
30.58. Rossiiskie Zheleznye Dorogi
30.59. Aviation Industry Corp of China Ltd
30.60. China National Petroleum Corporation
30.61. Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd
30.62. Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd
30.63. Comision Federal de Electricidad
30.64. Empresas ICA SAB de CV
30.65. Comision Nacional del Agua
30.66. China State Construction Engineering Corp Ltd
30.67. HOCHTIEF Aktiengesellschaft - Offshore Assets
30.68. SNCF Group
30.69. Rheinmetall AG
30.70. Webuild SpA
30.71. Astaris SpA (Inactive)
30.72. Gestore dei Servizi Energetici - GSE SpA
30.73. Kajima Corporation
30.74. Obayashi Corp
30.75. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation
30.76. Honeywell International Inc
30.77. China South Industries Group Corp
30.78. Royal Volker Wessels Stevin NV
30.79. Indra Sistemas, S.A. - Digital Document Management Business - Spain
30.80. Balfour Beatty Plc
30.81. BAE Systems Plc
30.82. Network Rail Ltd
30.83. Capita Plc
30.84. General Dynamics Corp
30.85. McKesson Corp

31 APPENDIX

31.1. Methodology
31.2. About MarketLine

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Global government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 2: Global government spending sector category segmentation: % share, by value, 2018–2023
Table 3: Global government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Table 4: Global government spending sector geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 5: Global government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Table 6: Global size of population (million), 2019–23
Table 7: Global gdp (constant 2005 prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 8: Global gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 9: Global inflation, 2019–23
Table 10: Global consumer price index (absolute), 2019–23
Table 11: Global exchange rate, 2019–23
Table 12: Asia-Pacific government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 13: Asia–Pacific government spending sector category segmentation: % share, by value, 2018–2023
Table 14: Asia-Pacific government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Table 15: Asia–Pacific government spending sector geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 16: Asia-Pacific government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Table 17: Europe government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 18: Europe government spending sector category segmentation: % share, by value, 2018–2023
Table 19: Europe government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Table 20: Europe government spending sector geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 21: Europe government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Table 22: Europe size of population (million), 2019–23
Table 23: Europe gdp (constant 2005 prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 24: Europe gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 25: Europe inflation, 2019–23
Table 26: Europe consumer price index (absolute), 2019–23
Table 27: Europe exchange rate, 2019–23
Table 28: France government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 29: France government spending sector category segmentation: % share, by value, 2018–2023
Table 30: France government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Table 31: France government spending sector geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 32: France government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Table 33: France size of population (million), 2019–23
Table 34: France gdp (constant 2005 prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 35: France gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 36: France inflation, 2019–23
Table 37: France consumer price index (absolute), 2019–23
Table 38: France exchange rate, 2019–23
Table 39: Germany government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 40: Germany government spending sector category segmentation: % share, by value, 2018–2023
Table 41: Germany government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Table 42: Germany government spending sector geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 43: Germany government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Table 44: Germany size of population (million), 2019–23
Table 45: Germany gdp (constant 2005 prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 46: Germany gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 47: Germany inflation, 2019–23
Table 48: Germany consumer price index (absolute), 2019–23
Table 49: Germany exchange rate, 2019–23
Table 50: Italy government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 51: Italy government spending sector category segmentation: % share, by value, 2018–2023
Table 52: Italy government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Table 53: Italy government spending sector geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 54: Italy government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Table 55: Italy size of population (million), 2019–23
Table 56: Italy gdp (constant 2005 prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 57: Italy gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 58: Italy inflation, 2019–23
Table 59: Italy consumer price index (absolute), 2019–23
Table 60: Italy exchange rate, 2019–23
Table 61: Japan government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 62: Japan government spending sector category segmentation: % share, by value, 2018–2023
Table 63: Japan government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Table 64: Japan government spending sector geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 65: Japan government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Table 66: Japan size of population (million), 2019–23
Table 67: Japan gdp (constant 2005 prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 68: Japan gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 69: Japan inflation, 2019–23
Table 70: Japan consumer price index (absolute), 2019–23
Table 71: Japan exchange rate, 2019–23
Table 72: Australia government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 73: Australia government spending sector category segmentation: % share, by value, 2018–2023
Table 74: Australia government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Table 75: Australia government spending sector geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 76: Australia government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Table 77: Australia size of population (million), 2019–23
Table 78: Australia gdp (constant 2005 prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 79: Australia gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 80: Australia inflation, 2019–23
Table 81: Australia consumer price index (absolute), 2019–23
Table 82: Australia exchange rate, 2019–23
Table 83: Canada government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 84: Canada government spending sector category segmentation: % share, by value, 2018–2023
Table 85: Canada government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Table 86: Canada government spending sector geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 87: Canada government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Table 88: Canada size of population (million), 2019–23
Table 89: Canada gdp (constant 2005 prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 90: Canada gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 91: Canada inflation, 2019–23
Table 92: Canada consumer price index (absolute), 2019–23
Table 93: Canada exchange rate, 2019–23
Table 94: China government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 95: China government spending sector category segmentation: % share, by value, 2018–2023
Table 96: China government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Table 97: China government spending sector geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 98: China government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Table 99: China size of population (million), 2019–23
Table 100: China gdp (constant 2005 prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 101: China gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2019–23
Table 102: China inflation, 2019–23
Table 103: China consumer price index (absolute), 2019–23
Table 104: China exchange rate, 2019–23
Table 105: Netherlands government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 106: Netherlands government spending sector category segmentation: % share, by value, 2018–2023
Table 107: Netherlands government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Table 108: Netherlands government spending sector geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 109: Netherlands government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Table 110: Netherlands size of population (million), 2019–23

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Global government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 2: Global government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Figure 3: Global government spending sector geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 4: Global government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Figure 5: Forces driving competition in the global government spending sector, 2023
Figure 6: Drivers of buyer power in the global government spending sector, 2023
Figure 7: Drivers of supplier power in the global government spending sector, 2023
Figure 8: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the global government spending sector, 2023
Figure 9: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the global government spending sector, 2023
Figure 10: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the global government spending sector, 2023
Figure 11: Asia-Pacific government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 12: Asia-Pacific government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Figure 13: Asia–Pacific government spending sector geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 14: Asia-Pacific government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Figure 15: Forces driving competition in the government spending sector in Asia-Pacific, 2023
Figure 16: Drivers of buyer power in the government spending sector in Asia-Pacific, 2023
Figure 17: Drivers of supplier power in the government spending sector in Asia-Pacific, 2023
Figure 18: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the government spending sector in Asia-Pacific, 2023
Figure 19: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the government spending sector in Asia-Pacific, 2023
Figure 20: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the government spending sector in Asia-Pacific, 2023
Figure 21: Europe government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 22: Europe government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Figure 23: Europe government spending sector geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 24: Europe government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Figure 25: Forces driving competition in the government spending sector in Europe, 2023
Figure 26: Drivers of buyer power in the government spending sector in Europe, 2023
Figure 27: Drivers of supplier power in the government spending sector in Europe, 2023
Figure 28: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the government spending sector in Europe, 2023
Figure 29: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the government spending sector in Europe, 2023
Figure 30: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the government spending sector in Europe, 2023
Figure 31: France government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 32: France government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Figure 33: France government spending sector geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 34: France government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Figure 35: Forces driving competition in the government spending sector in France, 2023
Figure 36: Drivers of buyer power in the government spending sector in France, 2023
Figure 37: Drivers of supplier power in the government spending sector in France, 2023
Figure 38: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the government spending sector in France, 2023
Figure 39: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the government spending sector in France, 2023
Figure 40: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the government spending sector in France, 2023
Figure 41: Germany government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 42: Germany government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Figure 43: Germany government spending sector geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 44: Germany government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Figure 45: Forces driving competition in the government spending sector in Germany, 2023
Figure 46: Drivers of buyer power in the government spending sector in Germany, 2023
Figure 47: Drivers of supplier power in the government spending sector in Germany, 2023
Figure 48: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the government spending sector in Germany, 2023
Figure 49: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the government spending sector in Germany, 2023
Figure 50: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the government spending sector in Germany, 2023
Figure 51: Italy government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 52: Italy government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Figure 53: Italy government spending sector geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 54: Italy government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Figure 55: Forces driving competition in the government spending sector in Italy, 2023
Figure 56: Drivers of buyer power in the government spending sector in Italy, 2023
Figure 57: Drivers of supplier power in the government spending sector in Italy, 2023
Figure 58: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the government spending sector in Italy, 2023
Figure 59: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the government spending sector in Italy, 2023
Figure 60: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the government spending sector in Italy, 2023
Figure 61: Japan government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 62: Japan government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Figure 63: Japan government spending sector geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 64: Japan government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Figure 65: Forces driving competition in the government spending sector in Japan, 2023
Figure 66: Drivers of buyer power in the government spending sector in Japan, 2023
Figure 67: Drivers of supplier power in the government spending sector in Japan, 2023
Figure 68: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the government spending sector in Japan, 2023
Figure 69: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the government spending sector in Japan, 2023
Figure 70: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the government spending sector in Japan, 2023
Figure 71: Australia government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 72: Australia government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Figure 73: Australia government spending sector geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 74: Australia government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Figure 75: Forces driving competition in the government spending sector in Australia, 2023
Figure 76: Drivers of buyer power in the government spending sector in Australia, 2023
Figure 77: Drivers of supplier power in the government spending sector in Australia, 2023
Figure 78: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the government spending sector in Australia, 2023
Figure 79: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the government spending sector in Australia, 2023
Figure 80: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the government spending sector in Australia, 2023
Figure 81: Canada government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 82: Canada government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Figure 83: Canada government spending sector geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 84: Canada government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Figure 85: Forces driving competition in the government spending sector in Canada, 2023
Figure 86: Drivers of buyer power in the government spending sector in Canada, 2023
Figure 87: Drivers of supplier power in the government spending sector in Canada, 2023
Figure 88: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the government spending sector in Canada, 2023
Figure 89: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the government spending sector in Canada, 2023
Figure 90: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the government spending sector in Canada, 2023
Figure 91: China government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 92: China government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Figure 93: China government spending sector geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 94: China government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28
Figure 95: Forces driving competition in the government spending sector in China, 2023
Figure 96: Drivers of buyer power in the government spending sector in China, 2023
Figure 97: Drivers of supplier power in the government spending sector in China, 2023
Figure 98: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the government spending sector in China, 2023
Figure 99: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the government spending sector in China, 2023
Figure 100: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the government spending sector in China, 2023
Figure 101: Netherlands government spending sector value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 102: Netherlands government spending sector category segmentation: $ billion, 2018-2023
Figure 103: Netherlands government spending sector geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 104: Netherlands government spending sector value forecast: $ billion, 2023–28


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