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Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size, Manufacturers, Opportunities and Forecast to 2030

April 2024 | 118 pages | ID: GC7344F2A60BEN
APO Research

US$ 3,450.00

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Automatic Fare Collection System (AFC) is a contactless smartcard-based end-to-end solution for fare collection and payment. The state-of-the-art solution is uniquely designed with the demand of revenue services for modern transit operation in mind. Furthermore, with the advent of smartcard technology and proliferation of its business applications, AFC also enables transit operators to expand revenue opportunities, exploit the benefits of payment integration with other transit operators as well as non-transit service providers.

AFC System consists of Central Computer System, Station Computer System and Station Equipment.

Central Computer System

Central Computer System is the AFC management center which is responsible for generating reports, receiving ticketing data from station computer, sending control command, downloading system parameter and ticket price list to station computer.

Station Computer System

The primary role of the Station Computer is to provide the usage data collection, downloading of fare related parameters to the AFC equipment; control, monitoring and management of the AFC equipment. Its secondary role is to provide the station reports (if required) and support the sales office and customer service. It is able to function independently should there be a failure in the communication link with the central computer.

Station Equipment

These are all the front-end equipment/devices, which are used to serve the commuter. These consist of Ticket Vending Machines, Fare Gates, Booking Office Machines, Mobile and Hand-Held Terminals and Ticket Recharging Machines etc. Typically the requirement for each implementation may vary in terms of the quantity of the equipment/devices.

Smart Cards

Smart Cards generally support faster and more flexible fare collection systems. Contactless or Proximity Smart Cards permit faster processing times than magnetic stripe cards or contact smart cards. They also facilitate processing of differentiated fare structures such as time-based and distance-based fare structures and fare integration across several modes and operators. A hybrid or 'dual-interface' smart card can expand the application of smart cards beyond transit.

This report focus on the Station Equipment (terminal equipment) of Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection System.

According to APO Research, The global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems market was estimated at US$ million in 2023 and is projected to reach a revised size of US$ million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period 2024-2030.

Cubic Corporation, The Nippon Signal and Omron Corporation are the leading manufacturers of Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems, with a combined market share of about 45%.

North America and Japan are the major markets, each accounting for about 30% of the market share.

Report Scope

This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems.

The Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of sales volume (K Units) and revenue ($ millions), considering 2023 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2019 to 2030. This report segments the global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by Type, by Application, and by players, are also provided. For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.

Key Companies & Market Share Insights

In this section, the readers will gain an understanding of the key players competing. This report has studied the key growth strategies, such as innovative trends and developments, intensification of product portfolio, mergers and acquisitions, collaborations, new product innovation, and geographical expansion, undertaken by these participants to maintain their presence. Apart from business strategies, the study includes current developments and key financials. The readers will also get access to the data related to global revenue, price, and sales by manufacturers for the period 2019-2024. This all-inclusive report will certainly serve the clients to stay updated and make effective decisions in their businesses. Some of the prominent players reviewed in the research report include:
  • Cubic Corporation
  • The Nippon Signal
  • Omron Corporation
  • Scheidt & Bachmann
  • Thales Group
  • INIT
  • Huaming
  • Xerox
  • GFI Genfare
  • LECIP
  • Shanghai Potevio Company Limited
  • Gunnebo
  • GMV
  • Huahong Jitong
  • GRG Banking
Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems segment by Type
  • Farebox
  • Ticket Vending Machines (TVM)
  • Validator
Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems segment by Application
  • Off-Board
  • On-Board
Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Segment by Region
  • North America
  • U.S.
  • Canada
  • Europe
  • Germany
  • France
  • U.K.
  • Italy
  • Russia
  • Asia-Pacific
  • China
  • Japan
  • South Korea
  • India
  • Australia
  • China Taiwan
  • Indonesia
  • Thailand
  • Malaysia
  • Latin America
  • Mexico
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Middle East & Africa
  • Turkey
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE
Key Drivers & Barriers

High-impact rendering factors and drivers have been studied in this report to aid the readers to understand the general development. Moreover, the report includes restraints and challenges that may act as stumbling blocks on the way of the players. This will assist the users to be attentive and make informed decisions related to business. Specialists have also laid their focus on the upcoming business prospects.

Reasons to Buy This Report

1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.

2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.

3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in volume and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.

4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market

5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally

6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems.

7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.

Chapter Outline

Chapter 1: Introduces the study scope of this report, executive summary of market segments by type, market size segments for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa.

Chapter 2: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.

Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share and ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.

Chapter 4: Sales, revenue of Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the future development prospects, and market space in the world.

Chapter 5: Introduces market segments by application, market size segment for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa.

Chapter 6: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.

Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa, sales and revenue by country.

Chapter 12: Analysis of industrial chain, key raw materials, manufacturing cost, and market dynamics.

Chapter 13: Concluding Insights of the report.
1 MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Global Market Growth Prospects
  1.2.1 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
  1.2.2 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.3 Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market by Type
  1.3.1 Farebox
  1.3.2 Ticket Vending Machines (TVM)
  1.3.3 Validator
1.4 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size by Type
  1.4.1 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size Overview by Type (2019-2030)
  1.4.2 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Historic Market Size Review by Type (2019-2024)
  1.4.3 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Forecasted Market Size by Type (2025-2030)
1.5 Key Regions Market Size by Type
  1.5.1 North America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2024)
  1.5.2 Europe Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2024)
  1.5.3 Asia-Pacific Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2024)
  1.5.4 Latin America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2024)
  1.5.5 Middle East and Africa Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2024)

2 GLOBAL MARKET DYNAMICS

2.1 Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Industry Trends
2.2 Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Industry Drivers
2.3 Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Industry Opportunities and Challenges
2.4 Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Industry Restraints

3 MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE BY COMPANY

3.1 Global Top Players by Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Revenue (2019-2024)
3.2 Global Top Players by Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales (2019-2024)
3.3 Global Top Players by Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Price (2019-2024)
3.4 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Industry Company Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
3.5 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Key Company Manufacturing Sites & Headquarters
3.6 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Company, Product Type & Application
3.7 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Company Commercialization Time
3.8 Market Competitive Analysis
  3.8.1 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market CR5 and HHI
  3.8.2 Global Top 5 and 10 Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Players Market Share by Revenue in 2023
  3.8.3 2023 Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier

4 SMART CARDS AUTOMATED FARE COLLECTION SYSTEMS REGIONAL STATUS AND OUTLOOK

4.1 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size and CAGR by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.2 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Historic Market Size by Region
  4.2.1 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales in Volume by Region (2019-2024)
  4.2.2 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales in Value by Region (2019-2024)
  4.2.3 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales (Volume & Value), Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.3 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Forecasted Market Size by Region
  4.3.1 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales in Volume by Region (2025-2030)
  4.3.2 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales in Value by Region (2025-2030)
  4.3.3 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales (Volume & Value), Price and Gross Margin (2025-2030)

5 SMART CARDS AUTOMATED FARE COLLECTION SYSTEMS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market by Application
  5.1.1 Off-Board
  5.1.2 On-Board
5.2 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size by Application
  5.2.1 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size Overview by Application (2019-2030)
  5.2.2 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Historic Market Size Review by Application (2019-2024)
  5.2.3 Global Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Forecasted Market Size by Application (2025-2030)
5.3 Key Regions Market Size by Application
  5.3.1 North America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2024)
  5.3.2 Europe Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2024)
  5.3.3 Asia-Pacific Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2024)
  5.3.4 Latin America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2024)
  5.3.5 Middle East and Africa Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2024)

6 COMPANY PROFILES

6.1 Cubic Corporation
  6.1.1 Cubic Corporation Comapny Information
  6.1.2 Cubic Corporation Business Overview
  6.1.3 Cubic Corporation Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  6.1.4 Cubic Corporation Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Product Portfolio
  6.1.5 Cubic Corporation Recent Developments
6.2 The Nippon Signal
  6.2.1 The Nippon Signal Comapny Information
  6.2.2 The Nippon Signal Business Overview
  6.2.3 The Nippon Signal Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  6.2.4 The Nippon Signal Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Product Portfolio
  6.2.5 The Nippon Signal Recent Developments
6.3 Omron Corporation
  6.3.1 Omron Corporation Comapny Information
  6.3.2 Omron Corporation Business Overview
  6.3.3 Omron Corporation Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  6.3.4 Omron Corporation Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Product Portfolio
  6.3.5 Omron Corporation Recent Developments
6.4 Scheidt & Bachmann
  6.4.1 Scheidt & Bachmann Comapny Information
  6.4.2 Scheidt & Bachmann Business Overview
  6.4.3 Scheidt & Bachmann Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  6.4.4 Scheidt & Bachmann Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Product Portfolio
  6.4.5 Scheidt & Bachmann Recent Developments
6.5 Thales Group
  6.5.1 Thales Group Comapny Information
  6.5.2 Thales Group Business Overview
  6.5.3 Thales Group Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  6.5.4 Thales Group Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Product Portfolio
  6.5.5 Thales Group Recent Developments
6.6 INIT
  6.6.1 INIT Comapny Information
  6.6.2 INIT Business Overview
  6.6.3 INIT Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  6.6.4 INIT Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Product Portfolio
  6.6.5 INIT Recent Developments
6.7 Huaming
  6.7.1 Huaming Comapny Information
  6.7.2 Huaming Business Overview
  6.7.3 Huaming Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  6.7.4 Huaming Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Product Portfolio
  6.7.5 Huaming Recent Developments
6.8 Xerox
  6.8.1 Xerox Comapny Information
  6.8.2 Xerox Business Overview
  6.8.3 Xerox Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  6.8.4 Xerox Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Product Portfolio
  6.8.5 Xerox Recent Developments
6.9 GFI Genfare
  6.9.1 GFI Genfare Comapny Information
  6.9.2 GFI Genfare Business Overview
  6.9.3 GFI Genfare Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  6.9.4 GFI Genfare Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Product Portfolio
  6.9.5 GFI Genfare Recent Developments
6.10 LECIP
  6.10.1 LECIP Comapny Information
  6.10.2 LECIP Business Overview
  6.10.3 LECIP Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  6.10.4 LECIP Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Product Portfolio
  6.10.5 LECIP Recent Developments
6.11 Shanghai Potevio Company Limited
  6.11.1 Shanghai Potevio Company Limited Comapny Information
  6.11.2 Shanghai Potevio Company Limited Business Overview
  6.11.3 Shanghai Potevio Company Limited Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  6.11.4 Shanghai Potevio Company Limited Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Product Portfolio
  6.11.5 Shanghai Potevio Company Limited Recent Developments
6.12 Gunnebo
  6.12.1 Gunnebo Comapny Information
  6.12.2 Gunnebo Business Overview
  6.12.3 Gunnebo Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  6.12.4 Gunnebo Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Product Portfolio
  6.12.5 Gunnebo Recent Developments
6.13 GMV
  6.13.1 GMV Comapny Information
  6.13.2 GMV Business Overview
  6.13.3 GMV Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  6.13.4 GMV Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Product Portfolio
  6.13.5 GMV Recent Developments
6.14 Huahong Jitong
  6.14.1 Huahong Jitong Comapny Information
  6.14.2 Huahong Jitong Business Overview
  6.14.3 Huahong Jitong Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  6.14.4 Huahong Jitong Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Product Portfolio
  6.14.5 Huahong Jitong Recent Developments
6.15 GRG Banking
  6.15.1 GRG Banking Comapny Information
  6.15.2 GRG Banking Business Overview
  6.15.3 GRG Banking Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  6.15.4 GRG Banking Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Product Portfolio
  6.15.5 GRG Banking Recent Developments

7 NORTH AMERICA BY COUNTRY

7.1 North America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales by Country
  7.1.1 North America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  7.1.2 North America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales by Country (2019-2024)
  7.1.3 North America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030)
7.2 North America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size by Country
  7.2.1 North America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  7.2.2 North America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size by Country (2019-2024)
  7.2.3 North America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030)

8 EUROPE BY COUNTRY

8.1 Europe Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales by Country
  8.1.1 Europe Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  8.1.2 Europe Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales by Country (2019-2024)
  8.1.3 Europe Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030)
8.2 Europe Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size by Country
  8.2.1 Europe Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  8.2.2 Europe Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size by Country (2019-2024)
  8.2.3 Europe Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030)

9 ASIA-PACIFIC BY COUNTRY

9.1 Asia-Pacific Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales by Country
  9.1.1 Asia-Pacific Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  9.1.2 Asia-Pacific Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales by Country (2019-2024)
  9.1.3 Asia-Pacific Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size by Country
  9.2.1 Asia-Pacific Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  9.2.2 Asia-Pacific Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size by Country (2019-2024)
  9.2.3 Asia-Pacific Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030)

10 LATIN AMERICA BY COUNTRY

10.1 Latin America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales by Country
  10.1.1 Latin America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  10.1.2 Latin America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales by Country (2019-2024)
  10.1.3 Latin America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030)
10.2 Latin America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size by Country
  10.2.1 Latin America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  10.2.2 Latin America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size by Country (2019-2024)
  10.2.3 Latin America Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030)

11 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA BY COUNTRY

11.1 Middle East and Africa Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales by Country
  11.1.1 Middle East and Africa Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  11.1.2 Middle East and Africa Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales by Country (2019-2024)
  11.1.3 Middle East and Africa Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030)
11.2 Middle East and Africa Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size by Country
  11.2.1 Middle East and Africa Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  11.2.2 Middle East and Africa Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size by Country (2019-2024)
  11.2.3 Middle East and Africa Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030)

12 VALUE CHAIN AND SALES CHANNELS ANALYSIS

12.1 Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Value Chain Analysis
  12.1.1 Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Key Raw Materials
  12.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price
  12.1.3 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
  12.1.4 Manufacturing Cost Structure
  12.1.5 Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Production Mode & Process
12.2 Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Sales Channels Analysis
  12.2.1 Direct Comparison with Distribution Share
  12.2.2 Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Distributors
  12.2.3 Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection Systems Customers

13 CONCLUDING INSIGHTS

14 APPENDIX

14.1 Reasons for Doing This Study
14.2 Research Methodology
14.3 Research Process
14.4 Authors List of This Report
14.5 Data Source
  14.5.1 Secondary Sources
  14.5.2 Primary Sources
14.6 Disclaimer


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