Global Sensor Bearing Industry Research Report 2020, Forecast to 2025

June 2020 | 108 pages | ID: GD55FF25DB5DEN
WKinformation

Abstracts

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 48 hours after order is placed.

The Sensor Bearing market was valued at US$ xx in 2019, prior to COVID-19. Whereas post-COVID-19 scenario, the market for Sensor Bearing is projected to grow from US$ xx million in 2020, and is projected to reach xx by 2025, at a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period. Projected and forecast revenue values are in constant U.S. dollars, unadjusted for inflation. Product values are estimated based on manufacturers' revenue.

The report offers detailed coverage of Sensor Bearing industry and main market trends. The market research includes historical and forecast market data, demand, application details, price trends, and company shares of the leading Sensor Bearing by geography. The report splits the market size, by volume and value, on the basis of application type and geography.

In addition to this data, the report provides insight into drivers of market demand and strategies of suppliers. Key players are profiled, and their market shares in the global Sensor Bearing market are discussed.

The market is segmented by types:

• Speed Sensor Bearing
• Temperature Sensor Bearing
• Vibration Sensor Bearing
• Displacement Sensor Bearing

It can be also divided by applications:

• Automotive
• Aerospace & Defense
• Oil & Gas
• Metal & Mining
• Others

And this report covers the historical situation, present status and the future prospects of the global Sensor Bearing market for 2015-2025. In this report, we analyze global market from 5 geographies: Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America, Middle East & Africa, South America.

Finally, the report provides detailed profile and data information analysis of leading company.

• Jtekt
• Mageba SA
• The Timken Company
• SKF
• Thomson Industries
• NTN Corporation
• Fersa Bearings
• NSK
• Schaeffler
• Brtec
• Nachi Europe
• Wafangdian Bearing
• Harbin Bearing Manufacturing

Report Includes:

• xx data tables and xx additional tables
• An overview of global Sensor Bearing market
• An detailed key players analysis across regions
• Analyses of global market trends, with historical data, estimates for 2020 and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2025
• Insights into regulatory and environmental developments
• Information on the supply and demand scenario and evaluation of technological and investment opportunities in the Sensor Bearing market
• Profiles of major players in the industry, including%li% Jtekt,%li% Mageba SA,%li% The Timken Company,%li% SKF,%li% Thomson Industries.....

Research objectives

• To study and analyze the global Sensor Bearing consumption (value & volume) by key regions/countries, product type and application, history data from 2015 to 2019, and forecast to 2025.
• To understand the structure of Sensor Bearing market by identifying its various subsegments.
• Focuses on the key global Sensor Bearing manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the sales volume, value, market share, market competition landscape, Porter's five forces analysis, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years.
• To analyze the Sensor Bearing with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to the total market.
• To share detailed information about the key factors influencing the growth of the market (growth potential, opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges and risks).
• To project the consumption of Sensor Bearing submarkets, with respect to key regions (along with their respective key countries).
• To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
• To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.

Contents

Global Sensor Bearing Market Report 2020, Forecast to 2025

1 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.1 Sensor Bearing Introduction
1.2 Research Programs
1.3 Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators
1.4 Years Considered
1.5 Methodology
1.6 Data Source
1.7 Research Objectives

2 SENSOR BEARING INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

2.1 Global Sensor Bearing Market Size (Million USD) Comparison by Regions (2020-2025)
  2.1.1 Sensor Bearing Global Import Market Analysis
  2.1.2 Sensor Bearing Global Export Market Analysis
  2.1.3 Sensor Bearing Global Main Region Market Analysis
2.2 Market Analysis by Type
  2.2.1 Speed Sensor Bearing
  2.2.2 Temperature Sensor Bearing
  2.2.3 Vibration Sensor Bearing
  2.2.4 Displacement Sensor Bearing
2.3 Market Analysis by Application
  2.3.1 Automotive
  2.3.2 Aerospace & Defense
  2.3.3 Oil & Gas
  2.3.4 Metal & Mining
  2.3.5 Others
2.4 Global Sensor Bearing Revenue, Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer
  2.4.1 Global Sensor Bearing Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2018-2020)
  2.4.2 Global Sensor Bearing Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2018-2020)
  2.4.3 Global Sensor Bearing Industry Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
  2.4.4 Top 5 Sensor Bearing Manufacturer Market Share
  2.4.5 Top 10 Sensor Bearing Manufacturer Market Share
  2.4.6 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Sensor Bearing Market
  2.4.7 Key Manufacturers Sensor Bearing Product Offered
  2.4.8 Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
2.5 Sensor Bearing Historical Development Overview
2.6 Market Dynamics
  2.6.1 Market Opportunities
  2.6.2 Market Risk
  2.6.3 Market Driving Force
  2.6.4 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
2.7 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Sensor Bearing Industry Impact
  2.7.1 How the Covid-19 is Affecting the Sensor Bearing Industry
  2.7.2 Sensor Bearing Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
  2.7.3 Market Trends and Sensor Bearing Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
  2.7.4 Measures / Proposal against Covid-19

3 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS

3.1 Upstream Analysis
  3.1.1 Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
  3.1.2 Key Players in Upstream Markets
  3.1.3 Upstream Market Trend Analysis
  3.1.4 Sensor Bearing Manufacturing Cost Analysis
3.2 Downstream Market Analysis
  3.2.1 Macro Analysis of Down Markets
  3.2.2 Key Players in Down Markets
  3.2.3 Downstream Market Trend Analysis
  3.2.4 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers

4 GLOBAL SENSOR BEARING MARKET SIZE CATEGORIZED BY REGIONS (2015-2020)

4.1 Global Sensor Bearing Sales Market Share by Region
4.2 Global Sensor Bearing Revenue Market Share by Region (2015-2019)
4.3 Global Sensor Bearing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
4.4 North America Sensor Bearing Market Size Detail
  4.4.1 North America Sensor Bearing Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
  4.4.2 North America Sensor Bearing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
4.5 Europe Sensor Bearing Market Size Detail
  4.5.1 Europe Sensor Bearing Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
  4.5.2 Europe Sensor Bearing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
4.6 Japan Sensor Bearing Market Size Detail
  4.6.1 Japan Sensor Bearing Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
  4.6.2 Japan Sensor Bearing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
4.7 China Sensor Bearing Market Size Detail
  4.7.1 China Sensor Bearing Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
  4.7.2 China Sensor Bearing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

5 GLOBAL SENSOR BEARING MARKET SEGMENT BY TYPE

5.1 Global Sensor Bearing Revenue, Sales and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
  5.1.1 Global Sensor Bearing Sales and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
  5.1.2 Global Sensor Bearing Revenue and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
5.2 Speed Sensor Bearing Sales Growth Rate and Price
  5.2.1 Global Speed Sensor Bearing Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
  5.2.2 Global Speed Sensor Bearing Price (2015-2020)
5.3 Temperature Sensor Bearing Sales Growth Rate and Price
  5.3.1 Global Temperature Sensor Bearing Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
  5.3.2 Global Temperature Sensor Bearing Price (2015-2020)
5.4 Vibration Sensor Bearing Sales Growth Rate and Price
  5.4.1 Global Vibration Sensor Bearing Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
  5.4.2 Global Vibration Sensor Bearing Price (2015-2020)
5.5 Displacement Sensor Bearing Sales Growth Rate and Price
  5.5.1 Global Displacement Sensor Bearing Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
  5.5.2 Global Displacement Sensor Bearing Price (2015-2020)

6 GLOBAL SENSOR BEARING MARKET SEGMENT BY APPLICATION

6.1 Global Sensor BearingSales Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
6.2 Automotive Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.3 Aerospace & Defense Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.4 Oil & Gas Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.5 Metal & Mining Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.6 Others Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)

7 GLOBAL SENSOR BEARING MARKET FORECAST

7.1 Global Sensor Bearing Sales, Revenue Forecast
  7.1.1 Global Sensor Bearing Sales Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
  7.1.2 Global Sensor Bearing Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
  7.1.3 Global Sensor Bearing Price and Trend Forecast (2020-2025)
7.2 Global Sensor Bearing Sales Forecast by Region (2020-2025)
  7.2.1 North America Sensor Bearing Sales, Revenue Forecast (2020-2025)
  7.2.2 Europe Sensor Bearing Sales, Revenue Forecast (2020-2025)
  7.2.3 Japan Sensor Bearing Production, Revenue Forecast (2020-2025)
  7.2.4 China Sensor Bearing Production, Revenue Forecast (2020-2025)

8 ANALYSIS OF SENSOR BEARING INDUSTRY KEY MANUFACTURERS

8.1 Jtekt
  8.1.1 Company Details
  8.1.2 Product Information
  8.1.3 Jtekt Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
  8.1.4 Main Business Overview
  8.1.5 Jtekt News
8.2 Mageba SA
  8.2.1 Company Details
  8.2.2 Product Information
  8.2.3 Mageba SA Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
  8.2.4 Main Business Overview
  8.2.5 Mageba SA News
8.3 The Timken Company
  8.3.1 Company Details
  8.3.2 Product Information
  8.3.3 The Timken Company Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
  8.3.4 Main Business Overview
  8.3.5 The Timken Company News
8.4 SKF
  8.4.1 Company Details
  8.4.2 Product Information
  8.4.3 SKF Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
  8.4.4 Main Business Overview
  8.4.5 SKF News
8.5 Thomson Industries
  8.5.1 Company Details
  8.5.2 Product Information
  8.5.3 Thomson Industries Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
  8.5.4 Main Business Overview
  8.5.5 Thomson Industries News
8.6 NTN Corporation
  8.6.1 Company Details
  8.6.2 Product Information
  8.6.3 NTN Corporation Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
  8.6.4 Main Business Overview
  8.6.5 NTN Corporation News
8.7 Fersa Bearings
  8.7.1 Company Details
  8.7.2 Product Information
  8.7.3 Fersa Bearings Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
  8.7.4 Main Business Overview
  8.7.5 Fersa Bearings News
8.8 NSK
  8.8.1 Company Details
  8.8.2 Product Information
  8.8.3 NSK Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
  8.8.4 Main Business Overview
  8.8.5 NSK News
8.9 Schaeffler
  8.9.1 Company Details
  8.9.2 Product Information
  8.9.3 Schaeffler Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
  8.9.4 Main Business Overview
  8.9.5 Schaeffler News
8.10 Brtec
  8.10.1 Company Details
  8.10.2 Product Information
  8.10.3 Brtec Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
  8.10.4 Main Business Overview
  8.10.5 Brtec News
8.11 Nachi Europe
  8.11.1 Company Details
  8.11.2 Product Information
  8.11.3 Nachi Europe Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
  8.11.4 Main Business Overview
  8.11.5 Nachi Europe News
8.12 Wafangdian Bearing
  8.12.1 Company Details
  8.12.2 Product Information
  8.12.3 Wafangdian Bearing Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
  8.12.4 Main Business Overview
  8.12.5 Wafangdian Bearing News
8.13 Harbin Bearing Manufacturing
  8.13.1 Company Details
  8.13.2 Product Information
  8.13.3 Harbin Bearing Manufacturing Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
  8.13.4 Main Business Overview
  8.13.5 Harbin Bearing Manufacturing News

9 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

10 APPENDIX

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Sensor Bearing Picture
Figure Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Global Sensor Bearing Market by Regions (2019)
Table Global Market Sensor Bearing Comparison by Regions (M USD) 2019-2025
Table Global Sensor Bearing Sales Growth (CAGR) (2019-2025) by Type
Figure Global Sales Market Share of Sensor Bearing by Type in 2019
Figure Speed Sensor Bearing Picture
Figure Temperature Sensor Bearing Picture
Figure Vibration Sensor Bearing Picture
Figure Displacement Sensor Bearing Picture
Table Global Sensor Bearing Sales by Application (2019-2025)
Figure Global Sensor Bearing Sales Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure Automotive Picture
Figure Aerospace & Defense Picture
Figure Oil & Gas Picture
Figure Metal & Mining Picture
Figure Others Picture
Table Global Sensor Bearing Sales by Manufacturer (2018-2020)
Figure Global Sensor Bearing Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2019
Table Global Sensor Bearing Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2020)
Figure Global Sensor Bearing Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2019
Table Global Sensor Bearing Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Figure Top 5 Sensor Bearing Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2019
Figure Top 10 Sensor Bearing Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2019
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Sensor Bearing Market
Table Key Manufacturers Sensor Bearing Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
Table Market Opportunities in Next Few Years
Table Market Risks Analysis
Table Market Drivers
Table Key Players of Upstream Markets
Table Key Raw Materials
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Sensor Bearing
Table Key Players of Upstream Markets
Figure Sales Channel
Table Global Sensor Bearing Sales (K Units) by Region (2015-2020)
Table Global Sensor Bearing Sales Market Share by Region (2015-2019)
Figure Global Sensor Bearing Sales Market Share by Region (2015-2019)
Figure Global Sensor Bearing Sales Market Share by Region in 2018
Table Global Sensor Bearing Revenue (Million US$) by Region (2015-2020)
Table Global Sensor Bearing Revenue Market Share by Region (2015-2020)
Figure Global Sensor Bearing Revenue Market Share by Region (2015-2020)
Figure Global Sensor Bearing Revenue Market Share by Region in 2019
Table Global Sensor Bearing Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure North America Sensor Bearing Sales (K Units) Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table North America Sensor Bearing Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Sensor Bearing Sales (K Units) Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Europe Sensor Bearing Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Sensor Bearing Sales (K Units) Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Japan Sensor Bearing Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure China Sensor Bearing Sales (K Units) Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table China Sensor Bearing Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table Global Sensor Bearing Sales by Type (2015-2020)
Table Global Sensor Bearing Sales Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
Figure Global Sensor Bearing Sales Market Share by Type in 2019
Table Global Sensor Bearing Revenue by Type (2015-2020)
Table Global Sensor Bearing Revenue Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
Figure Global Sensor Bearing Revenue Market Share by Type in 2019
Figure Global Speed Sensor Bearing Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Speed Sensor Bearing Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Temperature Sensor Bearing Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Temperature Sensor Bearing Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Vibration Sensor Bearing Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Vibration Sensor Bearing Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Displacement Sensor Bearing Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Displacement Sensor Bearing Price (2015-2020)
Table Global Sensor Bearing Sales by Application (2015-2020)
Table Global Sensor Bearing Sales Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Figure Global Sensor Bearing Sales Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure Global Automotive Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Aerospace & Defense Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Oil & Gas Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Metal & Mining Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Sensor Bearing Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Global Sensor Bearing Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Global Sensor Bearing Price and Trend Forecast (2020-2025)
Table Global Sensor Bearing Sales (K Units) Forecast by Region (2020-2025)
Figure Global Sensor Bearing Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2020-2025)
Figure North America Sensor Bearing Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure North America Sensor Bearing Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Sensor Bearing Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Sensor Bearing Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Japan Sensor Bearing Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Japan Sensor Bearing Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure China Sensor Bearing Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure China Sensor Bearing Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Table Jtekt Company Profile
Figure Sensor Bearing Product Picture and Specifications of Jtekt
Table Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin of 2018-2020
Figure Jtekt Sensor Bearing Market Share (2018-2020)
Table Jtekt Main Business
Table Jtekt Recent Development
Table Mageba SA Company Profile
Figure Sensor Bearing Product Picture and Specifications of Mageba SA
Table Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin of 2018-2020
Figure Mageba SA Sensor Bearing Market Share (2018-2020)
Table Mageba SA Main Business
Table Mageba SA Recent Development
Table The Timken Company Company Profile
Figure Sensor Bearing Product Picture and Specifications of The Timken Company
Table Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin of 2018-2020
Figure The Timken Company Sensor Bearing Market Share (2018-2020)
Table The Timken Company Main Business
Table The Timken Company Recent Development
Table SKF Company Profile
Figure Sensor Bearing Product Picture and Specifications of SKF
Table Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin of 2018-2020
Figure SKF Sensor Bearing Market Share (2018-2020)
Table SKF Main Business
Table SKF Recent Development
Table Thomson Industries Company Profile
Figure Sensor Bearing Product Picture and Specifications of Thomson Industries
Table Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin of 2018-2020
Figure Thomson Industries Sensor Bearing Market Share (2018-2020)
Table Thomson Industries Main Business
Table Thomson Industries Recent Development
Table NTN Corporation Company Profile
Figure Sensor Bearing Product Picture and Specifications of NTN Corporation
Table Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin of 2018-2020
Figure NTN Corporation Sensor Bearing Market Share (2018-2020)
Table NTN Corporation Main Business
Table NTN Corporation Recent Development
Table Fersa Bearings Company Profile
Figure Sensor Bearing Product Picture and Specifications of Fersa Bearings
Table Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin of 2018-2020
Figure Fersa Bearings Sensor Bearing Market Share (2018-2020)
Table Fersa Bearings Main Business
Table Fersa Bearings Recent Development
Table NSK Company Profile
Figure Sensor Bearing Product Picture and Specifications of NSK
Table Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin of 2018-2020
Figure NSK Sensor Bearing Market Share (2018-2020)
Table NSK Main Business
Table NSK Recent Development
Table Schaeffler Company Profile
Figure Sensor Bearing Product Picture and Specifications of Schaeffler
Table Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin of 2018-2020
Figure Schaeffler Sensor Bearing Market Share (2018-2020)
Table Schaeffler Main Business
Table Schaeffler Recent Development
Table Brtec Company Profile
Figure Sensor Bearing Product Picture and Specifications of Brtec
Table Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin of 2018-2020
Figure Brtec Sensor Bearing Market Share (2018-2020)
Table Brtec Main Business
Table Brtec Recent Development
Table Nachi Europe Company Profile
Figure Sensor Bearing Product Picture and Specifications of Nachi Europe
Table Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin of 2018-2020
Figure Nachi Europe Sensor Bearing Market Share (2018-2020)
Table Nachi Europe Main Business
Table Nachi Europe Recent Development
Table Wafangdian Bearing Company Profile
Figure Sensor Bearing Product Picture and Specifications of Wafangdian Bearing
Table Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin of 2018-2020
Figure Wafangdian Bearing Sensor Bearing Market Share (2018-2020)
Table Wafangdian Bearing Main Business
Table Wafangdian Bearing Recent Development
Table Harbin Bearing Manufacturing Company Profile
Figure Sensor Bearing Product Picture and Specifications of Harbin Bearing Manufacturing
Table Sensor Bearing Production, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin of 2018-2020
Figure Harbin Bearing Manufacturing Sensor Bearing Market Share (2018-2020)
Table Harbin Bearing Manufacturing Main Business
Table Harbin Bearing Manufacturing Recent Development
Table of Appendix