Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer Supply, Demand and Key Producers, 2023-2029
The global PXI Vector Network Analyzer market size is expected to reach $ million by 2029, rising at a market growth of % CAGR during the forecast period (2023-2029).
The PXI (PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation) Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) is a specialized test and measurement instrument that operates on the PXI platform. It combines the capabilities of a network analyzer with the advantages of the PXI modular architecture, offering high-performance measurements in a compact and flexible form factor. The PXI VNA market has been growing steadily due to its numerous applications across different industries.
This report studies the global PXI Vector Network Analyzer production, demand, key manufacturers, and key regions.
This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the world market for PXI Vector Network Analyzer, and provides market size (US$ million) and Year-over-Year (YoY) Growth, considering 2022 as the base year. This report explores demand trends and competition, as well as details the characteristics of PXI Vector Network Analyzer that contribute to its increasing demand across many markets.
Highlights and key features of the study
Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer total production and demand, 2018-2029, (K Units)
Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer total production value, 2018-2029, (USD Million)
Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer production by region & country, production, value, CAGR, 2018-2029, (USD Million) & (K Units)
Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer consumption by region & country, CAGR, 2018-2029 & (K Units)
U.S. VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer domestic production, consumption, key domestic manufacturers and share
Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer production by manufacturer, production, price, value and market share 2018-2023, (USD Million) & (K Units)
Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer production by Built-In Ports, production, value, CAGR, 2018-2029, (USD Million) & (K Units)
Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer production by Application production, value, CAGR, 2018-2029, (USD Million) & (K Units)
This reports profiles key players in the global PXI Vector Network Analyzer market based on the following parameters – company overview, production, value, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include National Instruments, Keysight and Copper Mountain Technologies, etc.
This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals, COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence.
Stakeholders would have ease in decision-making through various strategy matrices used in analyzing the World PXI Vector Network Analyzer market
Detailed Segmentation:
Each section contains quantitative market data including market by value (US$ Millions), volume (production, consumption) & (K Units) and average price (US$/Unit) by manufacturer, by Built-In Ports, and by Application. Data is given for the years 2018-2029 by year with 2022 as the base year, 2023 as the estimate year, and 2024-2029 as the forecast year.
Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market, By Region:
1. How big is the global PXI Vector Network Analyzer market?
2. What is the demand of the global PXI Vector Network Analyzer market?
3. What is the year over year growth of the global PXI Vector Network Analyzer market?
4. What is the production and production value of the global PXI Vector Network Analyzer market?
5. Who are the key producers in the global PXI Vector Network Analyzer market?
6. What are the growth factors driving the market demand?
The PXI (PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation) Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) is a specialized test and measurement instrument that operates on the PXI platform. It combines the capabilities of a network analyzer with the advantages of the PXI modular architecture, offering high-performance measurements in a compact and flexible form factor. The PXI VNA market has been growing steadily due to its numerous applications across different industries.
This report studies the global PXI Vector Network Analyzer production, demand, key manufacturers, and key regions.
This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the world market for PXI Vector Network Analyzer, and provides market size (US$ million) and Year-over-Year (YoY) Growth, considering 2022 as the base year. This report explores demand trends and competition, as well as details the characteristics of PXI Vector Network Analyzer that contribute to its increasing demand across many markets.
Highlights and key features of the study
Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer total production and demand, 2018-2029, (K Units)
Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer total production value, 2018-2029, (USD Million)
Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer production by region & country, production, value, CAGR, 2018-2029, (USD Million) & (K Units)
Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer consumption by region & country, CAGR, 2018-2029 & (K Units)
U.S. VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer domestic production, consumption, key domestic manufacturers and share
Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer production by manufacturer, production, price, value and market share 2018-2023, (USD Million) & (K Units)
Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer production by Built-In Ports, production, value, CAGR, 2018-2029, (USD Million) & (K Units)
Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer production by Application production, value, CAGR, 2018-2029, (USD Million) & (K Units)
This reports profiles key players in the global PXI Vector Network Analyzer market based on the following parameters – company overview, production, value, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include National Instruments, Keysight and Copper Mountain Technologies, etc.
This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals, COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence.
Stakeholders would have ease in decision-making through various strategy matrices used in analyzing the World PXI Vector Network Analyzer market
Detailed Segmentation:
Each section contains quantitative market data including market by value (US$ Millions), volume (production, consumption) & (K Units) and average price (US$/Unit) by manufacturer, by Built-In Ports, and by Application. Data is given for the years 2018-2029 by year with 2022 as the base year, 2023 as the estimate year, and 2024-2029 as the forecast year.
Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market, By Region:
- United States
- China
- Europe
- Japan
- South Korea
- ASEAN
- India
- Rest of World
- 2 Ports
- 4 Ports
- 6 Ports
- Others
- Aerospace & Defense
- Telecommunications
- Semiconductor
- Others
- National Instruments
- Keysight
- Copper Mountain Technologies
1. How big is the global PXI Vector Network Analyzer market?
2. What is the demand of the global PXI Vector Network Analyzer market?
3. What is the year over year growth of the global PXI Vector Network Analyzer market?
4. What is the production and production value of the global PXI Vector Network Analyzer market?
5. Who are the key producers in the global PXI Vector Network Analyzer market?
6. What are the growth factors driving the market demand?
1 SUPPLY SUMMARY
1.1 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Introduction
1.2 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Supply & Forecast
1.2.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
1.2.2 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029)
1.2.3 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Pricing Trends (2018-2029)
1.3 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Region (Based on Production Site)
1.3.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Region (2018-2029)
1.3.2 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Region (2018-2029)
1.3.3 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Region (2018-2029)
1.3.4 North America PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029)
1.3.5 Europe PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029)
1.3.6 China PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029)
1.3.7 Japan PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029)
1.4 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.4.1 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market Drivers
1.4.2 Factors Affecting Demand
1.4.3 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Major Market Trends
1.5 Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War
1.5.1 Influence of COVID-19
1.5.2 Influence of Russia-Ukraine War
2 DEMAND SUMMARY
2.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Demand (2018-2029)
2.2 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption by Region
2.2.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption by Region (2018-2023)
2.2.2 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Forecast by Region (2024-2029)
2.3 United States PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029)
2.4 China PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029)
2.5 Europe PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029)
2.6 Japan PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029)
2.7 South Korea PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029)
2.8 ASEAN PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029)
2.9 India PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029)
3 WORLD PXI VECTOR NETWORK ANALYZER MANUFACTURERS COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS
3.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.2 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.3 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.4 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Company Evaluation Quadrant
3.5 Industry Rank and Concentration Rate (CR)
3.5.1 Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer Industry Rank of Major Manufacturers
3.5.2 Global Concentration Ratios (CR4) for PXI Vector Network Analyzer in 2022
3.5.3 Global Concentration Ratios (CR8) for PXI Vector Network Analyzer in 2022
3.6 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
3.6.1 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market: Region Footprint
3.6.2 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market: Company Product Type Footprint
3.6.3 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market: Company Product Application Footprint
3.7 Competitive Environment
3.7.1 Historical Structure of the Industry
3.7.2 Barriers of Market Entry
3.7.3 Factors of Competition
3.8 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
3.9 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
4 UNITED STATES VS CHINA VS REST OF THE WORLD
4.1 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Comparison
4.1.1 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.1.2 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.2 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Comparison
4.2.1 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.2.2 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.3 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Comparison
4.3.1 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.3.2 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.4 United States Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers and Market Share, 2018-2023
4.4.1 United States Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (States, Country)
4.4.2 United States Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value (2018-2023)
4.4.3 United States Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2023)
4.5 China Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers and Market Share
4.5.1 China Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (Province, Country)
4.5.2 China Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value (2018-2023)
4.5.3 China Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2023)
4.6 Rest of World Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers and Market Share, 2018-2023
4.6.1 Rest of World Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (State, Country)
4.6.2 Rest of World Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value (2018-2023)
4.6.3 Rest of World Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2023)
5 MARKET ANALYSIS BY BUILT-IN PORTS
5.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market Size Overview by Built-In Ports: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
5.2 Segment Introduction by Built-In Ports
5.2.1 2 Ports
5.2.2 4 Ports
5.2.3 6 Ports
5.2.4 Others
5.3 Market Segment by Built-In Ports
5.3.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Built-In Ports (2018-2029)
5.3.2 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Built-In Ports (2018-2029)
5.3.3 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Built-In Ports (2018-2029)
6 MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION
6.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market Size Overview by Application: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
6.2 Segment Introduction by Application
6.2.1 Aerospace & Defense
6.2.2 Telecommunications
6.2.3 Semiconductor
6.2.4 Others
6.3 Market Segment by Application
6.3.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Application (2018-2029)
6.3.2 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Application (2018-2029)
6.3.3 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Application (2018-2029)
7 COMPANY PROFILES
7.1 National Instruments
7.1.1 National Instruments Details
7.1.2 National Instruments Major Business
7.1.3 National Instruments PXI Vector Network Analyzer Product and Services
7.1.4 National Instruments PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production, Price, Value, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.1.5 National Instruments Recent Developments/Updates
7.1.6 National Instruments Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.2 Keysight
7.2.1 Keysight Details
7.2.2 Keysight Major Business
7.2.3 Keysight PXI Vector Network Analyzer Product and Services
7.2.4 Keysight PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production, Price, Value, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Keysight Recent Developments/Updates
7.2.6 Keysight Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.3 Copper Mountain Technologies
7.3.1 Copper Mountain Technologies Details
7.3.2 Copper Mountain Technologies Major Business
7.3.3 Copper Mountain Technologies PXI Vector Network Analyzer Product and Services
7.3.4 Copper Mountain Technologies PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production, Price, Value, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Copper Mountain Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
7.3.6 Copper Mountain Technologies Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
8 INDUSTRY CHAIN ANALYSIS
8.1 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Industry Chain
8.2 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Upstream Analysis
8.2.1 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Core Raw Materials
8.2.2 Main Manufacturers of PXI Vector Network Analyzer Core Raw Materials
8.3 Midstream Analysis
8.4 Downstream Analysis
8.5 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Mode
8.6 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Procurement Model
8.7 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Industry Sales Model and Sales Channels
8.7.1 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Sales Model
8.7.2 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Typical Customers
9 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
10 APPENDIX
10.1 Methodology
10.2 Research Process and Data Source
10.3 Disclaimer
1.1 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Introduction
1.2 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Supply & Forecast
1.2.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
1.2.2 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029)
1.2.3 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Pricing Trends (2018-2029)
1.3 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Region (Based on Production Site)
1.3.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Region (2018-2029)
1.3.2 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Region (2018-2029)
1.3.3 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Region (2018-2029)
1.3.4 North America PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029)
1.3.5 Europe PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029)
1.3.6 China PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029)
1.3.7 Japan PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029)
1.4 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.4.1 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market Drivers
1.4.2 Factors Affecting Demand
1.4.3 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Major Market Trends
1.5 Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War
1.5.1 Influence of COVID-19
1.5.2 Influence of Russia-Ukraine War
2 DEMAND SUMMARY
2.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Demand (2018-2029)
2.2 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption by Region
2.2.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption by Region (2018-2023)
2.2.2 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Forecast by Region (2024-2029)
2.3 United States PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029)
2.4 China PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029)
2.5 Europe PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029)
2.6 Japan PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029)
2.7 South Korea PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029)
2.8 ASEAN PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029)
2.9 India PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029)
3 WORLD PXI VECTOR NETWORK ANALYZER MANUFACTURERS COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS
3.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.2 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.3 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.4 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Company Evaluation Quadrant
3.5 Industry Rank and Concentration Rate (CR)
3.5.1 Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer Industry Rank of Major Manufacturers
3.5.2 Global Concentration Ratios (CR4) for PXI Vector Network Analyzer in 2022
3.5.3 Global Concentration Ratios (CR8) for PXI Vector Network Analyzer in 2022
3.6 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
3.6.1 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market: Region Footprint
3.6.2 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market: Company Product Type Footprint
3.6.3 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market: Company Product Application Footprint
3.7 Competitive Environment
3.7.1 Historical Structure of the Industry
3.7.2 Barriers of Market Entry
3.7.3 Factors of Competition
3.8 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
3.9 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
4 UNITED STATES VS CHINA VS REST OF THE WORLD
4.1 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Comparison
4.1.1 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.1.2 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.2 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Comparison
4.2.1 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.2.2 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.3 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Comparison
4.3.1 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.3.2 United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.4 United States Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers and Market Share, 2018-2023
4.4.1 United States Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (States, Country)
4.4.2 United States Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value (2018-2023)
4.4.3 United States Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2023)
4.5 China Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers and Market Share
4.5.1 China Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (Province, Country)
4.5.2 China Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value (2018-2023)
4.5.3 China Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2023)
4.6 Rest of World Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers and Market Share, 2018-2023
4.6.1 Rest of World Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (State, Country)
4.6.2 Rest of World Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value (2018-2023)
4.6.3 Rest of World Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2023)
5 MARKET ANALYSIS BY BUILT-IN PORTS
5.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market Size Overview by Built-In Ports: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
5.2 Segment Introduction by Built-In Ports
5.2.1 2 Ports
5.2.2 4 Ports
5.2.3 6 Ports
5.2.4 Others
5.3 Market Segment by Built-In Ports
5.3.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Built-In Ports (2018-2029)
5.3.2 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Built-In Ports (2018-2029)
5.3.3 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Built-In Ports (2018-2029)
6 MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION
6.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market Size Overview by Application: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
6.2 Segment Introduction by Application
6.2.1 Aerospace & Defense
6.2.2 Telecommunications
6.2.3 Semiconductor
6.2.4 Others
6.3 Market Segment by Application
6.3.1 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Application (2018-2029)
6.3.2 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Application (2018-2029)
6.3.3 World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Application (2018-2029)
7 COMPANY PROFILES
7.1 National Instruments
7.1.1 National Instruments Details
7.1.2 National Instruments Major Business
7.1.3 National Instruments PXI Vector Network Analyzer Product and Services
7.1.4 National Instruments PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production, Price, Value, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.1.5 National Instruments Recent Developments/Updates
7.1.6 National Instruments Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.2 Keysight
7.2.1 Keysight Details
7.2.2 Keysight Major Business
7.2.3 Keysight PXI Vector Network Analyzer Product and Services
7.2.4 Keysight PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production, Price, Value, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Keysight Recent Developments/Updates
7.2.6 Keysight Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.3 Copper Mountain Technologies
7.3.1 Copper Mountain Technologies Details
7.3.2 Copper Mountain Technologies Major Business
7.3.3 Copper Mountain Technologies PXI Vector Network Analyzer Product and Services
7.3.4 Copper Mountain Technologies PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production, Price, Value, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Copper Mountain Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
7.3.6 Copper Mountain Technologies Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
8 INDUSTRY CHAIN ANALYSIS
8.1 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Industry Chain
8.2 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Upstream Analysis
8.2.1 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Core Raw Materials
8.2.2 Main Manufacturers of PXI Vector Network Analyzer Core Raw Materials
8.3 Midstream Analysis
8.4 Downstream Analysis
8.5 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Mode
8.6 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Procurement Model
8.7 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Industry Sales Model and Sales Channels
8.7.1 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Sales Model
8.7.2 PXI Vector Network Analyzer Typical Customers
9 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
10 APPENDIX
10.1 Methodology
10.2 Research Process and Data Source
10.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Region (2018, 2022 and 2029) & (USD Million)
Table 2. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 3. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 4. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share by Region (2018-2023)
Table 5. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share by Region (2024-2029)
Table 6. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 7. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Region (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 8. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share by Region (2018-2023)
Table 9. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share by Region (2024-2029)
Table 10. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Region (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 11. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Region (2024-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Table 12. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Major Market Trends
Table 13. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (K Units)
Table 14. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption by Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 15. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Forecast by Region (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 16. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 17. Production Value Market Share of Key PXI Vector Network Analyzer Producers in 2022
Table 18. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 19. Production Market Share of Key PXI Vector Network Analyzer Producers in 2022
Table 20. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 21. Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer Company Evaluation Quadrant
Table 22. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Industry Rank of Major Manufacturers, Based on Production Value in 2022
Table 23. Head Office and PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Site of Key Manufacturer
Table 24. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market: Company Product Type Footprint
Table 25. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market: Company Product Application Footprint
Table 26. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Competitive Factors
Table 27. PXI Vector Network Analyzer New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
Table 28. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Mergers & Acquisitions Activity
Table 29. United States VS China PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Comparison, (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (USD Million)
Table 30. United States VS China PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Comparison, (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (K Units)
Table 31. United States VS China PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Comparison, (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (K Units)
Table 32. United States Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (States, Country)
Table 33. United States Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value, (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 34. United States Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 35. United States Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 36. United States Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 37. China Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (Province, Country)
Table 38. China Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value, (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 39. China Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 40. China Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 41. China Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 42. Rest of World Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (States, Country)
Table 43. Rest of World Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value, (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 44. Rest of World Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 45. Rest of World Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 46. Rest of World Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 47. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Built-In Ports, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 48. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Built-In Ports (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 49. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Built-In Ports (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 50. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Built-In Ports (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 51. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Built-In Ports (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 52. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Built-In Ports (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 53. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Built-In Ports (2024-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Table 54. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 55. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 56. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 57. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Application (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 58. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Application (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 59. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Application (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 60. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Application (2024-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Table 61. National Instruments Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 62. National Instruments Major Business
Table 63. National Instruments PXI Vector Network Analyzer Product and Services
Table 64. National Instruments PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Production Value (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 65. National Instruments Recent Developments/Updates
Table 66. National Instruments Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 67. Keysight Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 68. Keysight Major Business
Table 69. Keysight PXI Vector Network Analyzer Product and Services
Table 70. Keysight PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Production Value (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 71. Keysight Recent Developments/Updates
Table 72. Copper Mountain Technologies Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 73. Copper Mountain Technologies Major Business
Table 74. Copper Mountain Technologies PXI Vector Network Analyzer Product and Services
Table 75. Copper Mountain Technologies PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Production Value (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 76. Global Key Players of PXI Vector Network Analyzer Upstream (Raw Materials)
Table 77. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Typical Customers
Table 78. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Typical Distributors
Table 1. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Region (2018, 2022 and 2029) & (USD Million)
Table 2. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 3. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 4. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share by Region (2018-2023)
Table 5. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share by Region (2024-2029)
Table 6. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 7. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Region (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 8. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share by Region (2018-2023)
Table 9. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share by Region (2024-2029)
Table 10. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Region (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 11. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Region (2024-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Table 12. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Major Market Trends
Table 13. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (K Units)
Table 14. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption by Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 15. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Forecast by Region (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 16. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 17. Production Value Market Share of Key PXI Vector Network Analyzer Producers in 2022
Table 18. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 19. Production Market Share of Key PXI Vector Network Analyzer Producers in 2022
Table 20. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 21. Global PXI Vector Network Analyzer Company Evaluation Quadrant
Table 22. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Industry Rank of Major Manufacturers, Based on Production Value in 2022
Table 23. Head Office and PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Site of Key Manufacturer
Table 24. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market: Company Product Type Footprint
Table 25. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market: Company Product Application Footprint
Table 26. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Competitive Factors
Table 27. PXI Vector Network Analyzer New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
Table 28. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Mergers & Acquisitions Activity
Table 29. United States VS China PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Comparison, (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (USD Million)
Table 30. United States VS China PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Comparison, (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (K Units)
Table 31. United States VS China PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Comparison, (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (K Units)
Table 32. United States Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (States, Country)
Table 33. United States Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value, (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 34. United States Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 35. United States Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 36. United States Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 37. China Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (Province, Country)
Table 38. China Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value, (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 39. China Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 40. China Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 41. China Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 42. Rest of World Based PXI Vector Network Analyzer Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (States, Country)
Table 43. Rest of World Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value, (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 44. Rest of World Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 45. Rest of World Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 46. Rest of World Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 47. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Built-In Ports, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 48. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Built-In Ports (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 49. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Built-In Ports (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 50. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Built-In Ports (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 51. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Built-In Ports (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 52. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Built-In Ports (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 53. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Built-In Ports (2024-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Table 54. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 55. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 56. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 57. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Application (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 58. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Application (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 59. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Application (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 60. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Application (2024-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Table 61. National Instruments Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 62. National Instruments Major Business
Table 63. National Instruments PXI Vector Network Analyzer Product and Services
Table 64. National Instruments PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Production Value (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 65. National Instruments Recent Developments/Updates
Table 66. National Instruments Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 67. Keysight Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 68. Keysight Major Business
Table 69. Keysight PXI Vector Network Analyzer Product and Services
Table 70. Keysight PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Production Value (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 71. Keysight Recent Developments/Updates
Table 72. Copper Mountain Technologies Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 73. Copper Mountain Technologies Major Business
Table 74. Copper Mountain Technologies PXI Vector Network Analyzer Product and Services
Table 75. Copper Mountain Technologies PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Production Value (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 76. Global Key Players of PXI Vector Network Analyzer Upstream (Raw Materials)
Table 77. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Typical Customers
Table 78. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Typical Distributors
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Picture
Figure 2. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value: 2018 & 2022 & 2029, (USD Million)
Figure 3. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value and Forecast (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 4. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 5. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price (2018-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 6. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 7. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 8. North America PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 9. Europe PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 10. China PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 11. Japan PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 12. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market Drivers
Figure 13. Factors Affecting Demand
Figure 14. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 15. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 16. United States PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 17. China PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 18. Europe PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 19. Japan PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 20. South Korea PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 21. ASEAN PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 22. India PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 23. Producer Shipments of PXI Vector Network Analyzer by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2022
Figure 24. Global Four-firm Concentration Ratios (CR4) for PXI Vector Network Analyzer Markets in 2022
Figure 25. Global Four-firm Concentration Ratios (CR8) for PXI Vector Network Analyzer Markets in 2022
Figure 26. United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
Figure 27. United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
Figure 28. United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
Figure 29. United States Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share 2022
Figure 30. China Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share 2022
Figure 31. Rest of World Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share 2022
Figure 32. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Built-In Ports, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 33. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share by Built-In Ports in 2022
Figure 34. 2 Ports
Figure 35. 4 Ports
Figure 36. 6 Ports
Figure 37. Others
Figure 38. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share by Built-In Ports (2018-2029)
Figure 39. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share by Built-In Ports (2018-2029)
Figure 40. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Built-In Ports (2018-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 41. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 42. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share by Application in 2022
Figure 43. Aerospace & Defense
Figure 44. Telecommunications
Figure 45. Semiconductor
Figure 46. Others
Figure 47. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 48. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 49. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Application (2018-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 50. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Industry Chain
Figure 51. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Procurement Model
Figure 52. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Sales Model
Figure 53. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Sales Channels, Direct Sales, and Distribution
Figure 54. Methodology
Figure 55. Research Process and Data Source
Figure 1. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Picture
Figure 2. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value: 2018 & 2022 & 2029, (USD Million)
Figure 3. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value and Forecast (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 4. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 5. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price (2018-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 6. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 7. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 8. North America PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 9. Europe PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 10. China PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 11. Japan PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 12. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Market Drivers
Figure 13. Factors Affecting Demand
Figure 14. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 15. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 16. United States PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 17. China PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 18. Europe PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 19. Japan PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 20. South Korea PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 21. ASEAN PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 22. India PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 23. Producer Shipments of PXI Vector Network Analyzer by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2022
Figure 24. Global Four-firm Concentration Ratios (CR4) for PXI Vector Network Analyzer Markets in 2022
Figure 25. Global Four-firm Concentration Ratios (CR8) for PXI Vector Network Analyzer Markets in 2022
Figure 26. United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
Figure 27. United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
Figure 28. United States VS China: PXI Vector Network Analyzer Consumption Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
Figure 29. United States Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share 2022
Figure 30. China Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share 2022
Figure 31. Rest of World Based Manufacturers PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share 2022
Figure 32. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Built-In Ports, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 33. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share by Built-In Ports in 2022
Figure 34. 2 Ports
Figure 35. 4 Ports
Figure 36. 6 Ports
Figure 37. Others
Figure 38. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share by Built-In Ports (2018-2029)
Figure 39. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share by Built-In Ports (2018-2029)
Figure 40. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Built-In Ports (2018-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 41. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 42. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share by Application in 2022
Figure 43. Aerospace & Defense
Figure 44. Telecommunications
Figure 45. Semiconductor
Figure 46. Others
Figure 47. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 48. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Production Value Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 49. World PXI Vector Network Analyzer Average Price by Application (2018-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 50. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Industry Chain
Figure 51. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Procurement Model
Figure 52. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Sales Model
Figure 53. PXI Vector Network Analyzer Sales Channels, Direct Sales, and Distribution
Figure 54. Methodology
Figure 55. Research Process and Data Source
