[email protected] +44 20 8123 2220 (UK) +1 732 587 5005 (US) Contact Us | FAQ |

Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Market Growth 2023-2029

August 2023 | 114 pages | ID: GAC2B09C4B27EN
LP Information

US$ 3,660.00

E-mail Delivery (PDF)

Download PDF Leaflet

Accepted cards
Wire Transfer
Checkout Later
Need Help? Ask a Question
The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 48 hours after order is placed.

According to our (LP Info Research) latest study, the global Petrochemical Air Cooler market size was valued at US$ million in 2022. With growing demand in downstream market and recovery from influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War, the Petrochemical Air Cooler is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ million by 2029 with a CAGR of % during review period.

The research report highlights the growth potential of the global Petrochemical Air Cooler market. With recovery from influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War, Petrochemical Air Cooler are expected to show stable growth in the future market. However, product differentiation, reducing costs, and supply chain optimization remain crucial for the widespread adoption of Petrochemical Air Cooler. Market players need to invest in research and development, forge strategic partnerships, and align their offerings with evolving consumer preferences to capitalize on the immense opportunities presented by the Petrochemical Air Cooler market.

Petrochemical Air Cooler (Petrochemical Air Cooler) is a heat exchange equipment used in the petrochemical industry process, mainly used to cool the high temperature gas or liquid produced in the petrochemical process. It transfers heat and cools it down to the desired temperature by bringing a cooling medium (usually air) into contact with a high-temperature gas or liquid.

Petrochemical air coolers usually consist of a series of tube bundles and fins. High-temperature gas or liquid flows through the inside of the tube bundle, while the cooling medium (air) flows through the surface of the fins to achieve heat transfer. Through the increased surface area of the fins, petrochemical air coolers are able to increase heat transfer efficiency, thereby effectively cooling petrochemical fluids.

Key Features:

The report on Petrochemical Air Cooler market reflects various aspects and provide valuable insights into the industry.

Market Size and Growth: The research report provide an overview of the current size and growth of the Petrochemical Air Cooler market. It may include historical data, market segmentation by Type (e.g., Dry Air Cooler, Combined Wet and Dry Air Cooler), and regional breakdowns.

Market Drivers and Challenges: The report can identify and analyse the factors driving the growth of the Petrochemical Air Cooler market, such as government regulations, environmental concerns, technological advancements, and changing consumer preferences. It can also highlight the challenges faced by the industry, including infrastructure limitations, range anxiety, and high upfront costs.

Competitive Landscape: The research report provides analysis of the competitive landscape within the Petrochemical Air Cooler market. It includes profiles of key players, their market share, strategies, and product offerings. The report can also highlight emerging players and their potential impact on the market.

Technological Developments: The research report can delve into the latest technological developments in the Petrochemical Air Cooler industry. This include advancements in Petrochemical Air Cooler technology, Petrochemical Air Cooler new entrants, Petrochemical Air Cooler new investment, and other innovations that are shaping the future of Petrochemical Air Cooler.

Downstream Procumbent Preference: The report can shed light on customer procumbent behaviour and adoption trends in the Petrochemical Air Cooler market. It includes factors influencing customer ' purchasing decisions, preferences for Petrochemical Air Cooler product.

Government Policies and Incentives: The research report analyse the impact of government policies and incentives on the Petrochemical Air Cooler market. This may include an assessment of regulatory frameworks, subsidies, tax incentives, and other measures aimed at promoting Petrochemical Air Cooler market. The report also evaluates the effectiveness of these policies in driving market growth.

Environmental Impact and Sustainability: The research report assess the environmental impact and sustainability aspects of the Petrochemical Air Cooler market.

Market Forecasts and Future Outlook: Based on the analysis conducted, the research report provide market forecasts and outlook for the Petrochemical Air Cooler industry. This includes projections of market size, growth rates, regional trends, and predictions on technological advancements and policy developments.

Recommendations and Opportunities: The report conclude with recommendations for industry stakeholders, policymakers, and investors. It highlights potential opportunities for market players to capitalize on emerging trends, overcome challenges, and contribute to the growth and development of the Petrochemical Air Cooler market.

Market Segmentation:

Petrochemical Air Cooler market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2018-2029, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of volume and value.

Segmentation by type
  • Dry Air Cooler
  • Combined Wet and Dry Air Cooler
Segmentation by application
  • Refinery
  • Chemical Plant
  • Heat Recovery in Petrochemical Plants
  • Others
This report also splits the market by region:
  • Americas
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
    • Brazil
  • APAC
    • China
    • Japan
    • Korea
    • Southeast Asia
    • India
    • Australia
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • France
    • UK
    • Italy
    • Russia
  • Middle East & Africa
    • Egypt
    • South Africa
    • Israel
    • Turkey
    • GCC Countries
The below companies that are profiled have been selected based on inputs gathered from primary experts and analyzing the company's coverage, product portfolio, its market penetration.
  • Chart Industries
  • Kelvion
  • Lanzhou LS Heat Exchange Equipment Co., Ltd.
  • Shuangliang Eco-Energy Systems Co., Ltd.
  • Harbin Air Conditioning Co., Ltd.
  • SPX Flow
  • Alfa Laval
  • Johnson Controls International PLC
  • EVAPCO, Inc.
  • THT
  • Lanpec Technologies Limited
  • Beijing Jinghai HEAT Exchange Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd.
  • Longhua Technology Group(Luoyang) Co., Ltd.
  • Hubei Changjiang Petrochemical Equipment Co., Ltd.
  • Shandong Shengbao Heat Transfer Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Shouhang High-Tech Energy Co., Ltd.
  • Moon Environment Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Dasheng Machinery Manufacturing Jianyang City Sichuan Province Co., Ltd.
Key Questions Addressed in this Report

What is the 10-year outlook for the global Petrochemical Air Cooler market?

What factors are driving Petrochemical Air Cooler market growth, globally and by region?

Which technologies are poised for the fastest growth by market and region?

How do Petrochemical Air Cooler market opportunities vary by end market size?

How does Petrochemical Air Cooler break out type, application?

What are the influences of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine war?
1 SCOPE OF THE REPORT

1.1 Market Introduction
1.2 Years Considered
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Market Research Methodology
1.5 Research Process and Data Source
1.6 Economic Indicators
1.7 Currency Considered
1.8 Market Estimation Caveats

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2.1 World Market Overview
  2.1.1 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Annual Sales 2018-2029
  2.1.2 World Current & Future Analysis for Petrochemical Air Cooler by Geographic Region, 2018, 2022 & 2029
  2.1.3 World Current & Future Analysis for Petrochemical Air Cooler by Country/Region, 2018, 2022 & 2029
2.2 Petrochemical Air Cooler Segment by Type
  2.2.1 Dry Air Cooler
  2.2.2 Combined Wet and Dry Air Cooler
2.3 Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Type
  2.3.1 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
  2.3.2 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue and Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
  2.3.3 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sale Price by Type (2018-2023)
2.4 Petrochemical Air Cooler Segment by Application
  2.4.1 Refinery
  2.4.2 Chemical Plant
  2.4.3 Heat Recovery in Petrochemical Plants
  2.4.4 Others
2.5 Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Application
  2.5.1 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sale Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
  2.5.2 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue and Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
  2.5.3 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sale Price by Application (2018-2023)

3 GLOBAL PETROCHEMICAL AIR COOLER BY COMPANY

3.1 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Breakdown Data by Company
  3.1.1 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Annual Sales by Company (2018-2023)
  3.1.2 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Company (2018-2023)
3.2 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Annual Revenue by Company (2018-2023)
  3.2.1 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue by Company (2018-2023)
  3.2.2 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Company (2018-2023)
3.3 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sale Price by Company
3.4 Key Manufacturers Petrochemical Air Cooler Producing Area Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type
  3.4.1 Key Manufacturers Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Location Distribution
  3.4.2 Players Petrochemical Air Cooler Products Offered
3.5 Market Concentration Rate Analysis
  3.5.1 Competition Landscape Analysis
  3.5.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2018-2023)
3.6 New Products and Potential Entrants
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

4 WORLD HISTORIC REVIEW FOR PETROCHEMICAL AIR COOLER BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION

4.1 World Historic Petrochemical Air Cooler Market Size by Geographic Region (2018-2023)
  4.1.1 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Annual Sales by Geographic Region (2018-2023)
  4.1.2 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Annual Revenue by Geographic Region (2018-2023)
4.2 World Historic Petrochemical Air Cooler Market Size by Country/Region (2018-2023)
  4.2.1 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Annual Sales by Country/Region (2018-2023)
  4.2.2 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Annual Revenue by Country/Region (2018-2023)
4.3 Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Growth
4.4 APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Growth
4.5 Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Growth
4.6 Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Growth

5 AMERICAS

5.1 Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Country
  5.1.1 Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Country (2018-2023)
  5.1.2 Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue by Country (2018-2023)
5.2 Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Type
5.3 Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Application
5.4 United States
5.5 Canada
5.6 Mexico
5.7 Brazil

6 APAC

6.1 APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Region
  6.1.1 APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Region (2018-2023)
  6.1.2 APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue by Region (2018-2023)
6.2 APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Type
6.3 APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Application
6.4 China
6.5 Japan
6.6 South Korea
6.7 Southeast Asia
6.8 India
6.9 Australia
6.10 China Taiwan

7 EUROPE

7.1 Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler by Country
  7.1.1 Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Country (2018-2023)
  7.1.2 Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue by Country (2018-2023)
7.2 Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Type
7.3 Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Application
7.4 Germany
7.5 France
7.6 UK
7.7 Italy
7.8 Russia

8 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

8.1 Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler by Country
  8.1.1 Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Country (2018-2023)
  8.1.2 Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue by Country (2018-2023)
8.2 Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Type
8.3 Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Application
8.4 Egypt
8.5 South Africa
8.6 Israel
8.7 Turkey
8.8 GCC Countries

9 MARKET DRIVERS, CHALLENGES AND TRENDS

9.1 Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities
9.2 Market Challenges & Risks
9.3 Industry Trends

10 MANUFACTURING COST STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

10.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
10.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Petrochemical Air Cooler
10.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Petrochemical Air Cooler
10.4 Industry Chain Structure of Petrochemical Air Cooler

11 MARKETING, DISTRIBUTORS AND CUSTOMER

11.1 Sales Channel
  11.1.1 Direct Channels
  11.1.2 Indirect Channels
11.2 Petrochemical Air Cooler Distributors
11.3 Petrochemical Air Cooler Customer

12 WORLD FORECAST REVIEW FOR PETROCHEMICAL AIR COOLER BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION

12.1 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Market Size Forecast by Region
  12.1.1 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Forecast by Region (2024-2029)
  12.1.2 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Annual Revenue Forecast by Region (2024-2029)
12.2 Americas Forecast by Country
12.3 APAC Forecast by Region
12.4 Europe Forecast by Country
12.5 Middle East & Africa Forecast by Country
12.6 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Forecast by Type
12.7 Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Forecast by Application

13 KEY PLAYERS ANALYSIS

13.1 Chart Industries
  13.1.1 Chart Industries Company Information
  13.1.2 Chart Industries Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.1.3 Chart Industries Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.1.4 Chart Industries Main Business Overview
  13.1.5 Chart Industries Latest Developments
13.2 Kelvion
  13.2.1 Kelvion Company Information
  13.2.2 Kelvion Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.2.3 Kelvion Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.2.4 Kelvion Main Business Overview
  13.2.5 Kelvion Latest Developments
13.3 Lanzhou LS Heat Exchange Equipment Co., Ltd.
  13.3.1 Lanzhou LS Heat Exchange Equipment Co., Ltd. Company Information
  13.3.2 Lanzhou LS Heat Exchange Equipment Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.3.3 Lanzhou LS Heat Exchange Equipment Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.3.4 Lanzhou LS Heat Exchange Equipment Co., Ltd. Main Business Overview
  13.3.5 Lanzhou LS Heat Exchange Equipment Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
13.4 Shuangliang Eco-Energy Systems Co., Ltd.
  13.4.1 Shuangliang Eco-Energy Systems Co., Ltd. Company Information
  13.4.2 Shuangliang Eco-Energy Systems Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.4.3 Shuangliang Eco-Energy Systems Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.4.4 Shuangliang Eco-Energy Systems Co., Ltd. Main Business Overview
  13.4.5 Shuangliang Eco-Energy Systems Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
13.5 Harbin Air Conditioning Co., Ltd.
  13.5.1 Harbin Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. Company Information
  13.5.2 Harbin Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.5.3 Harbin Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.5.4 Harbin Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. Main Business Overview
  13.5.5 Harbin Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
13.6 SPX Flow
  13.6.1 SPX Flow Company Information
  13.6.2 SPX Flow Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.6.3 SPX Flow Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.6.4 SPX Flow Main Business Overview
  13.6.5 SPX Flow Latest Developments
13.7 Alfa Laval
  13.7.1 Alfa Laval Company Information
  13.7.2 Alfa Laval Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.7.3 Alfa Laval Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.7.4 Alfa Laval Main Business Overview
  13.7.5 Alfa Laval Latest Developments
13.8 Johnson Controls International PLC
  13.8.1 Johnson Controls International PLC Company Information
  13.8.2 Johnson Controls International PLC Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.8.3 Johnson Controls International PLC Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.8.4 Johnson Controls International PLC Main Business Overview
  13.8.5 Johnson Controls International PLC Latest Developments
13.9 EVAPCO, Inc.
  13.9.1 EVAPCO, Inc. Company Information
  13.9.2 EVAPCO, Inc. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.9.3 EVAPCO, Inc. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.9.4 EVAPCO, Inc. Main Business Overview
  13.9.5 EVAPCO, Inc. Latest Developments
13.10 THT
  13.10.1 THT Company Information
  13.10.2 THT Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.10.3 THT Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.10.4 THT Main Business Overview
  13.10.5 THT Latest Developments
13.11 Lanpec Technologies Limited
  13.11.1 Lanpec Technologies Limited Company Information
  13.11.2 Lanpec Technologies Limited Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.11.3 Lanpec Technologies Limited Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.11.4 Lanpec Technologies Limited Main Business Overview
  13.11.5 Lanpec Technologies Limited Latest Developments
13.12 Beijing Jinghai HEAT Exchange Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd.
  13.12.1 Beijing Jinghai HEAT Exchange Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd. Company Information
  13.12.2 Beijing Jinghai HEAT Exchange Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.12.3 Beijing Jinghai HEAT Exchange Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.12.4 Beijing Jinghai HEAT Exchange Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd. Main Business Overview
  13.12.5 Beijing Jinghai HEAT Exchange Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
13.13 Longhua Technology Group(Luoyang) Co., Ltd.
  13.13.1 Longhua Technology Group(Luoyang) Co., Ltd. Company Information
  13.13.2 Longhua Technology Group(Luoyang) Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.13.3 Longhua Technology Group(Luoyang) Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.13.4 Longhua Technology Group(Luoyang) Co., Ltd. Main Business Overview
  13.13.5 Longhua Technology Group(Luoyang) Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
13.14 Hubei Changjiang Petrochemical Equipment Co., Ltd.
  13.14.1 Hubei Changjiang Petrochemical Equipment Co., Ltd. Company Information
  13.14.2 Hubei Changjiang Petrochemical Equipment Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.14.3 Hubei Changjiang Petrochemical Equipment Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.14.4 Hubei Changjiang Petrochemical Equipment Co., Ltd. Main Business Overview
  13.14.5 Hubei Changjiang Petrochemical Equipment Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
13.15 Shandong Shengbao Heat Transfer Technology Co., Ltd.
  13.15.1 Shandong Shengbao Heat Transfer Technology Co., Ltd. Company Information
  13.15.2 Shandong Shengbao Heat Transfer Technology Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.15.3 Shandong Shengbao Heat Transfer Technology Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.15.4 Shandong Shengbao Heat Transfer Technology Co., Ltd. Main Business Overview
  13.15.5 Shandong Shengbao Heat Transfer Technology Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
13.16 Shouhang High-Tech Energy Co., Ltd.
  13.16.1 Shouhang High-Tech Energy Co., Ltd. Company Information
  13.16.2 Shouhang High-Tech Energy Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.16.3 Shouhang High-Tech Energy Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.16.4 Shouhang High-Tech Energy Co., Ltd. Main Business Overview
  13.16.5 Shouhang High-Tech Energy Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
13.17 Moon Environment Technology Co., Ltd.
  13.17.1 Moon Environment Technology Co., Ltd. Company Information
  13.17.2 Moon Environment Technology Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.17.3 Moon Environment Technology Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.17.4 Moon Environment Technology Co., Ltd. Main Business Overview
  13.17.5 Moon Environment Technology Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
13.18 Dasheng Machinery Manufacturing Jianyang City Sichuan Province Co., Ltd.
  13.18.1 Dasheng Machinery Manufacturing Jianyang City Sichuan Province Co., Ltd. Company Information
  13.18.2 Dasheng Machinery Manufacturing Jianyang City Sichuan Province Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
  13.18.3 Dasheng Machinery Manufacturing Jianyang City Sichuan Province Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
  13.18.4 Dasheng Machinery Manufacturing Jianyang City Sichuan Province Co., Ltd. Main Business Overview
  13.18.5 Dasheng Machinery Manufacturing Jianyang City Sichuan Province Co., Ltd. Latest Developments

14 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Petrochemical Air Cooler Annual Sales CAGR by Geographic Region (2018, 2022 & 2029) & ($ millions)
Table 2. Petrochemical Air Cooler Annual Sales CAGR by Country/Region (2018, 2022 & 2029) & ($ millions)
Table 3. Major Players of Dry Air Cooler
Table 4. Major Players of Combined Wet and Dry Air Cooler
Table 5. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 6. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
Table 7. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue by Type (2018-2023) & ($ million)
Table 8. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
Table 9. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sale Price by Type (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 10. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 11. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
Table 12. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue by Application (2018-2023)
Table 13. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
Table 14. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sale Price by Application (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 15. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Company (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 16. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Company (2018-2023)
Table 17. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue by Company (2018-2023) ($ Millions)
Table 18. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Company (2018-2023)
Table 19. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sale Price by Company (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 20. Key Manufacturers Petrochemical Air Cooler Producing Area Distribution and Sales Area
Table 21. Players Petrochemical Air Cooler Products Offered
Table 22. Petrochemical Air Cooler Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2018-2023)
Table 23. New Products and Potential Entrants
Table 24. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 25. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Geographic Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 26. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share Geographic Region (2018-2023)
Table 27. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue by Geographic Region (2018-2023) & ($ millions)
Table 28. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Geographic Region (2018-2023)
Table 29. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Country/Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 30. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2018-2023)
Table 31. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue by Country/Region (2018-2023) & ($ millions)
Table 32. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Country/Region (2018-2023)
Table 33. Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Country (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 34. Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Country (2018-2023)
Table 35. Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue by Country (2018-2023) & ($ Millions)
Table 36. Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Country (2018-2023)
Table 37. Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 38. Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 39. APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 40. APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Region (2018-2023)
Table 41. APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue by Region (2018-2023) & ($ Millions)
Table 42. APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Region (2018-2023)
Table 43. APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 44. APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 45. Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Country (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 46. Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Country (2018-2023)
Table 47. Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue by Country (2018-2023) & ($ Millions)
Table 48. Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Country (2018-2023)
Table 49. Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 50. Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 51. Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Country (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 52. Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Country (2018-2023)
Table 53. Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue by Country (2018-2023) & ($ Millions)
Table 54. Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Country (2018-2023)
Table 55. Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 56. Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 57. Key Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities of Petrochemical Air Cooler
Table 58. Key Market Challenges & Risks of Petrochemical Air Cooler
Table 59. Key Industry Trends of Petrochemical Air Cooler
Table 60. Petrochemical Air Cooler Raw Material
Table 61. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Table 62. Petrochemical Air Cooler Distributors List
Table 63. Petrochemical Air Cooler Customer List
Table 64. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Forecast by Region (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 65. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Forecast by Region (2024-2029) & ($ millions)
Table 66. Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Forecast by Country (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 67. Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Forecast by Country (2024-2029) & ($ millions)
Table 68. APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Forecast by Region (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 69. APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Forecast by Region (2024-2029) & ($ millions)
Table 70. Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Forecast by Country (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 71. Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Forecast by Country (2024-2029) & ($ millions)
Table 72. Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Forecast by Country (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 73. Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Forecast by Country (2024-2029) & ($ millions)
Table 74. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Forecast by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 75. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Forecast by Type (2024-2029) & ($ Millions)
Table 76. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Forecast by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 77. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Forecast by Application (2024-2029) & ($ Millions)
Table 78. Chart Industries Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 79. Chart Industries Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 80. Chart Industries Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 81. Chart Industries Main Business
Table 82. Chart Industries Latest Developments
Table 83. Kelvion Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 84. Kelvion Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 85. Kelvion Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 86. Kelvion Main Business
Table 87. Kelvion Latest Developments
Table 88. Lanzhou LS Heat Exchange Equipment Co., Ltd. Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 89. Lanzhou LS Heat Exchange Equipment Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 90. Lanzhou LS Heat Exchange Equipment Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 91. Lanzhou LS Heat Exchange Equipment Co., Ltd. Main Business
Table 92. Lanzhou LS Heat Exchange Equipment Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
Table 93. Shuangliang Eco-Energy Systems Co., Ltd. Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 94. Shuangliang Eco-Energy Systems Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 95. Shuangliang Eco-Energy Systems Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 96. Shuangliang Eco-Energy Systems Co., Ltd. Main Business
Table 97. Shuangliang Eco-Energy Systems Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
Table 98. Harbin Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 99. Harbin Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 100. Harbin Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 101. Harbin Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. Main Business
Table 102. Harbin Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
Table 103. SPX Flow Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 104. SPX Flow Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 105. SPX Flow Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 106. SPX Flow Main Business
Table 107. SPX Flow Latest Developments
Table 108. Alfa Laval Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 109. Alfa Laval Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 110. Alfa Laval Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 111. Alfa Laval Main Business
Table 112. Alfa Laval Latest Developments
Table 113. Johnson Controls International PLC Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 114. Johnson Controls International PLC Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 115. Johnson Controls International PLC Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 116. Johnson Controls International PLC Main Business
Table 117. Johnson Controls International PLC Latest Developments
Table 118. EVAPCO, Inc. Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 119. EVAPCO, Inc. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 120. EVAPCO, Inc. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 121. EVAPCO, Inc. Main Business
Table 122. EVAPCO, Inc. Latest Developments
Table 123. THT Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 124. THT Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 125. THT Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 126. THT Main Business
Table 127. THT Latest Developments
Table 128. Lanpec Technologies Limited Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 129. Lanpec Technologies Limited Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 130. Lanpec Technologies Limited Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 131. Lanpec Technologies Limited Main Business
Table 132. Lanpec Technologies Limited Latest Developments
Table 133. Beijing Jinghai HEAT Exchange Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd. Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 134. Beijing Jinghai HEAT Exchange Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 135. Beijing Jinghai HEAT Exchange Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 136. Beijing Jinghai HEAT Exchange Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd. Main Business
Table 137. Beijing Jinghai HEAT Exchange Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
Table 138. Longhua Technology Group(Luoyang) Co., Ltd. Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 139. Longhua Technology Group(Luoyang) Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 140. Longhua Technology Group(Luoyang) Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 141. Longhua Technology Group(Luoyang) Co., Ltd. Main Business
Table 142. Longhua Technology Group(Luoyang) Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
Table 143. Hubei Changjiang Petrochemical Equipment Co., Ltd. Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 144. Hubei Changjiang Petrochemical Equipment Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 145. Hubei Changjiang Petrochemical Equipment Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 146. Hubei Changjiang Petrochemical Equipment Co., Ltd. Main Business
Table 147. Hubei Changjiang Petrochemical Equipment Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
Table 148. Shandong Shengbao Heat Transfer Technology Co., Ltd. Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 149. Shandong Shengbao Heat Transfer Technology Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 150. Shandong Shengbao Heat Transfer Technology Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 151. Shandong Shengbao Heat Transfer Technology Co., Ltd. Main Business
Table 152. Shandong Shengbao Heat Transfer Technology Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
Table 153. Shouhang High-Tech Energy Co., Ltd. Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 154. Shouhang High-Tech Energy Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 155. Shouhang High-Tech Energy Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 156. Shouhang High-Tech Energy Co., Ltd. Main Business
Table 157. Shouhang High-Tech Energy Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
Table 158. Moon Environment Technology Co., Ltd. Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 159. Moon Environment Technology Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 160. Moon Environment Technology Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 161. Moon Environment Technology Co., Ltd. Main Business
Table 162. Moon Environment Technology Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
Table 163. Dasheng Machinery Manufacturing Jianyang City Sichuan Province Co., Ltd. Basic Information, Petrochemical Air Cooler Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 164. Dasheng Machinery Manufacturing Jianyang City Sichuan Province Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Product Portfolios and Specifications
Table 165. Dasheng Machinery Manufacturing Jianyang City Sichuan Province Co., Ltd. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table 166. Dasheng Machinery Manufacturing Jianyang City Sichuan Province Co., Ltd. Main Business
Table 167. Dasheng Machinery Manufacturing Jianyang City Sichuan Province Co., Ltd. Latest Developments

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Picture of Petrochemical Air Cooler
Figure 2. Petrochemical Air Cooler Report Years Considered
Figure 3. Research Objectives
Figure 4. Research Methodology
Figure 5. Research Process and Data Source
Figure 6. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Growth Rate 2018-2029 (K Units)
Figure 7. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth Rate 2018-2029 ($ Millions)
Figure 8. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales by Region (2018, 2022 & 2029) & ($ Millions)
Figure 9. Product Picture of Dry Air Cooler
Figure 10. Product Picture of Combined Wet and Dry Air Cooler
Figure 11. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Type in 2022
Figure 12. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
Figure 13. Petrochemical Air Cooler Consumed in Refinery
Figure 14. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Market: Refinery (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Figure 15. Petrochemical Air Cooler Consumed in Chemical Plant
Figure 16. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Market: Chemical Plant (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Figure 17. Petrochemical Air Cooler Consumed in Heat Recovery in Petrochemical Plants
Figure 18. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Market: Heat Recovery in Petrochemical Plants (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Figure 19. Petrochemical Air Cooler Consumed in Others
Figure 20. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Market: Others (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Figure 21. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Application (2022)
Figure 22. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Application in 2022
Figure 23. Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market by Company in 2022 (K Units)
Figure 24. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Company in 2022
Figure 25. Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market by Company in 2022 ($ Million)
Figure 26. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Company in 2022
Figure 27. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Geographic Region (2018-2023)
Figure 28. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Geographic Region in 2022
Figure 29. Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales 2018-2023 (K Units)
Figure 30. Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 31. APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales 2018-2023 (K Units)
Figure 32. APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 33. Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales 2018-2023 (K Units)
Figure 34. Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 35. Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales 2018-2023 (K Units)
Figure 36. Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 37. Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Country in 2022
Figure 38. Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Country in 2022
Figure 39. Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
Figure 40. Americas Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
Figure 41. United States Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 42. Canada Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 43. Mexico Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 44. Brazil Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 45. APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Region in 2022
Figure 46. APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2022
Figure 47. APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
Figure 48. APAC Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
Figure 49. China Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 50. Japan Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 51. South Korea Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 52. Southeast Asia Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 53. India Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 54. Australia Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 55. China Taiwan Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 56. Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Country in 2022
Figure 57. Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Country in 2022
Figure 58. Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
Figure 59. Europe Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
Figure 60. Germany Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 61. France Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 62. UK Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 63. Italy Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 64. Russia Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 65. Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Country in 2022
Figure 66. Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share by Country in 2022
Figure 67. Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
Figure 68. Middle East & Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
Figure 69. Egypt Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 70. South Africa Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 71. Israel Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 72. Turkey Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 73. GCC Country Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
Figure 74. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Petrochemical Air Cooler in 2022
Figure 75. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Petrochemical Air Cooler
Figure 76. Industry Chain Structure of Petrochemical Air Cooler
Figure 77. Channels of Distribution
Figure 78. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Forecast by Region (2024-2029)
Figure 79. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share Forecast by Region (2024-2029)
Figure 80. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2024-2029)
Figure 81. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2024-2029)
Figure 82. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Sales Market Share Forecast by Application (2024-2029)
Figure 83. Global Petrochemical Air Cooler Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2024-2029)


More Publications