Global Nitrogen Purging System Market Size, Manufacturers, Growth Analysis Industry Forecast to 2030
Nitrogen purging is an air-cleansing method used to ensure that no trace of harmful contaminants or gases is left in the atmosphere. The ultimate goal here is to re-stabilize the environment to prevent an explosion.
That is why the industrial use of nitrogen in the oil and gas industry is so common. When aiming to purge pipelines, for instance, dry nitrogen gas can be run through the lines to eliminate any remaining water. In addition, the nitrogen prepares pipelines or vessels that will later be exposed to flammable or explosive gases.
According to APO Research, The global Nitrogen Purging System market is projected to grow from US$ million in 2024 to US$ million by 2030, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of % during the forecast period.
Global Nitrogen Purging System main players are Praxair Technology, Air Products and Chemicals, IKM Testing, Linde, Schlumberger, Airgas, etc. Global top five manufacturers hold a share over 40%. North America is the largest market, with a share nealy 30%.
This report presents an overview of global market for Nitrogen Purging System, sales, revenue and price. Analyses of the global market trends, with historic market revenue or sales data for 2019 - 2023, estimates for 2024, and projections of CAGR through 2030.
This report researches the key producers of Nitrogen Purging System, also provides the sales of main regions and countries. Of the upcoming market potential for Nitrogen Purging System, and key regions or countries of focus to forecast this market into various segments and sub-segments. Country specific data and market value analysis for the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Germany, the U.K., Italy, Middle East, Africa, and Other Countries.
This report focuses on the Nitrogen Purging System sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking of main manufacturers, data from 2019 to 2024. Identification of the major stakeholders in the global Nitrogen Purging System market, and analysis of their competitive landscape and market positioning based on recent developments and segmental revenues. This report will help stakeholders to understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights and position their businesses and market strategies in a better way.
This report analyzes the segments data by Type and by Application, sales, revenue, and price, from 2019 to 2030. Evaluation and forecast the market size for Nitrogen Purging System sales, projected growth trends, production technology, application and end-user industry.
Descriptive company profiles of the major global players, including Praxair Technology, Air Products and Chemicals, IKM Testing, Linde, Schlumberger, Airgas, CS&P Technologies, Halliburton and BHGE, etc.
Nitrogen Purging System segment by Company
1. To analyze and research the global Nitrogen Purging System status and future forecast, involving, sales, revenue, growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.
2. To present the key manufacturers, sales, revenue, market share, and Recent Developments.
3. To split the breakdown data by regions, type, manufacturers, and Application.
4. To analyze the global and key regions Nitrogen Purging System market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints, and risks.
5. To identify Nitrogen Purging System significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions.
6. To analyze Nitrogen Purging System competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
Reasons to Buy This Report
1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global Nitrogen Purging System market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of Nitrogen Purging System and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in sales and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.
4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market.
5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally.
6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of Nitrogen Purging System.
7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Provides an overview of the Nitrogen Purging System market, including product definition, global market growth prospects, sales value, sales volume, and average price forecasts (2019-2030).
Chapter 2: Analysis key trends, drivers, challenges, and opportunities within the global Nitrogen Purging System industry.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Nitrogen Purging System manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales and value of Nitrogen Purging System in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and market size of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Sales and value of Nitrogen Purging System in country level. It provides sigmate data by type, and by application for each country/region.
Chapter 8: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 9: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 10: Concluding Insights.
Chapter 10: Concluding Insights.
That is why the industrial use of nitrogen in the oil and gas industry is so common. When aiming to purge pipelines, for instance, dry nitrogen gas can be run through the lines to eliminate any remaining water. In addition, the nitrogen prepares pipelines or vessels that will later be exposed to flammable or explosive gases.
According to APO Research, The global Nitrogen Purging System market is projected to grow from US$ million in 2024 to US$ million by 2030, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of % during the forecast period.
Global Nitrogen Purging System main players are Praxair Technology, Air Products and Chemicals, IKM Testing, Linde, Schlumberger, Airgas, etc. Global top five manufacturers hold a share over 40%. North America is the largest market, with a share nealy 30%.
This report presents an overview of global market for Nitrogen Purging System, sales, revenue and price. Analyses of the global market trends, with historic market revenue or sales data for 2019 - 2023, estimates for 2024, and projections of CAGR through 2030.
This report researches the key producers of Nitrogen Purging System, also provides the sales of main regions and countries. Of the upcoming market potential for Nitrogen Purging System, and key regions or countries of focus to forecast this market into various segments and sub-segments. Country specific data and market value analysis for the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Germany, the U.K., Italy, Middle East, Africa, and Other Countries.
This report focuses on the Nitrogen Purging System sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking of main manufacturers, data from 2019 to 2024. Identification of the major stakeholders in the global Nitrogen Purging System market, and analysis of their competitive landscape and market positioning based on recent developments and segmental revenues. This report will help stakeholders to understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights and position their businesses and market strategies in a better way.
This report analyzes the segments data by Type and by Application, sales, revenue, and price, from 2019 to 2030. Evaluation and forecast the market size for Nitrogen Purging System sales, projected growth trends, production technology, application and end-user industry.
Descriptive company profiles of the major global players, including Praxair Technology, Air Products and Chemicals, IKM Testing, Linde, Schlumberger, Airgas, CS&P Technologies, Halliburton and BHGE, etc.
Nitrogen Purging System segment by Company
- Praxair Technology
- Air Products and Chemicals
- IKM Testing
- Linde
- Schlumberger
- Airgas
- CS&P Technologies
- Halliburton
- BHGE
- CNPC
- NOV
- NPS Group
- CNOOC
- Tang Seng
- Smape Srl
- A.Hak Industrial Services BV
- Dajan
- Kerui
- DSV Pipetronix
- Dilution Nitrogen Purging
- Displacement Nitrogen Purging
- Oil & Gas
- Chemical Industry
- Metal Processing
- Others
- North America
- U.S.
- Canada
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- U.K.
- Italy
- Russia
- Asia-Pacific
- China
- Japan
- South Korea
- India
- Australia
- China Taiwan
- Indonesia
- Thailand
- Malaysia
- Latin America
- Mexico
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Middle East & Africa
- Turkey
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE
1. To analyze and research the global Nitrogen Purging System status and future forecast, involving, sales, revenue, growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.
2. To present the key manufacturers, sales, revenue, market share, and Recent Developments.
3. To split the breakdown data by regions, type, manufacturers, and Application.
4. To analyze the global and key regions Nitrogen Purging System market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints, and risks.
5. To identify Nitrogen Purging System significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions.
6. To analyze Nitrogen Purging System competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
Reasons to Buy This Report
1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global Nitrogen Purging System market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of Nitrogen Purging System and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in sales and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.
4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market.
5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally.
6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of Nitrogen Purging System.
7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Provides an overview of the Nitrogen Purging System market, including product definition, global market growth prospects, sales value, sales volume, and average price forecasts (2019-2030).
Chapter 2: Analysis key trends, drivers, challenges, and opportunities within the global Nitrogen Purging System industry.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Nitrogen Purging System manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales and value of Nitrogen Purging System in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and market size of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Sales and value of Nitrogen Purging System in country level. It provides sigmate data by type, and by application for each country/region.
Chapter 8: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 9: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 10: Concluding Insights.
Chapter 10: Concluding Insights.
1 MARKET OVERVIEW
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.2.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value (2019-2030)
1.2.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume (2019-2030)
1.2.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Average Price (2019-2030)
1.3 Assumptions and Limitations
1.4 Study Goals and Objectives
2 NITROGEN PURGING SYSTEM MARKET DYNAMICS
2.1 Nitrogen Purging System Industry Trends
2.2 Nitrogen Purging System Industry Drivers
2.3 Nitrogen Purging System Industry Opportunities and Challenges
2.4 Nitrogen Purging System Industry Restraints
3 NITROGEN PURGING SYSTEM MARKET BY COMPANY
3.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Company Revenue Ranking in 2023
3.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Revenue by Company (2019-2024)
3.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume by Company (2019-2024)
3.4 Global Nitrogen Purging System Average Price by Company (2019-2024)
3.5 Global Nitrogen Purging System Company Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
3.6 Global Nitrogen Purging System Company Manufacturing Base & Headquarters
3.7 Global Nitrogen Purging System Company, Product Type & Application
3.8 Global Nitrogen Purging System Company Commercialization Time
3.9 Market Competitive Analysis
3.9.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Market CR5 and HHI
3.9.2 Global Top 5 and 10 Company Market Share by Revenue in 2023
3.9.3 2023 Nitrogen Purging System Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier
3.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 NITROGEN PURGING SYSTEM MARKET BY TYPE
4.1 Nitrogen Purging System Type Introduction
4.1.1 Dilution Nitrogen Purging
4.1.2 Displacement Nitrogen Purging
4.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume by Type
4.2.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
4.2.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume by Type (2019-2030)
4.2.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume Share by Type (2019-2030)
4.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Type
4.3.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
4.3.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Type (2019-2030)
4.3.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type (2019-2030)
5 NITROGEN PURGING SYSTEM MARKET BY APPLICATION
5.1 Nitrogen Purging System Application Introduction
5.1.1 Oil & Gas
5.1.2 Chemical Industry
5.1.3 Metal Processing
5.1.4 Others
5.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume by Application
5.2.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
5.2.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume by Application (2019-2030)
5.2.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume Share by Application (2019-2030)
5.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Application
5.3.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
5.3.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Application (2019-2030)
5.3.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application (2019-2030)
6 NITROGEN PURGING SYSTEM MARKET BY REGION
6.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales by Region (2019-2030)
6.2.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales by Region: 2019-2024
6.2.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales by Region (2025-2030)
6.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.4 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Region (2019-2030)
6.4.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Region: 2019-2024
6.4.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Region (2025-2030)
6.5 Global Nitrogen Purging System Market Price Analysis by Region (2019-2024)
6.6 North America
6.6.1 North America Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.6.2 North America Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
6.7 Europe
6.7.1 Europe Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.7.2 Europe Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
6.8 Asia-Pacific
6.8.1 Asia-Pacific Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.8.2 Asia-Pacific Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
6.9 Latin America
6.9.1 Latin America Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.9.2 Latin America Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
6.10 Middle East & Africa
6.10.1 Middle East & Africa Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.10.2 Middle East & Africa Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
7 NITROGEN PURGING SYSTEM MARKET BY COUNTRY
7.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
7.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
7.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales by Country (2019-2030)
7.3.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales by Country (2019-2024)
7.3.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales by Country (2025-2030)
7.4 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Country (2019-2030)
7.4.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Country (2019-2024)
7.4.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Country (2025-2030)
7.5 USA
7.5.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.5.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.5.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.6 Canada
7.6.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.6.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.6.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.7 Germany
7.7.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.7.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.7.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.8 France
7.8.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.8.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.8.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.9 U.K.
7.9.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.9.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.9.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.10 Italy
7.10.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.10.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.10.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.11 Netherlands
7.11.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.11.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.11.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.12 Nordic Countries
7.12.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.12.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.12.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.13 China
7.13.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.13.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.13.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.14 Japan
7.14.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.14.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.14.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.15 South Korea
7.15.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.15.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.15.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.16 Southeast Asia
7.16.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.16.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.16.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.17 India
7.17.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.17.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.17.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.18 Australia
7.18.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.18.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.18.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.19 Mexico
7.19.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.19.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.19.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.20 Brazil
7.20.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.20.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.20.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.21 Turkey
7.21.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.21.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.21.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.22 Saudi Arabia
7.22.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.22.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.22.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.23 UAE
7.23.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.23.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.23.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
8 COMPANY PROFILES
8.1 Praxair Technology
8.1.1 Praxair Technology Comapny Information
8.1.2 Praxair Technology Business Overview
8.1.3 Praxair Technology Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.1.4 Praxair Technology Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.1.5 Praxair Technology Recent Developments
8.2 Air Products and Chemicals
8.2.1 Air Products and Chemicals Comapny Information
8.2.2 Air Products and Chemicals Business Overview
8.2.3 Air Products and Chemicals Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.2.4 Air Products and Chemicals Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.2.5 Air Products and Chemicals Recent Developments
8.3 IKM Testing
8.3.1 IKM Testing Comapny Information
8.3.2 IKM Testing Business Overview
8.3.3 IKM Testing Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.3.4 IKM Testing Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.3.5 IKM Testing Recent Developments
8.4 Linde
8.4.1 Linde Comapny Information
8.4.2 Linde Business Overview
8.4.3 Linde Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.4.4 Linde Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.4.5 Linde Recent Developments
8.5 Schlumberger
8.5.1 Schlumberger Comapny Information
8.5.2 Schlumberger Business Overview
8.5.3 Schlumberger Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.5.4 Schlumberger Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.5.5 Schlumberger Recent Developments
8.6 Airgas
8.6.1 Airgas Comapny Information
8.6.2 Airgas Business Overview
8.6.3 Airgas Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.6.4 Airgas Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.6.5 Airgas Recent Developments
8.7 CS&P Technologies
8.7.1 CS&P Technologies Comapny Information
8.7.2 CS&P Technologies Business Overview
8.7.3 CS&P Technologies Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.7.4 CS&P Technologies Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.7.5 CS&P Technologies Recent Developments
8.8 Halliburton
8.8.1 Halliburton Comapny Information
8.8.2 Halliburton Business Overview
8.8.3 Halliburton Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.8.4 Halliburton Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.8.5 Halliburton Recent Developments
8.9 BHGE
8.9.1 BHGE Comapny Information
8.9.2 BHGE Business Overview
8.9.3 BHGE Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.9.4 BHGE Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.9.5 BHGE Recent Developments
8.10 CNPC
8.10.1 CNPC Comapny Information
8.10.2 CNPC Business Overview
8.10.3 CNPC Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.10.4 CNPC Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.10.5 CNPC Recent Developments
8.11 NOV
8.11.1 NOV Comapny Information
8.11.2 NOV Business Overview
8.11.3 NOV Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.11.4 NOV Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.11.5 NOV Recent Developments
8.12 NPS Group
8.12.1 NPS Group Comapny Information
8.12.2 NPS Group Business Overview
8.12.3 NPS Group Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.12.4 NPS Group Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.12.5 NPS Group Recent Developments
8.13 CNOOC
8.13.1 CNOOC Comapny Information
8.13.2 CNOOC Business Overview
8.13.3 CNOOC Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.13.4 CNOOC Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.13.5 CNOOC Recent Developments
8.14 Tang Seng
8.14.1 Tang Seng Comapny Information
8.14.2 Tang Seng Business Overview
8.14.3 Tang Seng Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.14.4 Tang Seng Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.14.5 Tang Seng Recent Developments
8.15 Smape Srl
8.15.1 Smape Srl Comapny Information
8.15.2 Smape Srl Business Overview
8.15.3 Smape Srl Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.15.4 Smape Srl Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.15.5 Smape Srl Recent Developments
8.16 A.Hak Industrial Services BV
8.16.1 A.Hak Industrial Services BV Comapny Information
8.16.2 A.Hak Industrial Services BV Business Overview
8.16.3 A.Hak Industrial Services BV Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.16.4 A.Hak Industrial Services BV Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.16.5 A.Hak Industrial Services BV Recent Developments
8.17 Dajan
8.17.1 Dajan Comapny Information
8.17.2 Dajan Business Overview
8.17.3 Dajan Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.17.4 Dajan Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.17.5 Dajan Recent Developments
8.18 Kerui
8.18.1 Kerui Comapny Information
8.18.2 Kerui Business Overview
8.18.3 Kerui Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.18.4 Kerui Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.18.5 Kerui Recent Developments
8.19 DSV Pipetronix
8.19.1 DSV Pipetronix Comapny Information
8.19.2 DSV Pipetronix Business Overview
8.19.3 DSV Pipetronix Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.19.4 DSV Pipetronix Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.19.5 DSV Pipetronix Recent Developments
9 VALUE CHAIN AND SALES CHANNELS ANALYSIS
9.1 Nitrogen Purging System Value Chain Analysis
9.1.1 Nitrogen Purging System Key Raw Materials
9.1.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
9.1.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
9.1.4 Nitrogen Purging System Sales Mode & Process
9.2 Nitrogen Purging System Sales Channels Analysis
9.2.1 Direct Comparison with Distribution Share
9.2.2 Nitrogen Purging System Distributors
9.2.3 Nitrogen Purging System Customers
10 CONCLUDING INSIGHTS
11 APPENDIX
11.1 Reasons for Doing This Study
11.2 Research Methodology
11.3 Research Process
11.4 Authors List of This Report
11.5 Data Source
11.5.1 Secondary Sources
11.5.2 Primary Sources
11.6 Disclaimer
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.2.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value (2019-2030)
1.2.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume (2019-2030)
1.2.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Average Price (2019-2030)
1.3 Assumptions and Limitations
1.4 Study Goals and Objectives
2 NITROGEN PURGING SYSTEM MARKET DYNAMICS
2.1 Nitrogen Purging System Industry Trends
2.2 Nitrogen Purging System Industry Drivers
2.3 Nitrogen Purging System Industry Opportunities and Challenges
2.4 Nitrogen Purging System Industry Restraints
3 NITROGEN PURGING SYSTEM MARKET BY COMPANY
3.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Company Revenue Ranking in 2023
3.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Revenue by Company (2019-2024)
3.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume by Company (2019-2024)
3.4 Global Nitrogen Purging System Average Price by Company (2019-2024)
3.5 Global Nitrogen Purging System Company Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
3.6 Global Nitrogen Purging System Company Manufacturing Base & Headquarters
3.7 Global Nitrogen Purging System Company, Product Type & Application
3.8 Global Nitrogen Purging System Company Commercialization Time
3.9 Market Competitive Analysis
3.9.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Market CR5 and HHI
3.9.2 Global Top 5 and 10 Company Market Share by Revenue in 2023
3.9.3 2023 Nitrogen Purging System Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier
3.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 NITROGEN PURGING SYSTEM MARKET BY TYPE
4.1 Nitrogen Purging System Type Introduction
4.1.1 Dilution Nitrogen Purging
4.1.2 Displacement Nitrogen Purging
4.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume by Type
4.2.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
4.2.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume by Type (2019-2030)
4.2.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume Share by Type (2019-2030)
4.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Type
4.3.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
4.3.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Type (2019-2030)
4.3.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type (2019-2030)
5 NITROGEN PURGING SYSTEM MARKET BY APPLICATION
5.1 Nitrogen Purging System Application Introduction
5.1.1 Oil & Gas
5.1.2 Chemical Industry
5.1.3 Metal Processing
5.1.4 Others
5.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume by Application
5.2.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
5.2.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume by Application (2019-2030)
5.2.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Volume Share by Application (2019-2030)
5.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Application
5.3.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
5.3.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Application (2019-2030)
5.3.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application (2019-2030)
6 NITROGEN PURGING SYSTEM MARKET BY REGION
6.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales by Region (2019-2030)
6.2.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales by Region: 2019-2024
6.2.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales by Region (2025-2030)
6.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.4 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Region (2019-2030)
6.4.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Region: 2019-2024
6.4.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Region (2025-2030)
6.5 Global Nitrogen Purging System Market Price Analysis by Region (2019-2024)
6.6 North America
6.6.1 North America Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.6.2 North America Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
6.7 Europe
6.7.1 Europe Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.7.2 Europe Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
6.8 Asia-Pacific
6.8.1 Asia-Pacific Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.8.2 Asia-Pacific Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
6.9 Latin America
6.9.1 Latin America Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.9.2 Latin America Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
6.10 Middle East & Africa
6.10.1 Middle East & Africa Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.10.2 Middle East & Africa Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
7 NITROGEN PURGING SYSTEM MARKET BY COUNTRY
7.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
7.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
7.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales by Country (2019-2030)
7.3.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales by Country (2019-2024)
7.3.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales by Country (2025-2030)
7.4 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Country (2019-2030)
7.4.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Country (2019-2024)
7.4.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value by Country (2025-2030)
7.5 USA
7.5.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.5.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.5.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.6 Canada
7.6.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.6.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.6.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.7 Germany
7.7.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.7.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.7.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.8 France
7.8.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.8.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.8.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.9 U.K.
7.9.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.9.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.9.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.10 Italy
7.10.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.10.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.10.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.11 Netherlands
7.11.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.11.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.11.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.12 Nordic Countries
7.12.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.12.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.12.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.13 China
7.13.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.13.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.13.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.14 Japan
7.14.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.14.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.14.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.15 South Korea
7.15.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.15.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.15.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.16 Southeast Asia
7.16.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.16.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.16.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.17 India
7.17.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.17.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.17.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.18 Australia
7.18.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.18.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.18.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.19 Mexico
7.19.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.19.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.19.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.20 Brazil
7.20.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.20.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.20.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.21 Turkey
7.21.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.21.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.21.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.22 Saudi Arabia
7.22.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.22.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.22.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.23 UAE
7.23.1 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.23.2 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.23.3 Global Nitrogen Purging System Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
8 COMPANY PROFILES
8.1 Praxair Technology
8.1.1 Praxair Technology Comapny Information
8.1.2 Praxair Technology Business Overview
8.1.3 Praxair Technology Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.1.4 Praxair Technology Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.1.5 Praxair Technology Recent Developments
8.2 Air Products and Chemicals
8.2.1 Air Products and Chemicals Comapny Information
8.2.2 Air Products and Chemicals Business Overview
8.2.3 Air Products and Chemicals Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.2.4 Air Products and Chemicals Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.2.5 Air Products and Chemicals Recent Developments
8.3 IKM Testing
8.3.1 IKM Testing Comapny Information
8.3.2 IKM Testing Business Overview
8.3.3 IKM Testing Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.3.4 IKM Testing Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.3.5 IKM Testing Recent Developments
8.4 Linde
8.4.1 Linde Comapny Information
8.4.2 Linde Business Overview
8.4.3 Linde Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.4.4 Linde Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.4.5 Linde Recent Developments
8.5 Schlumberger
8.5.1 Schlumberger Comapny Information
8.5.2 Schlumberger Business Overview
8.5.3 Schlumberger Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.5.4 Schlumberger Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.5.5 Schlumberger Recent Developments
8.6 Airgas
8.6.1 Airgas Comapny Information
8.6.2 Airgas Business Overview
8.6.3 Airgas Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.6.4 Airgas Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.6.5 Airgas Recent Developments
8.7 CS&P Technologies
8.7.1 CS&P Technologies Comapny Information
8.7.2 CS&P Technologies Business Overview
8.7.3 CS&P Technologies Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.7.4 CS&P Technologies Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.7.5 CS&P Technologies Recent Developments
8.8 Halliburton
8.8.1 Halliburton Comapny Information
8.8.2 Halliburton Business Overview
8.8.3 Halliburton Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.8.4 Halliburton Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.8.5 Halliburton Recent Developments
8.9 BHGE
8.9.1 BHGE Comapny Information
8.9.2 BHGE Business Overview
8.9.3 BHGE Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.9.4 BHGE Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.9.5 BHGE Recent Developments
8.10 CNPC
8.10.1 CNPC Comapny Information
8.10.2 CNPC Business Overview
8.10.3 CNPC Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.10.4 CNPC Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.10.5 CNPC Recent Developments
8.11 NOV
8.11.1 NOV Comapny Information
8.11.2 NOV Business Overview
8.11.3 NOV Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.11.4 NOV Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.11.5 NOV Recent Developments
8.12 NPS Group
8.12.1 NPS Group Comapny Information
8.12.2 NPS Group Business Overview
8.12.3 NPS Group Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.12.4 NPS Group Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.12.5 NPS Group Recent Developments
8.13 CNOOC
8.13.1 CNOOC Comapny Information
8.13.2 CNOOC Business Overview
8.13.3 CNOOC Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.13.4 CNOOC Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.13.5 CNOOC Recent Developments
8.14 Tang Seng
8.14.1 Tang Seng Comapny Information
8.14.2 Tang Seng Business Overview
8.14.3 Tang Seng Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.14.4 Tang Seng Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.14.5 Tang Seng Recent Developments
8.15 Smape Srl
8.15.1 Smape Srl Comapny Information
8.15.2 Smape Srl Business Overview
8.15.3 Smape Srl Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.15.4 Smape Srl Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.15.5 Smape Srl Recent Developments
8.16 A.Hak Industrial Services BV
8.16.1 A.Hak Industrial Services BV Comapny Information
8.16.2 A.Hak Industrial Services BV Business Overview
8.16.3 A.Hak Industrial Services BV Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.16.4 A.Hak Industrial Services BV Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.16.5 A.Hak Industrial Services BV Recent Developments
8.17 Dajan
8.17.1 Dajan Comapny Information
8.17.2 Dajan Business Overview
8.17.3 Dajan Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.17.4 Dajan Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.17.5 Dajan Recent Developments
8.18 Kerui
8.18.1 Kerui Comapny Information
8.18.2 Kerui Business Overview
8.18.3 Kerui Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.18.4 Kerui Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.18.5 Kerui Recent Developments
8.19 DSV Pipetronix
8.19.1 DSV Pipetronix Comapny Information
8.19.2 DSV Pipetronix Business Overview
8.19.3 DSV Pipetronix Nitrogen Purging System Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.19.4 DSV Pipetronix Nitrogen Purging System Product Portfolio
8.19.5 DSV Pipetronix Recent Developments
9 VALUE CHAIN AND SALES CHANNELS ANALYSIS
9.1 Nitrogen Purging System Value Chain Analysis
9.1.1 Nitrogen Purging System Key Raw Materials
9.1.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
9.1.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
9.1.4 Nitrogen Purging System Sales Mode & Process
9.2 Nitrogen Purging System Sales Channels Analysis
9.2.1 Direct Comparison with Distribution Share
9.2.2 Nitrogen Purging System Distributors
9.2.3 Nitrogen Purging System Customers
10 CONCLUDING INSIGHTS
11 APPENDIX
11.1 Reasons for Doing This Study
11.2 Research Methodology
11.3 Research Process
11.4 Authors List of This Report
11.5 Data Source
11.5.1 Secondary Sources
11.5.2 Primary Sources
11.6 Disclaimer
