Global Managed Services Market Research Report with Opportunities and Strategies to Boost Growth- COVID-19 Impact and Recovery

October 2021 | 128 pages | ID: G5965F5B9531EN
Maia Research

Abstracts

Managed services is the practice of outsourcing on a proactive basis certain processes and functions intended to improve operations and cut expenses.It is an alternative to the break/fix or on-demand outsourcing model where the service provider performs on-demand services and bills the customer only for the work done.
Based on the Managed Services market development status, competitive landscape and development model in different regions of the world, this report is dedicated to providing niche markets, potential risks and comprehensive competitive strategy analysis in different fields. From the competitive advantages of different types of products and services, the development opportunities and consumption characteristics and structure analysis of the downstream application fields are all analyzed in detail. To Boost Growth during the epidemic era, this report analyzes in detail for the potential risks and opportunities which can be focused on.

In Chapter 2.4 of the report, we share our perspectives for the impact of COVID-19 from the long and short term.
In chapter 3.4, we provide the influence of the crisis on the industry chain, especially for marketing channels.
In chapters 8-13, we update the timely industry economic revitalization plan of the country-wise government.

Key players in the global Managed Services market covered in Chapter 5:
Fujitsu
Wipro
HCL
Tata Consultancy Services
IBM
Ericsson
Dimension Data
Huawei
Cisco
Unisys
DXC Technology
Accenture
Atos
Nokia Networks
Netmagic

In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Managed Services market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
Cloud
On-premise

In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Managed Services market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Small & Medium enterprises
Large Enterprises

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2025) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8-13:
North America (Covered in Chapter 9)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 10)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 11)
China
Japan
South Korea
Australia
India
South America (Covered in Chapter 12)
Brazil
Argentina
Columbia
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 13)
UAE
Egypt
South Africa

Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025

Contents

1 MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Definition and Market Characteristics
1.2 Global Managed Services Market Size
1.3 Market Segmentation
1.4 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
1.5 SWOT Analysis

2. MARKET DYNAMICS

2.1 Market Drivers
2.2 Market Constraints and Challenges
2.3 Emerging Market Trends
2.4 Impact of COVID-19
  2.4.1 Short-term Impact
  2.4.2 Long-term Impact

3 ASSOCIATED INDUSTRY ASSESSMENT

3.1 Supply Chain Analysis
3.2 Industry Active Participants
  3.2.1 Suppliers of Raw Materials
  3.2.2 Key Distributors/Retailers
3.3 Alternative Analysis
3.4 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain

4 MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

4.1 Industry Leading Players
4.2 Industry News
  4.2.1 Key Product Launch News
  4.2.2 M&A and Expansion Plans

5 ANALYSIS OF LEADING COMPANIES

5.1 Fujitsu
  5.1.1 Fujitsu Company Profile
  5.1.2 Fujitsu Business Overview
  5.1.3 Fujitsu Managed Services Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.1.4 Fujitsu Managed Services Products Introduction
5.2 Wipro
  5.2.1 Wipro Company Profile
  5.2.2 Wipro Business Overview
  5.2.3 Wipro Managed Services Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.2.4 Wipro Managed Services Products Introduction
5.3 HCL
  5.3.1 HCL Company Profile
  5.3.2 HCL Business Overview
  5.3.3 HCL Managed Services Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.3.4 HCL Managed Services Products Introduction
5.4 Tata Consultancy Services
  5.4.1 Tata Consultancy Services Company Profile
  5.4.2 Tata Consultancy Services Business Overview
  5.4.3 Tata Consultancy Services Managed Services Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.4.4 Tata Consultancy Services Managed Services Products Introduction
5.5 IBM
  5.5.1 IBM Company Profile
  5.5.2 IBM Business Overview
  5.5.3 IBM Managed Services Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.5.4 IBM Managed Services Products Introduction
5.6 Ericsson
  5.6.1 Ericsson Company Profile
  5.6.2 Ericsson Business Overview
  5.6.3 Ericsson Managed Services Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.6.4 Ericsson Managed Services Products Introduction
5.7 Dimension Data
  5.7.1 Dimension Data Company Profile
  5.7.2 Dimension Data Business Overview
  5.7.3 Dimension Data Managed Services Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.7.4 Dimension Data Managed Services Products Introduction
5.8 Huawei
  5.8.1 Huawei Company Profile
  5.8.2 Huawei Business Overview
  5.8.3 Huawei Managed Services Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.8.4 Huawei Managed Services Products Introduction
5.9 Cisco
  5.9.1 Cisco Company Profile
  5.9.2 Cisco Business Overview
  5.9.3 Cisco Managed Services Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.9.4 Cisco Managed Services Products Introduction
5.10 Unisys
  5.10.1 Unisys Company Profile
  5.10.2 Unisys Business Overview
  5.10.3 Unisys Managed Services Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.10.4 Unisys Managed Services Products Introduction
5.11 DXC Technology
  5.11.1 DXC Technology Company Profile
  5.11.2 DXC Technology Business Overview
  5.11.3 DXC Technology Managed Services Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.11.4 DXC Technology Managed Services Products Introduction
5.12 Accenture
  5.12.1 Accenture Company Profile
  5.12.2 Accenture Business Overview
  5.12.3 Accenture Managed Services Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.12.4 Accenture Managed Services Products Introduction
5.13 Atos
  5.13.1 Atos Company Profile
  5.13.2 Atos Business Overview
  5.13.3 Atos Managed Services Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.13.4 Atos Managed Services Products Introduction
5.14 Nokia Networks
  5.14.1 Nokia Networks Company Profile
  5.14.2 Nokia Networks Business Overview
  5.14.3 Nokia Networks Managed Services Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.14.4 Nokia Networks Managed Services Products Introduction
5.15 Netmagic
  5.15.1 Netmagic Company Profile
  5.15.2 Netmagic Business Overview
  5.15.3 Netmagic Managed Services Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.15.4 Netmagic Managed Services Products Introduction

6 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST, BY PRODUCT TYPES

6.1 Global Managed Services Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  6.1.1 Global Managed Services Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  6.1.2 Global Managed Services Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  6.1.3 Global Managed Services Price by Types (2015-2020)
6.2 Global Managed Services Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
  6.2.1 Global Managed Services Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
  6.2.2 Global Managed Services Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
6.3 Global Managed Services Sales, Price and Growth Rate by Types (2015-2020)
  6.3.1 Global Managed Services Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Cloud
  6.3.2 Global Managed Services Sales, Price and Growth Rate of On-premise
6.4 Global Managed Services Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Types (2020-2025)
  6.4.1 Cloud Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  6.4.2 On-premise Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

7 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST, BY APPLICATIONS

7.1 Global Managed Services Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
  7.1.1 Global Managed Services Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
  7.1.2 Global Managed Services Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.2 Global Managed Services Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)
  7.2.1 Global Managed Services Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
  7.2.2 Global Managed Services Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
7.3 Global Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate by Applications (2015-2020)
  7.3.1 Global Managed Services Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Small & Medium enterprises (2015-2020)
  7.3.2 Global Managed Services Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Large Enterprises (2015-2020)
7.4 Global Managed Services Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Applications (2020-2025)
  7.4.1 Small & Medium enterprises Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  7.4.2 Large Enterprises Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

8 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST, BY REGIONS

8.1 Global Managed Services Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
8.2 Global Managed Services Market Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
8.3 Global Managed Services Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025)

9 NORTH AMERICA MANAGED SERVICES MARKET ANALYSIS

9.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
9.2 North America Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.3 North America Managed Services Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.4 North America Managed Services Market Forecast
9.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market
9.6 North America Managed Services Market Analysis by Country
  9.6.1 U.S. Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate
  9.6.2 Canada Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate
  9.6.3 Mexico Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate

10 EUROPE MANAGED SERVICES MARKET ANALYSIS

10.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
10.2 Europe Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.3 Europe Managed Services Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.4 Europe Managed Services Market Forecast
10.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market
10.6 Europe Managed Services Market Analysis by Country
  10.6.1 Germany Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate
  10.6.2 United Kingdom Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate
  10.6.3 France Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate
  10.6.4 Italy Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate
  10.6.5 Spain Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate
  10.6.6 Russia Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate

11 ASIA-PACIFIC MANAGED SERVICES MARKET ANALYSIS

11.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
11.2 Asia-Pacific Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.3 Asia-Pacific Managed Services Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.4 Asia-Pacific Managed Services Market Forecast
11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market
11.6 Asia-Pacific Managed Services Market Analysis by Country
  11.6.1 China Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate
  11.6.2 Japan Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate
  11.6.3 South Korea Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate
  11.6.4 Australia Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate
  11.6.5 India Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate

12 SOUTH AMERICA MANAGED SERVICES MARKET ANALYSIS

12.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
12.2 South America Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.3 South America Managed Services Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.4 South America Managed Services Market Forecast
12.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market
12.6 South America Managed Services Market Analysis by Country
  12.6.1 Brazil Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate
  12.6.2 Argentina Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate
  12.6.3 Columbia Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate

13 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA MANAGED SERVICES MARKET ANALYSIS

13.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
13.2 Middle East and Africa Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.3 Middle East and Africa Managed Services Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.4 Middle East and Africa Managed Services Market Forecast
13.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
13.6 Middle East and Africa Managed Services Market Analysis by Country
  13.6.1 UAE Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate
  13.6.2 Egypt Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate
  13.6.3 South Africa Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate

14 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

14.1 Key Market Findings and Prospects
14.2 Advice for Investors

15 APPENDIX

15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Data Source

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Product Picture
Figure Global Managed Services Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025
Table Managed Services Key Market Segments
Figure Global Managed Services Market Revenue ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020
Figure Global Managed Services Market Revenue ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status
Figure Supply Chain
Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Managed Services
Table Major Players Revenue in 2019
Figure Major Players Revenue Share in 2019
Table Fujitsu Company Profile
Table Fujitsu Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Fujitsu Production and Growth Rate
Figure Fujitsu Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Wipro Company Profile
Table Wipro Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Wipro Production and Growth Rate
Figure Wipro Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table HCL Company Profile
Table HCL Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure HCL Production and Growth Rate
Figure HCL Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Tata Consultancy Services Company Profile
Table Tata Consultancy Services Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Tata Consultancy Services Production and Growth Rate
Figure Tata Consultancy Services Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table IBM Company Profile
Table IBM Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure IBM Production and Growth Rate
Figure IBM Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Ericsson Company Profile
Table Ericsson Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Ericsson Production and Growth Rate
Figure Ericsson Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Dimension Data Company Profile
Table Dimension Data Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Dimension Data Production and Growth Rate
Figure Dimension Data Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Huawei Company Profile
Table Huawei Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Huawei Production and Growth Rate
Figure Huawei Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Cisco Company Profile
Table Cisco Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Cisco Production and Growth Rate
Figure Cisco Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Unisys Company Profile
Table Unisys Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Unisys Production and Growth Rate
Figure Unisys Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table DXC Technology Company Profile
Table DXC Technology Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure DXC Technology Production and Growth Rate
Figure DXC Technology Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Accenture Company Profile
Table Accenture Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Accenture Production and Growth Rate
Figure Accenture Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Atos Company Profile
Table Atos Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Atos Production and Growth Rate
Figure Atos Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Nokia Networks Company Profile
Table Nokia Networks Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Nokia Networks Production and Growth Rate
Figure Nokia Networks Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Netmagic Company Profile
Table Netmagic Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Netmagic Production and Growth Rate
Figure Netmagic Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Global Managed Services Sales by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Managed Services Sales Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Managed Services Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Managed Services Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Managed Services Price ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Managed Services Market Forecast Sales by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Managed Services Market Forecast Sales Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Managed Services Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Managed Services Market Forecast Revenue Share by Types (2020-2025)
Figure Global Cloud Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Cloud Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global On-premise Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global On-premise Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Managed Services Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Cloud (2020-2025)
Figure Global Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Cloud (2020-2025)
Figure Global Managed Services Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of On-premise (2020-2025)
Figure Global Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of On-premise (2020-2025)
Table Global Managed Services Sales by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Managed Services Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Managed Services Revenue ($) by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Managed Services Revenue Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Managed Services Market Forecast Sales by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Managed Services Market Forecast Sales Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Managed Services Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Managed Services Market Forecast Revenue Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Figure Global Small & Medium enterprises Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Small & Medium enterprises Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Large Enterprises Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Large Enterprises Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Managed Services Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Small & Medium enterprises (2020-2025)
Figure Global Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Small & Medium enterprises (2020-2025)
Figure Global Managed Services Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Large Enterprises (2020-2025)
Figure Global Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Large Enterprises (2020-2025)
Figure Global Managed Services Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Managed Services Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Managed Services Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Managed Services Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global Managed Services Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Managed Services Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Managed Services Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Managed Services Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Global Managed Services Market Forecast Sales by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Managed Services Market Forecast Sales Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Managed Services Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Managed Services Market Forecast Revenue Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Figure North America Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Managed Services Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Managed Services Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure North America Managed Services Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure North America COVID-19 Status
Figure U.S. Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Managed Services Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Managed Services Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Managed Services Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
Figure Germany Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure United Kingdom Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Italy Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Spain Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Russia Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Managed Services Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Managed Services Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Asia-Pacific Managed Services Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
Figure China Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Korea Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Australia Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure India Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Managed Services Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Managed Services Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure South America Managed Services Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Brazil Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Argentina Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Columbia Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Managed Services Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Managed Services Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Managed Services Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure UAE Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Egypt Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa Managed Services Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)