[email protected] +44 20 8123 2220 (UK) +1 732 587 5005 (US) Contact Us | FAQ |

Global Food Packaging Bag Market Research Report 2016-2026

December 2021 | 85 pages | ID: GD4F046139DBEN
HeyReport

US$ 1,800.00

E-mail Delivery (PDF)

Download PDF Leaflet

Accepted cards
Wire Transfer
Checkout Later
Need Help? Ask a Question
SUMMARY

The global Food Packaging Bag market will reach xxx Million USD in 2021 with CAGR xx% 2021-2026. The objective of report is to define, segment, and project the market on the basis of product type, application, and region, and to describe the content about the factors influencing market dynamics, policy, economic, technology and market entry etc.

Based on products type, the report describes major products type share of regional market. Products mentioned as follows:
  • Vacuum Food Packaging Bag
  • Inflatable Food Packaging Bag
  • Poached Food Packaging Bag
  • Others
Leading vendors in the market are included based on profile, business performance etc. Vendors mentioned as follows:
  • Amcor
  • Mondi Group
  • Smurfit Kappa Group
  • DuPont
  • International Paper Company
  • Coveris
  • D.S. Smith
  • Silgan
Based on Application, the report describes major application share of regional market. Application mentioned as follows:
  • Meat or Seafood
  • Fruits or Vegetables
  • Dairy Products
  • Others
Based on region, the report describes major regions market by products and application. Regions mentioned as follows:
  • Asia-Pacific
  • North America
  • Europe
  • South America
  • Middle East & Africa
1 MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Objectives of Research
  1.1.1 Definition
Figure Food Packaging Bag Picture
  1.1.2 Specifications
Table Product Specifications of Food Packaging Bag
1.2 Market Segment
  1.2.1 by Type
Table Products Segment of Food Packaging Bag
Table Global Food Packaging Bag Market by Type, 2016-2026 (USD Million)
    1.2.1.1 Vacuum Food Packaging Bag
Table Vacuum Food Packaging Bag Overview
    1.2.1.2 Inflatable Food Packaging Bag
Table Inflatable Food Packaging Bag Overview
    1.2.1.3 Poached Food Packaging Bag
Table Poached Food Packaging Bag Overview
    1.2.1.4 Others
Table Others Overview
  1.2.2 by Application
Table Application Segment of Food Packaging Bag
Table Global Food Packaging Bag Market by Application, 2016-2026 (USD Million)
    1.2.2.1 Meat or Seafood
Table Meat or Seafood Overview
    1.2.2.2 Fruits or Vegetables
Table Fruits or Vegetables Overview
    1.2.2.3 Dairy Products
Table Dairy Products Overview
    1.2.2.4 Others
Table Others Overview
  1.2.3 by Regions
Table Global Food Packaging Bag Market by Region, 2016-2026 (USD Million)

2 INDUSTRY CHAIN

2.1 Industry Chain Structure
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Food Packaging Bag
2.2 Upstream
Table Cost of Food Packaging Bag
Figure Manufacturing Process of Food Packaging Bag
2.3 Market
  2.3.1 SWOT
Figure SWOT of Food Packaging Bag
  2.3.2 Dynamics
Table Market Dynamics

3 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

3.1 Policy
Table Policy of Food Packaging Bag
3.2 Economic
Table GDP of Major Countries
3.3 Technology
Table Technology of Food Packaging Bag
3.4 Market Entry
Table Market Entry of Food Packaging Bag

4 MARKET SEGMENTATION BY TYPE

4.1 Market Size
  4.1.1 Vacuum Food Packaging Bag Market, 2016-2020
Figure Vacuum Food Packaging Bag Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Vacuum Food Packaging Bag Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Table Vacuum Food Packaging Bag CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
  4.1.2 Inflatable Food Packaging Bag Market, 2016-2020
Figure Inflatable Food Packaging Bag Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Inflatable Food Packaging Bag Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Table Inflatable Food Packaging Bag CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
  4.1.3 Poached Food Packaging Bag Market, 2016-2020
Figure Poached Food Packaging Bag Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Poached Food Packaging Bag Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Table Poached Food Packaging Bag CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
  4.1.4 Others Market, 2016-2020
Figure Others Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Others Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Table Others CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
4.2 Market Forecast
  4.2.1 Vacuum Food Packaging Bag Market Forecast, 2021-2026
Figure Vacuum Food Packaging Bag Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Vacuum Food Packaging Bag Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Table Vacuum Food Packaging Bag CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2026
  4.2.2 Inflatable Food Packaging Bag Market Forecast, 2021-2026
Figure Inflatable Food Packaging Bag Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Inflatable Food Packaging Bag Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Table Inflatable Food Packaging Bag CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2026
  4.2.3 Poached Food Packaging Bag Market Forecast, 2021-2026
Figure Poached Food Packaging Bag Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Poached Food Packaging Bag Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Table Poached Food Packaging Bag CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2026
  4.2.4 Others Market Forecast, 2021-2026
Figure Others Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Others Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Table Others CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2026

5 MARKET SEGMENTATION BY APPLICATION

5.1 Market Size
  5.1.1 Meat or Seafood Market, 2016-2020
Figure Meat or Seafood Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Table Meat or Seafood CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
  5.1.2 Fruits or Vegetables Market, 2016-2020
Figure Fruits or Vegetables Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Table Fruits or Vegetables CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
  5.1.3 Dairy Products Market, 2016-2020
Figure Dairy Products Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Table Dairy Products CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
  5.1.4 Others Market, 2016-2020
Figure Others Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Table Others CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
5.2 Market Forecast
  5.2.1 Meat or Seafood Market Forecast, 2021-2026
Figure Meat or Seafood Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Meat or Seafood Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Table Meat or Seafood CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026
  5.2.2 Fruits or Vegetables Market Forecast, 2021-2026
Figure Fruits or Vegetables Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Fruits or Vegetables Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Table Fruits or Vegetables CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026
  5.2.3 Dairy Products Market Forecast, 2021-2026
Figure Dairy Products Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Dairy Products Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Table Dairy Products CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026
  5.2.4 Others Market Forecast, 2021-2026
Figure Others Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Others Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Table Others CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026

6 MARKET SEGMENTATION BY REGION

6.1 Market Size
  6.1.1 Asia-Pacific
    6.1.1.1 Asia-Pacific Market, 2016-2020
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Table Asia-Pacific CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
    6.1.1.2 Asia-Pacific Market by Type
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size by Type
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Share by Type
    6.1.1.3 Asia-Pacific Market by Application
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size by Application
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Share by Application
  6.1.2 North America
    6.1.2.1 North America Market, 2016-2020
Figure North America Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure North America Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Table North America CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
    6.1.2.2 North America Market by Type
Figure North America Market Size by Type
Figure North America Market Share by Type
    6.1.2.3 North America Market by Application
Figure North America Market Size by Application
Figure North America Market Share by Application
  6.1.3 Europe
    6.1.3.1 Europe Market, 2016-2020
Figure Europe Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Europe Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Table Europe CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
    6.1.3.2 Europe Market by Type
Figure Europe Market Size by Type
Figure Europe Market Share by Type
    6.1.3.3 Europe Market by Application
Figure Europe Market Size by Application
Figure Europe Market Share by Application
  6.1.4 South America
    6.1.4.1 South America Market, 2016-2020
Figure South America Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure South America Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Table South America CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
    6.1.4.2 South America Market by Type
Figure South America Market Size by Type
Figure South America Market Share by Type
    6.1.4.3 South America Market by Application
Figure South America Market Size by Application
Figure South America Market Share by Application
  6.1.5 Middle East & Africa
    6.1.5.1 Middle East & Africa Market, 2016-2020
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Table Middle East & Africa CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
    6.1.5.2 Middle East & Africa Market by Type
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size by Type
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Share by Type
    6.1.5.3 Middle East & Africa Market by Application
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size by Application
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Share by Application
6.2 Market Forecast
  6.2.1 Asia-Pacific Market Forecast, 2021-2026
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Table Asia-Pacific CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026
  6.2.2 North America Market Forecast, 2021-2026
Figure North America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure North America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Table North America CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026
  6.2.3 Europe Market Forecast, 2021-2026
Figure Europe Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Europe Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Table Europe CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026
  6.2.4 South America Market Forecast, 2021-2026
Figure South America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure South America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Table South America CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026
  6.2.5 Middle East & Africa Market Forecast, 2021-2026
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Table Middle East & Africa CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026

7 MARKET COMPETITIVE

7.1 Global Market by Vendors
Table Global Food Packaging Bag Market by Vendors, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Table Global Food Packaging Bag Market Share by Vendors, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Table Global Food Packaging Bag Market Share by Vendors, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
7.2 Market Concentration
Figure Food Packaging Bag Market Concentration by Region
7.3 Price & Factors
Table Price Factors List
7.4 Marketing Channel
Figure Marketing Channels Overview

8 MAJOR VENDORS

8.1 Amcor
Table Amcor Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Amcor (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
8.2 Mondi Group
Table Mondi Group Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Mondi Group (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
8.3 Smurfit Kappa Group
Table Smurfit Kappa Group Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Smurfit Kappa Group (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
8.4 DuPont
Table DuPont Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of DuPont (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
8.5 International Paper Company
Table International Paper Company Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of International Paper Company (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
8.6 Coveris
Table Coveris Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Coveris (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
8.7 D.S. Smith
Table D.S. Smith Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of D.S. Smith (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
8.8 Silgan
Table Silgan Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Silgan (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

9 CONCLUSION

LIST OF TABLES

Table Product Specifications of Food Packaging Bag
Table Products Segment of Food Packaging Bag
Table Global Food Packaging Bag Market by Type, 2016-2026 (USD Million)
Table Vacuum Food Packaging Bag Overview
Table Inflatable Food Packaging Bag Overview
Table Poached Food Packaging Bag Overview
Table Others Overview
Table Application Segment of Food Packaging Bag
Table Global Food Packaging Bag Market by Application, 2016-2026 (USD Million)
Table Meat or Seafood Overview
Table Fruits or Vegetables Overview
Table Dairy Products Overview
Table Others Overview
Table Global Food Packaging Bag Market by Region, 2016-2026 (USD Million)
Table Cost of Food Packaging Bag
Table Market Dynamics
Table Policy of Food Packaging Bag
Table GDP of Major Countries
Table Technology of Food Packaging Bag
Table Market Entry of Food Packaging Bag
Table Vacuum Food Packaging Bag CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
Table Inflatable Food Packaging Bag CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
Table Poached Food Packaging Bag CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
Table Others CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
Table Vacuum Food Packaging Bag CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2026
Table Inflatable Food Packaging Bag CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2026
Table Poached Food Packaging Bag CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2026
Table Others CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2026
Table Meat or Seafood CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
Table Fruits or Vegetables CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
Table Dairy Products CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
Table Others CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
Table Meat or Seafood CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026
Table Fruits or Vegetables CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026
Table Dairy Products CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026
Table Others CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026
Table Asia-Pacific CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
Table North America CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
Table Europe CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
Table South America CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
Table Middle East & Africa CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2016-2020
Table Asia-Pacific CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026
Table North America CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026
Table Europe CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026
Table South America CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026
Table Middle East & Africa CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2021-2026
Table Global Food Packaging Bag Market by Vendors, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Table Global Food Packaging Bag Market Share by Vendors, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Table Global Food Packaging Bag Market Share by Vendors, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Table Price Factors List
Table Amcor Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Amcor (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Mondi Group Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Mondi Group (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Smurfit Kappa Group Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Smurfit Kappa Group (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table DuPont Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of DuPont (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table International Paper Company Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of International Paper Company (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Coveris Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Coveris (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table D.S. Smith Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of D.S. Smith (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Silgan Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Silgan (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)


LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Food Packaging Bag Picture
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Food Packaging Bag
Figure Manufacturing Process of Food Packaging Bag
Figure SWOT of Food Packaging Bag
Figure Vacuum Food Packaging Bag Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Vacuum Food Packaging Bag Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Figure Inflatable Food Packaging Bag Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Inflatable Food Packaging Bag Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Figure Poached Food Packaging Bag Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Poached Food Packaging Bag Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Figure Others Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Others Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Figure Vacuum Food Packaging Bag Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Vacuum Food Packaging Bag Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Figure Inflatable Food Packaging Bag Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Inflatable Food Packaging Bag Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Figure Poached Food Packaging Bag Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Poached Food Packaging Bag Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Figure Others Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Others Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Figure Meat or Seafood Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Figure Fruits or Vegetables Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Figure Dairy Products Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Figure Others Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Figure Meat or Seafood Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Meat or Seafood Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Figure Fruits or Vegetables Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Fruits or Vegetables Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Figure Dairy Products Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Dairy Products Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Figure Others Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Others Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size by Type
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Share by Type
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size by Application
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Share by Application
Figure North America Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure North America Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Figure North America Market Size by Type
Figure North America Market Share by Type
Figure North America Market Size by Application
Figure North America Market Share by Application
Figure Europe Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Europe Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Figure Europe Market Size by Type
Figure Europe Market Share by Type
Figure Europe Market Size by Application
Figure Europe Market Share by Application
Figure South America Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure South America Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Figure South America Market Size by Type
Figure South America Market Share by Type
Figure South America Market Size by Application
Figure South America Market Share by Application
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (USD Million)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size and Growth, 2016-2020 (in Volume)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size by Type
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Share by Type
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size by Application
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Share by Application
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Figure North America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure North America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Figure Europe Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Europe Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Figure South America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure South America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021-2026 (in Volume)
Figure Food Packaging Bag Market Concentration by Region
Figure Marketing Channels Overview


More Publications