Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Market Size, Manufacturers, Growth Analysis Industry Forecast to 2030
A sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy. The link holds the pip cap, or plug, in place. Once the ambient temperature around the sprinkler head reaches a specified temperature, the alloy releases and the metal elements separate, which causes the pip cap to fall away. Water is then released.
According to APO Research, The global Fire Sprinkler Heads market is projected to grow from US$ million in 2024 to US$ million by 2030, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of % during the forecast period.
China Architecture Curtain Wall key players include Tyco International (Johnson Controls), TianGuang Fire-fighting, China NFPT, Viking Group, etc. Top four companies hold a share about 15%. In terms of product, glass bubbles is the largest segment, with a share over 55%. And in terms of application, the largest channel is manufacturing facilities.
This report presents an overview of global market for Fire Sprinkler Heads, sales, revenue and price. Analyses of the global market trends, with historic market revenue or sales data for 2019 - 2023, estimates for 2024, and projections of CAGR through 2030.
This report researches the key producers of Fire Sprinkler Heads, also provides the sales of main regions and countries. Of the upcoming market potential for Fire Sprinkler Heads, and key regions or countries of focus to forecast this market into various segments and sub-segments. Country specific data and market value analysis for the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Germany, the U.K., Italy, Middle East, Africa, and Other Countries.
This report focuses on the Fire Sprinkler Heads sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking of main manufacturers, data from 2019 to 2024. Identification of the major stakeholders in the global Fire Sprinkler Heads market, and analysis of their competitive landscape and market positioning based on recent developments and segmental revenues. This report will help stakeholders to understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights and position their businesses and market strategies in a better way.
This report analyzes the segments data by Type and by Application, sales, revenue, and price, from 2019 to 2030. Evaluation and forecast the market size for Fire Sprinkler Heads sales, projected growth trends, production technology, application and end-user industry.
Descriptive company profiles of the major global players, including Tyco International (Johnson Controls), TianGuang Fire-fighting, China NFPT, Viking Group, GuangZhou Shengjie Fire-Protection Equipment Co., Ltd, CFE, Guangdong Fire Safety, Shanghai Jindun and Shanghai RETI, etc.
Fire Sprinkler Heads segment by Company
1. To analyze and research the global Fire Sprinkler Heads status and future forecast, involving, sales, revenue, growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.
2. To present the key manufacturers, sales, revenue, market share, and Recent Developments.
3. To split the breakdown data by regions, type, manufacturers, and Application.
4. To analyze the global and key regions Fire Sprinkler Heads market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints, and risks.
5. To identify Fire Sprinkler Heads significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions.
6. To analyze Fire Sprinkler Heads competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
Reasons to Buy This Report
1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global Fire Sprinkler Heads market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of Fire Sprinkler Heads and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in sales and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.
4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market.
5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally.
6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of Fire Sprinkler Heads.
7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Provides an overview of the Fire Sprinkler Heads market, including product definition, global market growth prospects, sales value, sales volume, and average price forecasts (2019-2030).
Chapter 2: Analysis key trends, drivers, challenges, and opportunities within the global Fire Sprinkler Heads industry.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Fire Sprinkler Heads manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales and value of Fire Sprinkler Heads in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and market size of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Sales and value of Fire Sprinkler Heads in country level. It provides sigmate data by type, and by application for each country/region.
Chapter 8: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 9: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 10: Concluding Insights.
Chapter 10: Concluding Insights.
According to APO Research, The global Fire Sprinkler Heads market is projected to grow from US$ million in 2024 to US$ million by 2030, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of % during the forecast period.
China Architecture Curtain Wall key players include Tyco International (Johnson Controls), TianGuang Fire-fighting, China NFPT, Viking Group, etc. Top four companies hold a share about 15%. In terms of product, glass bubbles is the largest segment, with a share over 55%. And in terms of application, the largest channel is manufacturing facilities.
This report presents an overview of global market for Fire Sprinkler Heads, sales, revenue and price. Analyses of the global market trends, with historic market revenue or sales data for 2019 - 2023, estimates for 2024, and projections of CAGR through 2030.
This report researches the key producers of Fire Sprinkler Heads, also provides the sales of main regions and countries. Of the upcoming market potential for Fire Sprinkler Heads, and key regions or countries of focus to forecast this market into various segments and sub-segments. Country specific data and market value analysis for the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Germany, the U.K., Italy, Middle East, Africa, and Other Countries.
This report focuses on the Fire Sprinkler Heads sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking of main manufacturers, data from 2019 to 2024. Identification of the major stakeholders in the global Fire Sprinkler Heads market, and analysis of their competitive landscape and market positioning based on recent developments and segmental revenues. This report will help stakeholders to understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights and position their businesses and market strategies in a better way.
This report analyzes the segments data by Type and by Application, sales, revenue, and price, from 2019 to 2030. Evaluation and forecast the market size for Fire Sprinkler Heads sales, projected growth trends, production technology, application and end-user industry.
Descriptive company profiles of the major global players, including Tyco International (Johnson Controls), TianGuang Fire-fighting, China NFPT, Viking Group, GuangZhou Shengjie Fire-Protection Equipment Co., Ltd, CFE, Guangdong Fire Safety, Shanghai Jindun and Shanghai RETI, etc.
Fire Sprinkler Heads segment by Company
- Tyco International (Johnson Controls)
- TianGuang Fire-fighting
- China NFPT
- Viking Group
- GuangZhou Shengjie Fire-Protection Equipment Co., Ltd
- CFE
- Guangdong Fire Safety
- Shanghai Jindun
- Shanghai RETI
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan Shuangjing Fire Control Machinery
- Zhejiang Ruicheng Fire-Fighting Equipment Co., Ltd
- Jinpurun Fire Equipmentr
- Stent
- Glass Bubbles
- Fusible Alloy
- Heat Sink
- Manufacturing Facilities
- Hotels and Motels
- High-rise Apartment Buildings
- High-rise Office Buildings
- Others
- North America
- U.S.
- Canada
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- U.K.
- Italy
- Russia
- Asia-Pacific
- China
- Japan
- South Korea
- India
- Australia
- China Taiwan
- Indonesia
- Thailand
- Malaysia
- Latin America
- Mexico
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Middle East & Africa
- Turkey
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE
1. To analyze and research the global Fire Sprinkler Heads status and future forecast, involving, sales, revenue, growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.
2. To present the key manufacturers, sales, revenue, market share, and Recent Developments.
3. To split the breakdown data by regions, type, manufacturers, and Application.
4. To analyze the global and key regions Fire Sprinkler Heads market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints, and risks.
5. To identify Fire Sprinkler Heads significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions.
6. To analyze Fire Sprinkler Heads competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
Reasons to Buy This Report
1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global Fire Sprinkler Heads market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of Fire Sprinkler Heads and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in sales and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.
4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market.
5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally.
6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of Fire Sprinkler Heads.
7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Provides an overview of the Fire Sprinkler Heads market, including product definition, global market growth prospects, sales value, sales volume, and average price forecasts (2019-2030).
Chapter 2: Analysis key trends, drivers, challenges, and opportunities within the global Fire Sprinkler Heads industry.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Fire Sprinkler Heads manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales and value of Fire Sprinkler Heads in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and market size of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Sales and value of Fire Sprinkler Heads in country level. It provides sigmate data by type, and by application for each country/region.
Chapter 8: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 9: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 10: Concluding Insights.
Chapter 10: Concluding Insights.
1 MARKET OVERVIEW
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.2.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value (2019-2030)
1.2.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume (2019-2030)
1.2.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Average Price (2019-2030)
1.3 Assumptions and Limitations
1.4 Study Goals and Objectives
2 FIRE SPRINKLER HEADS MARKET DYNAMICS
2.1 Fire Sprinkler Heads Industry Trends
2.2 Fire Sprinkler Heads Industry Drivers
2.3 Fire Sprinkler Heads Industry Opportunities and Challenges
2.4 Fire Sprinkler Heads Industry Restraints
3 FIRE SPRINKLER HEADS MARKET BY COMPANY
3.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Company Revenue Ranking in 2023
3.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Revenue by Company (2019-2024)
3.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume by Company (2019-2024)
3.4 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Average Price by Company (2019-2024)
3.5 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Company Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
3.6 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Company Manufacturing Base & Headquarters
3.7 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Company, Product Type & Application
3.8 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Company Commercialization Time
3.9 Market Competitive Analysis
3.9.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Market CR5 and HHI
3.9.2 Global Top 5 and 10 Company Market Share by Revenue in 2023
3.9.3 2023 Fire Sprinkler Heads Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier
3.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 FIRE SPRINKLER HEADS MARKET BY TYPE
4.1 Fire Sprinkler Heads Type Introduction
4.1.1 Stent
4.1.2 Glass Bubbles
4.1.3 Fusible Alloy
4.1.4 Heat Sink
4.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume by Type
4.2.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
4.2.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume by Type (2019-2030)
4.2.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume Share by Type (2019-2030)
4.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Type
4.3.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
4.3.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Type (2019-2030)
4.3.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type (2019-2030)
5 FIRE SPRINKLER HEADS MARKET BY APPLICATION
5.1 Fire Sprinkler Heads Application Introduction
5.1.1 Manufacturing Facilities
5.1.2 Hotels and Motels
5.1.3 High-rise Apartment Buildings
5.1.4 High-rise Office Buildings
5.1.5 Others
5.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume by Application
5.2.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
5.2.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume by Application (2019-2030)
5.2.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume Share by Application (2019-2030)
5.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Application
5.3.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
5.3.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Application (2019-2030)
5.3.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application (2019-2030)
6 FIRE SPRINKLER HEADS MARKET BY REGION
6.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales by Region (2019-2030)
6.2.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales by Region: 2019-2024
6.2.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales by Region (2025-2030)
6.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.4 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Region (2019-2030)
6.4.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Region: 2019-2024
6.4.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Region (2025-2030)
6.5 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Market Price Analysis by Region (2019-2024)
6.6 North America
6.6.1 North America Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.6.2 North America Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
6.7 Europe
6.7.1 Europe Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.7.2 Europe Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
6.8 Asia-Pacific
6.8.1 Asia-Pacific Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.8.2 Asia-Pacific Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
6.9 Latin America
6.9.1 Latin America Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.9.2 Latin America Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
6.10 Middle East & Africa
6.10.1 Middle East & Africa Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.10.2 Middle East & Africa Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
7 FIRE SPRINKLER HEADS MARKET BY COUNTRY
7.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
7.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
7.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales by Country (2019-2030)
7.3.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales by Country (2019-2024)
7.3.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales by Country (2025-2030)
7.4 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Country (2019-2030)
7.4.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Country (2019-2024)
7.4.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Country (2025-2030)
7.5 USA
7.5.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.5.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.5.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.6 Canada
7.6.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.6.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.6.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.7 Germany
7.7.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.7.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.7.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.8 France
7.8.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.8.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.8.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.9 U.K.
7.9.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.9.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.9.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.10 Italy
7.10.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.10.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.10.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.11 Netherlands
7.11.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.11.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.11.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.12 Nordic Countries
7.12.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.12.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.12.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.13 China
7.13.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.13.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.13.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.14 Japan
7.14.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.14.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.14.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.15 South Korea
7.15.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.15.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.15.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.16 Southeast Asia
7.16.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.16.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.16.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.17 India
7.17.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.17.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.17.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.18 Australia
7.18.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.18.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.18.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.19 Mexico
7.19.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.19.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.19.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.20 Brazil
7.20.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.20.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.20.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.21 Turkey
7.21.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.21.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.21.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.22 Saudi Arabia
7.22.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.22.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.22.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.23 UAE
7.23.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.23.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.23.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
8 COMPANY PROFILES
8.1 Tyco International (Johnson Controls)
8.1.1 Tyco International (Johnson Controls) Comapny Information
8.1.2 Tyco International (Johnson Controls) Business Overview
8.1.3 Tyco International (Johnson Controls) Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.1.4 Tyco International (Johnson Controls) Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.1.5 Tyco International (Johnson Controls) Recent Developments
8.2 TianGuang Fire-fighting
8.2.1 TianGuang Fire-fighting Comapny Information
8.2.2 TianGuang Fire-fighting Business Overview
8.2.3 TianGuang Fire-fighting Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.2.4 TianGuang Fire-fighting Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.2.5 TianGuang Fire-fighting Recent Developments
8.3 China NFPT
8.3.1 China NFPT Comapny Information
8.3.2 China NFPT Business Overview
8.3.3 China NFPT Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.3.4 China NFPT Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.3.5 China NFPT Recent Developments
8.4 Viking Group
8.4.1 Viking Group Comapny Information
8.4.2 Viking Group Business Overview
8.4.3 Viking Group Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.4.4 Viking Group Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.4.5 Viking Group Recent Developments
8.5 GuangZhou Shengjie Fire-Protection Equipment Co., Ltd
8.5.1 GuangZhou Shengjie Fire-Protection Equipment Co., Ltd Comapny Information
8.5.2 GuangZhou Shengjie Fire-Protection Equipment Co., Ltd Business Overview
8.5.3 GuangZhou Shengjie Fire-Protection Equipment Co., Ltd Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.5.4 GuangZhou Shengjie Fire-Protection Equipment Co., Ltd Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.5.5 GuangZhou Shengjie Fire-Protection Equipment Co., Ltd Recent Developments
8.6 CFE
8.6.1 CFE Comapny Information
8.6.2 CFE Business Overview
8.6.3 CFE Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.6.4 CFE Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.6.5 CFE Recent Developments
8.7 Guangdong Fire Safety
8.7.1 Guangdong Fire Safety Comapny Information
8.7.2 Guangdong Fire Safety Business Overview
8.7.3 Guangdong Fire Safety Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.7.4 Guangdong Fire Safety Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.7.5 Guangdong Fire Safety Recent Developments
8.8 Shanghai Jindun
8.8.1 Shanghai Jindun Comapny Information
8.8.2 Shanghai Jindun Business Overview
8.8.3 Shanghai Jindun Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.8.4 Shanghai Jindun Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.8.5 Shanghai Jindun Recent Developments
8.9 Shanghai RETI
8.9.1 Shanghai RETI Comapny Information
8.9.2 Shanghai RETI Business Overview
8.9.3 Shanghai RETI Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.9.4 Shanghai RETI Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.9.5 Shanghai RETI Recent Developments
8.10 Hangzhou Xiaoshan Shuangjing Fire Control Machinery
8.10.1 Hangzhou Xiaoshan Shuangjing Fire Control Machinery Comapny Information
8.10.2 Hangzhou Xiaoshan Shuangjing Fire Control Machinery Business Overview
8.10.3 Hangzhou Xiaoshan Shuangjing Fire Control Machinery Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.10.4 Hangzhou Xiaoshan Shuangjing Fire Control Machinery Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.10.5 Hangzhou Xiaoshan Shuangjing Fire Control Machinery Recent Developments
8.11 Zhejiang Ruicheng Fire-Fighting Equipment Co., Ltd
8.11.1 Zhejiang Ruicheng Fire-Fighting Equipment Co., Ltd Comapny Information
8.11.2 Zhejiang Ruicheng Fire-Fighting Equipment Co., Ltd Business Overview
8.11.3 Zhejiang Ruicheng Fire-Fighting Equipment Co., Ltd Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.11.4 Zhejiang Ruicheng Fire-Fighting Equipment Co., Ltd Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.11.5 Zhejiang Ruicheng Fire-Fighting Equipment Co., Ltd Recent Developments
8.12 Jinpurun Fire Equipmentr
8.12.1 Jinpurun Fire Equipmentr Comapny Information
8.12.2 Jinpurun Fire Equipmentr Business Overview
8.12.3 Jinpurun Fire Equipmentr Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.12.4 Jinpurun Fire Equipmentr Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.12.5 Jinpurun Fire Equipmentr Recent Developments
9 VALUE CHAIN AND SALES CHANNELS ANALYSIS
9.1 Fire Sprinkler Heads Value Chain Analysis
9.1.1 Fire Sprinkler Heads Key Raw Materials
9.1.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
9.1.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
9.1.4 Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Mode & Process
9.2 Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Channels Analysis
9.2.1 Direct Comparison with Distribution Share
9.2.2 Fire Sprinkler Heads Distributors
9.2.3 Fire Sprinkler Heads Customers
10 CONCLUDING INSIGHTS
11 APPENDIX
11.1 Reasons for Doing This Study
11.2 Research Methodology
11.3 Research Process
11.4 Authors List of This Report
11.5 Data Source
11.5.1 Secondary Sources
11.5.2 Primary Sources
11.6 Disclaimer
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.2.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value (2019-2030)
1.2.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume (2019-2030)
1.2.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Average Price (2019-2030)
1.3 Assumptions and Limitations
1.4 Study Goals and Objectives
2 FIRE SPRINKLER HEADS MARKET DYNAMICS
2.1 Fire Sprinkler Heads Industry Trends
2.2 Fire Sprinkler Heads Industry Drivers
2.3 Fire Sprinkler Heads Industry Opportunities and Challenges
2.4 Fire Sprinkler Heads Industry Restraints
3 FIRE SPRINKLER HEADS MARKET BY COMPANY
3.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Company Revenue Ranking in 2023
3.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Revenue by Company (2019-2024)
3.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume by Company (2019-2024)
3.4 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Average Price by Company (2019-2024)
3.5 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Company Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
3.6 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Company Manufacturing Base & Headquarters
3.7 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Company, Product Type & Application
3.8 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Company Commercialization Time
3.9 Market Competitive Analysis
3.9.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Market CR5 and HHI
3.9.2 Global Top 5 and 10 Company Market Share by Revenue in 2023
3.9.3 2023 Fire Sprinkler Heads Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier
3.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 FIRE SPRINKLER HEADS MARKET BY TYPE
4.1 Fire Sprinkler Heads Type Introduction
4.1.1 Stent
4.1.2 Glass Bubbles
4.1.3 Fusible Alloy
4.1.4 Heat Sink
4.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume by Type
4.2.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
4.2.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume by Type (2019-2030)
4.2.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume Share by Type (2019-2030)
4.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Type
4.3.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
4.3.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Type (2019-2030)
4.3.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type (2019-2030)
5 FIRE SPRINKLER HEADS MARKET BY APPLICATION
5.1 Fire Sprinkler Heads Application Introduction
5.1.1 Manufacturing Facilities
5.1.2 Hotels and Motels
5.1.3 High-rise Apartment Buildings
5.1.4 High-rise Office Buildings
5.1.5 Others
5.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume by Application
5.2.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
5.2.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume by Application (2019-2030)
5.2.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Volume Share by Application (2019-2030)
5.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Application
5.3.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
5.3.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Application (2019-2030)
5.3.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application (2019-2030)
6 FIRE SPRINKLER HEADS MARKET BY REGION
6.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales by Region (2019-2030)
6.2.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales by Region: 2019-2024
6.2.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales by Region (2025-2030)
6.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.4 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Region (2019-2030)
6.4.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Region: 2019-2024
6.4.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Region (2025-2030)
6.5 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Market Price Analysis by Region (2019-2024)
6.6 North America
6.6.1 North America Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.6.2 North America Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
6.7 Europe
6.7.1 Europe Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.7.2 Europe Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
6.8 Asia-Pacific
6.8.1 Asia-Pacific Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.8.2 Asia-Pacific Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
6.9 Latin America
6.9.1 Latin America Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.9.2 Latin America Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
6.10 Middle East & Africa
6.10.1 Middle East & Africa Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value (2019-2030)
6.10.2 Middle East & Africa Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Country, 2023 VS 2030
7 FIRE SPRINKLER HEADS MARKET BY COUNTRY
7.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
7.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
7.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales by Country (2019-2030)
7.3.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales by Country (2019-2024)
7.3.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales by Country (2025-2030)
7.4 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Country (2019-2030)
7.4.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Country (2019-2024)
7.4.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value by Country (2025-2030)
7.5 USA
7.5.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.5.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.5.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.6 Canada
7.6.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.6.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.6.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.7 Germany
7.7.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.7.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.7.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.8 France
7.8.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.8.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.8.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.9 U.K.
7.9.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.9.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.9.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.10 Italy
7.10.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.10.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.10.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.11 Netherlands
7.11.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.11.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.11.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.12 Nordic Countries
7.12.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.12.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.12.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.13 China
7.13.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.13.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.13.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.14 Japan
7.14.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.14.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.14.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.15 South Korea
7.15.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.15.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.15.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.16 Southeast Asia
7.16.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.16.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.16.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.17 India
7.17.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.17.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.17.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.18 Australia
7.18.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.18.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.18.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.19 Mexico
7.19.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.19.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.19.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.20 Brazil
7.20.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.20.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.20.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.21 Turkey
7.21.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.21.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.21.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.22 Saudi Arabia
7.22.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.22.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.22.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7.23 UAE
7.23.1 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Growth Rate (2019-2030)
7.23.2 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Type, 2023 VS 2030
7.23.3 Global Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Value Share by Application, 2023 VS 2030
8 COMPANY PROFILES
8.1 Tyco International (Johnson Controls)
8.1.1 Tyco International (Johnson Controls) Comapny Information
8.1.2 Tyco International (Johnson Controls) Business Overview
8.1.3 Tyco International (Johnson Controls) Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.1.4 Tyco International (Johnson Controls) Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.1.5 Tyco International (Johnson Controls) Recent Developments
8.2 TianGuang Fire-fighting
8.2.1 TianGuang Fire-fighting Comapny Information
8.2.2 TianGuang Fire-fighting Business Overview
8.2.3 TianGuang Fire-fighting Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.2.4 TianGuang Fire-fighting Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.2.5 TianGuang Fire-fighting Recent Developments
8.3 China NFPT
8.3.1 China NFPT Comapny Information
8.3.2 China NFPT Business Overview
8.3.3 China NFPT Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.3.4 China NFPT Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.3.5 China NFPT Recent Developments
8.4 Viking Group
8.4.1 Viking Group Comapny Information
8.4.2 Viking Group Business Overview
8.4.3 Viking Group Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.4.4 Viking Group Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.4.5 Viking Group Recent Developments
8.5 GuangZhou Shengjie Fire-Protection Equipment Co., Ltd
8.5.1 GuangZhou Shengjie Fire-Protection Equipment Co., Ltd Comapny Information
8.5.2 GuangZhou Shengjie Fire-Protection Equipment Co., Ltd Business Overview
8.5.3 GuangZhou Shengjie Fire-Protection Equipment Co., Ltd Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.5.4 GuangZhou Shengjie Fire-Protection Equipment Co., Ltd Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.5.5 GuangZhou Shengjie Fire-Protection Equipment Co., Ltd Recent Developments
8.6 CFE
8.6.1 CFE Comapny Information
8.6.2 CFE Business Overview
8.6.3 CFE Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.6.4 CFE Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.6.5 CFE Recent Developments
8.7 Guangdong Fire Safety
8.7.1 Guangdong Fire Safety Comapny Information
8.7.2 Guangdong Fire Safety Business Overview
8.7.3 Guangdong Fire Safety Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.7.4 Guangdong Fire Safety Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.7.5 Guangdong Fire Safety Recent Developments
8.8 Shanghai Jindun
8.8.1 Shanghai Jindun Comapny Information
8.8.2 Shanghai Jindun Business Overview
8.8.3 Shanghai Jindun Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.8.4 Shanghai Jindun Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.8.5 Shanghai Jindun Recent Developments
8.9 Shanghai RETI
8.9.1 Shanghai RETI Comapny Information
8.9.2 Shanghai RETI Business Overview
8.9.3 Shanghai RETI Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.9.4 Shanghai RETI Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.9.5 Shanghai RETI Recent Developments
8.10 Hangzhou Xiaoshan Shuangjing Fire Control Machinery
8.10.1 Hangzhou Xiaoshan Shuangjing Fire Control Machinery Comapny Information
8.10.2 Hangzhou Xiaoshan Shuangjing Fire Control Machinery Business Overview
8.10.3 Hangzhou Xiaoshan Shuangjing Fire Control Machinery Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.10.4 Hangzhou Xiaoshan Shuangjing Fire Control Machinery Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.10.5 Hangzhou Xiaoshan Shuangjing Fire Control Machinery Recent Developments
8.11 Zhejiang Ruicheng Fire-Fighting Equipment Co., Ltd
8.11.1 Zhejiang Ruicheng Fire-Fighting Equipment Co., Ltd Comapny Information
8.11.2 Zhejiang Ruicheng Fire-Fighting Equipment Co., Ltd Business Overview
8.11.3 Zhejiang Ruicheng Fire-Fighting Equipment Co., Ltd Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.11.4 Zhejiang Ruicheng Fire-Fighting Equipment Co., Ltd Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.11.5 Zhejiang Ruicheng Fire-Fighting Equipment Co., Ltd Recent Developments
8.12 Jinpurun Fire Equipmentr
8.12.1 Jinpurun Fire Equipmentr Comapny Information
8.12.2 Jinpurun Fire Equipmentr Business Overview
8.12.3 Jinpurun Fire Equipmentr Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.12.4 Jinpurun Fire Equipmentr Fire Sprinkler Heads Product Portfolio
8.12.5 Jinpurun Fire Equipmentr Recent Developments
9 VALUE CHAIN AND SALES CHANNELS ANALYSIS
9.1 Fire Sprinkler Heads Value Chain Analysis
9.1.1 Fire Sprinkler Heads Key Raw Materials
9.1.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
9.1.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
9.1.4 Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Mode & Process
9.2 Fire Sprinkler Heads Sales Channels Analysis
9.2.1 Direct Comparison with Distribution Share
9.2.2 Fire Sprinkler Heads Distributors
9.2.3 Fire Sprinkler Heads Customers
10 CONCLUDING INSIGHTS
11 APPENDIX
11.1 Reasons for Doing This Study
11.2 Research Methodology
11.3 Research Process
11.4 Authors List of This Report
11.5 Data Source
11.5.1 Secondary Sources
11.5.2 Primary Sources
11.6 Disclaimer
