Foil Mills Machine Market Research: Global Status & Forecast by Geography, Type & Application (2016-2026)
SUMMARY
According to 99Strategy, the Global Foil Mills Machine Market is estimated to reach xxx million USD in 2020 and projected to grow at the CAGR of xx% during the 2021-2026. The report analyses the global Foil Mills Machine market, the market size and growth, as well as the major market participants.
The analysis includes market size, upstream situation, market segmentation, market segmentation, price & cost and industry environment. In addition, the report outlines the factors driving industry growth and the description of market channels.The report begins from overview of industrial chain structure, and describes the upstream. Besides, the report analyses market size and forecast in different geographies, type and end-use segment, in addition, the report introduces market competition overview among the major companies and companies profiles, besides, market price and channel features are covered in the report.
Key Regions
According to 99Strategy, the Global Foil Mills Machine Market is estimated to reach xxx million USD in 2020 and projected to grow at the CAGR of xx% during the 2021-2026. The report analyses the global Foil Mills Machine market, the market size and growth, as well as the major market participants.
The analysis includes market size, upstream situation, market segmentation, market segmentation, price & cost and industry environment. In addition, the report outlines the factors driving industry growth and the description of market channels.The report begins from overview of industrial chain structure, and describes the upstream. Besides, the report analyses market size and forecast in different geographies, type and end-use segment, in addition, the report introduces market competition overview among the major companies and companies profiles, besides, market price and channel features are covered in the report.
Key Regions
- Asia Pacific
- North America
- Europe
- South America
- Middle East & Africa
- Primetals Technologies
- CCM Mechanical
- DWG Machine
- Henan Mine Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd.
- Danieli
- MINO SPA
- Kobe Steel, Ltd.
- SHANGHAI Birnith MACHINERY CO., LTD
- Sambhav Machinery
- Copper Foil Mill
- Aluminum Foil Mill
- Others
- Construction Industry
- Electronics Industry
- Others
- Overview of the Foil Mills Machine market including production, consumption, status & forecast and market growth
- 2016-2020 historical data and 2021-2026 market forecast
- Geographical analysis including major countries
- Overview the product type market including development
- Overview the end-user market including development
- Impact of Coronavirus on the Industry
1 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN OVERVIEW
1.1 Foil Mills Machine Industry
1.1.1 Overview
Figure Foil Mills Machine Picture List
1.1.2 Characteristics of Foil Mills Machine
1.2 Upstream
1.2.1 Major Materials
1.2.2 Manufacturing Overview
1.3 Product List By Type
1.3.1 Copper Foil Mill
1.3.2 Aluminum Foil Mill
1.3.3 Others
1.4 End-Use List
1.4.1 Demand in Construction Industry
1.4.2 Demand in Electronics Industry
1.4.3 Demand in Others
1.5 Global Market Overview
1.5.1 Global Market Size and Forecast, 2016-2026
Figure Global Market Size and Forecast with Growth Rate, 2016-2026
1.5.2 Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with CAGR, 2016-2026
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with Growth Rate, 2016-2026
1.5.3 Global Market Size and Forecast by Product Type with CAGR, 2016-2026
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Type with Growth Rate, 2016-2026
1.5.4 Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with CAGR, 2016-2026
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with Growth Rate, 2016-2026
2 GLOBAL PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION BY GEOGRAPHY
2.1 Global Production & Consumption
2.1.1 Global Production
Figure Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.1.2 Global Consumption
Figure Global Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Market Volume and Growth Rate by Geography, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Market Amount and Growth Rate by Geography, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2 Geographic Production & Consumption
2.2.1 Production
2.2.1.1 Asia-Pacific
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.1.2 North America
Figure North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.1.3 South America
Figure South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.1.4 Europe
Figure Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.1.5 Middle East & Africa
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.2 Consumption
2.2.2.1 Asia-Pacific
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.2.2 North America
Figure North America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table North America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure North America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table North America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.2.3 South America
Figure South America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table South America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure South America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table South America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.2.4 Europe
Figure Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.2.5 Middle East & Africa
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
3 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION
3.1 Manufacturers Overview
Table Major Manufacturers Headquarters and Contact Information
Table Major Manufacturers Capacity List in 2018
3.2 Manufacturers List
3.2.1 Primetals Technologies Overview
Table Primetals Technologies Overview List
3.2.1.1 Product Specifications
3.2.1.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Primetals Technologies (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.1.3 Recent Developments
3.2.1.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.2 CCM Mechanical Overview
Table CCM Mechanical Overview List
3.2.2.1 Product Specifications
3.2.2.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of CCM Mechanical (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.2.3 Recent Developments
3.2.2.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.3 DWG Machine Overview
Table DWG Machine Overview List
3.2.3.1 Product Specifications
3.2.3.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of DWG Machine (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.3.3 Recent Developments
3.2.3.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.4 Henan Mine Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. Overview
Table Henan Mine Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. Overview List
3.2.4.1 Product Specifications
3.2.4.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Henan Mine Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.4.3 Recent Developments
3.2.4.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.5 Danieli Overview
Table Danieli Overview List
3.2.5.1 Product Specifications
3.2.5.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Danieli (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.5.3 Recent Developments
3.2.5.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.6 MINO SPA Overview
Table MINO SPA Overview List
3.2.6.1 Product Specifications
3.2.6.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of MINO SPA (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.6.3 Recent Developments
3.2.6.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.7 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Overview
Table Kobe Steel, Ltd. Overview List
3.2.7.1 Product Specifications
3.2.7.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Kobe Steel, Ltd. (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.7.3 Recent Developments
3.2.7.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.8 SHANGHAI Birnith MACHINERY CO., LTD Overview
Table SHANGHAI Birnith MACHINERY CO., LTD Overview List
3.2.8.1 Product Specifications
3.2.8.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of SHANGHAI Birnith MACHINERY CO., LTD (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.8.3 Recent Developments
3.2.8.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.9 Sambhav Machinery Overview
Table Sambhav Machinery Overview List
3.2.9.1 Product Specifications
3.2.9.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Sambhav Machinery (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.9.3 Recent Developments
3.2.9.4 Future Strategic Planning
4 MARKET COMPETITION PATTERN
4.1 Market Size and Sketch
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Global Competition Sketch Overview
4.2 Company Market Share
4.2.1 Global Production by Major Manufacturers
Table Global Production Volume List by Manufacturers, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Production Volume Share List by Manufacturers, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Production Volume Share by Manufacturers in 2020, in Volume
Table Global Production Amount List by Manufacturers, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Production Amount Share List by Manufacturers, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Global Production Amount Share by Manufacturers in 2020, in Million USD
4.2.2 Market Concentration Analysis
4.3 Market News and Trend
4.3.1 Merger & Acquisition
4.3.2 New Product Launch
5 PRODUCT TYPE SEGMENT
5.1 Global Overview by Product Type Segment
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment 2016-2020, in Volume
5.2 Segment Subdivision by Product Type
5.2.1 Market in Copper Foil Mill
5.2.1.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Copper Foil Mill, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Copper Foil Mill, 2016-2020, in Volume
5.2.1.2 Situation & Development
5.2.2 Market in Aluminum Foil Mill
5.2.2.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Aluminum Foil Mill, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Aluminum Foil Mill, 2016-2020, in Volume
5.2.2.2 Situation & Development
5.2.3 Market in Others
5.2.3.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2016-2020, in Volume
5.2.3.2 Situation & Development
6 END-USE SEGMENT
6.1 Global Overview by End-Use Segment
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment 2016-2020, in Volume
6.2 Segment Subdivision
6.2.1 Market in Construction Industry
6.2.1.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Construction Industry, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Construction Industry, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.2.1.2 Situation & Development
6.2.2 Market in Electronics Industry
6.2.2.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Electronics Industry, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Electronics Industry, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.2.2.2 Situation & Development
6.2.3 Market in Others
6.2.3.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.2.3.2 Situation & Development
7 MARKET FORECAST & TREND
7.1 Regional Forecast
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2021-2026, in Million USD
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2021-2026, in Volume
7.2 Consumption Forecast
7.2.1 Product Type Forecast
Table Global Market Amount by Product Type Segment 2021-2026, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by Product Type Segment 2021-2026, in Volume
7.2.2 End-Use Forecast
Table Global Market Amount by End-Use Segment 2021-2026, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by End-Use Segment 2021-2026, in Volume
7.3 Investment Trend
7.4 Consumption Trend
8 PRICE & CHANNEL
8.1 Price and Cost
8.1.1 Price
8.1.2 Cost
Figure Cost Component Ratio
8.2 Channel Segment
9 MARKET DRIVERS & INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT
9.1 Market Drivers
9.2 Investment Environment
9.3 Impact of Coronavirus on the Foil Mills Machine Industry
9.3.1 Impact on Industry Upstream
9.3.2 Impact on Industry Downstream
9.3.3 Impact on Industry Channels
9.3.4 Impact on Industry Competition
9.3.5 Impact on Industry Employment
10 RESEARCH CONCLUSION
1.1 Foil Mills Machine Industry
1.1.1 Overview
Figure Foil Mills Machine Picture List
1.1.2 Characteristics of Foil Mills Machine
1.2 Upstream
1.2.1 Major Materials
1.2.2 Manufacturing Overview
1.3 Product List By Type
1.3.1 Copper Foil Mill
1.3.2 Aluminum Foil Mill
1.3.3 Others
1.4 End-Use List
1.4.1 Demand in Construction Industry
1.4.2 Demand in Electronics Industry
1.4.3 Demand in Others
1.5 Global Market Overview
1.5.1 Global Market Size and Forecast, 2016-2026
Figure Global Market Size and Forecast with Growth Rate, 2016-2026
1.5.2 Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with CAGR, 2016-2026
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with Growth Rate, 2016-2026
1.5.3 Global Market Size and Forecast by Product Type with CAGR, 2016-2026
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Type with Growth Rate, 2016-2026
1.5.4 Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with CAGR, 2016-2026
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with Growth Rate, 2016-2026
2 GLOBAL PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION BY GEOGRAPHY
2.1 Global Production & Consumption
2.1.1 Global Production
Figure Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.1.2 Global Consumption
Figure Global Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Market Volume and Growth Rate by Geography, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Market Amount and Growth Rate by Geography, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2 Geographic Production & Consumption
2.2.1 Production
2.2.1.1 Asia-Pacific
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.1.2 North America
Figure North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.1.3 South America
Figure South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.1.4 Europe
Figure Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.1.5 Middle East & Africa
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.2 Consumption
2.2.2.1 Asia-Pacific
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.2.2 North America
Figure North America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table North America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure North America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table North America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.2.3 South America
Figure South America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table South America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure South America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table South America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.2.4 Europe
Figure Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
2.2.2.5 Middle East & Africa
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
3 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION
3.1 Manufacturers Overview
Table Major Manufacturers Headquarters and Contact Information
Table Major Manufacturers Capacity List in 2018
3.2 Manufacturers List
3.2.1 Primetals Technologies Overview
Table Primetals Technologies Overview List
3.2.1.1 Product Specifications
3.2.1.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Primetals Technologies (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.1.3 Recent Developments
3.2.1.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.2 CCM Mechanical Overview
Table CCM Mechanical Overview List
3.2.2.1 Product Specifications
3.2.2.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of CCM Mechanical (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.2.3 Recent Developments
3.2.2.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.3 DWG Machine Overview
Table DWG Machine Overview List
3.2.3.1 Product Specifications
3.2.3.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of DWG Machine (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.3.3 Recent Developments
3.2.3.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.4 Henan Mine Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. Overview
Table Henan Mine Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. Overview List
3.2.4.1 Product Specifications
3.2.4.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Henan Mine Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.4.3 Recent Developments
3.2.4.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.5 Danieli Overview
Table Danieli Overview List
3.2.5.1 Product Specifications
3.2.5.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Danieli (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.5.3 Recent Developments
3.2.5.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.6 MINO SPA Overview
Table MINO SPA Overview List
3.2.6.1 Product Specifications
3.2.6.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of MINO SPA (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.6.3 Recent Developments
3.2.6.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.7 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Overview
Table Kobe Steel, Ltd. Overview List
3.2.7.1 Product Specifications
3.2.7.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Kobe Steel, Ltd. (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.7.3 Recent Developments
3.2.7.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.8 SHANGHAI Birnith MACHINERY CO., LTD Overview
Table SHANGHAI Birnith MACHINERY CO., LTD Overview List
3.2.8.1 Product Specifications
3.2.8.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of SHANGHAI Birnith MACHINERY CO., LTD (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.8.3 Recent Developments
3.2.8.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.9 Sambhav Machinery Overview
Table Sambhav Machinery Overview List
3.2.9.1 Product Specifications
3.2.9.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Sambhav Machinery (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.9.3 Recent Developments
3.2.9.4 Future Strategic Planning
4 MARKET COMPETITION PATTERN
4.1 Market Size and Sketch
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Global Competition Sketch Overview
4.2 Company Market Share
4.2.1 Global Production by Major Manufacturers
Table Global Production Volume List by Manufacturers, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Production Volume Share List by Manufacturers, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Production Volume Share by Manufacturers in 2020, in Volume
Table Global Production Amount List by Manufacturers, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Production Amount Share List by Manufacturers, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Global Production Amount Share by Manufacturers in 2020, in Million USD
4.2.2 Market Concentration Analysis
4.3 Market News and Trend
4.3.1 Merger & Acquisition
4.3.2 New Product Launch
5 PRODUCT TYPE SEGMENT
5.1 Global Overview by Product Type Segment
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment 2016-2020, in Volume
5.2 Segment Subdivision by Product Type
5.2.1 Market in Copper Foil Mill
5.2.1.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Copper Foil Mill, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Copper Foil Mill, 2016-2020, in Volume
5.2.1.2 Situation & Development
5.2.2 Market in Aluminum Foil Mill
5.2.2.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Aluminum Foil Mill, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Aluminum Foil Mill, 2016-2020, in Volume
5.2.2.2 Situation & Development
5.2.3 Market in Others
5.2.3.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2016-2020, in Volume
5.2.3.2 Situation & Development
6 END-USE SEGMENT
6.1 Global Overview by End-Use Segment
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment 2016-2020, in Volume
6.2 Segment Subdivision
6.2.1 Market in Construction Industry
6.2.1.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Construction Industry, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Construction Industry, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.2.1.2 Situation & Development
6.2.2 Market in Electronics Industry
6.2.2.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Electronics Industry, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Electronics Industry, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.2.2.2 Situation & Development
6.2.3 Market in Others
6.2.3.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.2.3.2 Situation & Development
7 MARKET FORECAST & TREND
7.1 Regional Forecast
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2021-2026, in Million USD
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2021-2026, in Volume
7.2 Consumption Forecast
7.2.1 Product Type Forecast
Table Global Market Amount by Product Type Segment 2021-2026, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by Product Type Segment 2021-2026, in Volume
7.2.2 End-Use Forecast
Table Global Market Amount by End-Use Segment 2021-2026, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by End-Use Segment 2021-2026, in Volume
7.3 Investment Trend
7.4 Consumption Trend
8 PRICE & CHANNEL
8.1 Price and Cost
8.1.1 Price
8.1.2 Cost
Figure Cost Component Ratio
8.2 Channel Segment
9 MARKET DRIVERS & INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT
9.1 Market Drivers
9.2 Investment Environment
9.3 Impact of Coronavirus on the Foil Mills Machine Industry
9.3.1 Impact on Industry Upstream
9.3.2 Impact on Industry Downstream
9.3.3 Impact on Industry Channels
9.3.4 Impact on Industry Competition
9.3.5 Impact on Industry Employment
10 RESEARCH CONCLUSION
LIST OF TABLES
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with Growth Rate, 2016-2026
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Type with Growth Rate, 2016-2026
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with Growth Rate, 2016-2026
Table Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume and Growth Rate by Geography, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount and Growth Rate by Geography, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table North America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table North America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table South America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table South America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Major Manufacturers Headquarters and Contact Information
Table Major Manufacturers Capacity List in 2018
Table Primetals Technologies Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Primetals Technologies (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table CCM Mechanical Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of CCM Mechanical (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table DWG Machine Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of DWG Machine (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Henan Mine Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Henan Mine Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Danieli Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Danieli (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table MINO SPA Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of MINO SPA (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Kobe Steel, Ltd. Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Kobe Steel, Ltd. (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table SHANGHAI Birnith MACHINERY CO., LTD Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of SHANGHAI Birnith MACHINERY CO., LTD (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Sambhav Machinery Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Sambhav Machinery (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Global Production Volume List by Manufacturers, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Production Volume Share List by Manufacturers, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Production Amount List by Manufacturers, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Production Amount Share List by Manufacturers, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2021-2026, in Million USD
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2021-2026, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount by Product Type Segment 2021-2026, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by Product Type Segment 2021-2026, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount by End-Use Segment 2021-2026, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by End-Use Segment 2021-2026, in Volume
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with Growth Rate, 2016-2026
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Type with Growth Rate, 2016-2026
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with Growth Rate, 2016-2026
Table Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume and Growth Rate by Geography, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount and Growth Rate by Geography, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table North America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table North America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table South America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table South America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Major Manufacturers Headquarters and Contact Information
Table Major Manufacturers Capacity List in 2018
Table Primetals Technologies Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Primetals Technologies (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table CCM Mechanical Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of CCM Mechanical (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table DWG Machine Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of DWG Machine (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Henan Mine Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Henan Mine Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Danieli Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Danieli (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table MINO SPA Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of MINO SPA (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Kobe Steel, Ltd. Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Kobe Steel, Ltd. (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table SHANGHAI Birnith MACHINERY CO., LTD Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of SHANGHAI Birnith MACHINERY CO., LTD (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Sambhav Machinery Overview List
Table Foil Mills Machine Business Operation of Sambhav Machinery (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Global Production Volume List by Manufacturers, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Production Volume Share List by Manufacturers, 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Production Amount List by Manufacturers, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Production Amount Share List by Manufacturers, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment 2016-2020, in Volume
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2021-2026, in Million USD
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2021-2026, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount by Product Type Segment 2021-2026, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by Product Type Segment 2021-2026, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount by End-Use Segment 2021-2026, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by End-Use Segment 2021-2026, in Volume
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Foil Mills Machine Picture List
Figure Global Market Size and Forecast with Growth Rate, 2016-2026
Figure Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Global Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure North America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure North America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure South America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure South America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Global Competition Sketch Overview
Figure Global Production Volume Share by Manufacturers in 2020, in Volume
Figure Global Production Amount Share by Manufacturers in 2020, in Million USD
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Copper Foil Mill, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Copper Foil Mill, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Aluminum Foil Mill, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Aluminum Foil Mill, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Construction Industry, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Construction Industry, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Electronics Industry, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Electronics Industry, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Cost Component Ratio
Figure Foil Mills Machine Picture List
Figure Global Market Size and Forecast with Growth Rate, 2016-2026
Figure Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Global Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure North America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure North America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure South America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure South America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2016-2020, in Million USD
Figure Global Competition Sketch Overview
Figure Global Production Volume Share by Manufacturers in 2020, in Volume
Figure Global Production Amount Share by Manufacturers in 2020, in Million USD
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Copper Foil Mill, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Copper Foil Mill, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Aluminum Foil Mill, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Aluminum Foil Mill, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Construction Industry, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Construction Industry, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Electronics Industry, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Electronics Industry, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2016-2020, in Volume
Figure Cost Component Ratio
