Flour Testing Equipment Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

May 2022 | 76 pages | ID: F985FC35512BEN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

This report contains market size and forecasts of Flour Testing Equipment in global, including the following market information:

Global Flour Testing Equipment Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Flour Testing Equipment Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (K Units)

Global top five Flour Testing Equipment companies in 2021 (%)

The global Flour Testing Equipment market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2022-2028.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Benchtop Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Flour Testing Equipment include Calibre Control, AFPM, Brabender Instruments, Bastak Instruments, Can-Am Instruments and AMETEK, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Flour Testing Equipment manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Flour Testing Equipment Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Flour Testing Equipment Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Benchtop
• Portable

Global Flour Testing Equipment Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Flour Testing Equipment Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Lab
• Industrial

Global Flour Testing Equipment Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Flour Testing Equipment Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Flour Testing Equipment revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Flour Testing Equipment revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Flour Testing Equipment sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (K Units)

Key companies Flour Testing Equipment sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• Calibre Control
• AFPM
• Brabender Instruments
• Bastak Instruments
• Can-Am Instruments
• AMETEK

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Flour Testing Equipment Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Flour Testing Equipment Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL FLOUR TESTING EQUIPMENT OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Flour Testing Equipment Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Flour Testing Equipment Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Flour Testing Equipment Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Flour Testing Equipment Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Flour Testing Equipment Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Flour Testing Equipment Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Flour Testing Equipment Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Flour Testing Equipment Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Flour Testing Equipment Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Flour Testing Equipment Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Benchtop
  4.1.3 Portable
4.2 By Type - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Flour Testing Equipment Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Lab
  5.1.3 Industrial
5.2 By Application - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Flour Testing Equipment Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Flour Testing Equipment Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Flour Testing Equipment Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Flour Testing Equipment Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Flour Testing Equipment Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Flour Testing Equipment Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Flour Testing Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 Calibre Control
  7.1.1 Calibre Control Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 Calibre Control Business Overview
  7.1.3 Calibre Control Flour Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 Calibre Control Flour Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 Calibre Control Key News
7.2 AFPM
  7.2.1 AFPM Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 AFPM Business Overview
  7.2.3 AFPM Flour Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 AFPM Flour Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 AFPM Key News
7.3 Brabender Instruments
  7.3.1 Brabender Instruments Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Brabender Instruments Business Overview
  7.3.3 Brabender Instruments Flour Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Brabender Instruments Flour Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 Brabender Instruments Key News
7.4 Bastak Instruments
  7.4.1 Bastak Instruments Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Bastak Instruments Business Overview
  7.4.3 Bastak Instruments Flour Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Bastak Instruments Flour Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 Bastak Instruments Key News
7.5 Can-Am Instruments
  7.5.1 Can-Am Instruments Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Can-Am Instruments Business Overview
  7.5.3 Can-Am Instruments Flour Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Can-Am Instruments Flour Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 Can-Am Instruments Key News
7.6 AMETEK
  7.6.1 AMETEK Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 AMETEK Business Overview
  7.6.3 AMETEK Flour Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 AMETEK Flour Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 AMETEK Key News

8 GLOBAL FLOUR TESTING EQUIPMENT PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Flour Testing Equipment Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Flour Testing Equipment Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Flour Testing Equipment Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 FLOUR TESTING EQUIPMENT SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Flour Testing Equipment Industry Value Chain
10.2 Flour Testing Equipment Upstream Market
10.3 Flour Testing Equipment Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Flour Testing Equipment Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Flour Testing Equipment in Global Market
Table 2. Top Flour Testing Equipment Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Flour Testing Equipment Price (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Flour Testing Equipment Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Flour Testing Equipment Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Flour Testing Equipment Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Flour Testing Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Flour Testing Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Flour Testing Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Flour Testing Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Flour Testing Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Flour Testing Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Flour Testing Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Flour Testing Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Flour Testing Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Flour Testing Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. Calibre Control Corporate Summary
Table 47. Calibre Control Flour Testing Equipment Product Offerings
Table 48. Calibre Control Flour Testing Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. AFPM Corporate Summary
Table 50. AFPM Flour Testing Equipment Product Offerings
Table 51. AFPM Flour Testing Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Brabender Instruments Corporate Summary
Table 53. Brabender Instruments Flour Testing Equipment Product Offerings
Table 54. Brabender Instruments Flour Testing Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Bastak Instruments Corporate Summary
Table 56. Bastak Instruments Flour Testing Equipment Product Offerings
Table 57. Bastak Instruments Flour Testing Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Can-Am Instruments Corporate Summary
Table 59. Can-Am Instruments Flour Testing Equipment Product Offerings
Table 60. Can-Am Instruments Flour Testing Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. AMETEK Corporate Summary
Table 62. AMETEK Flour Testing Equipment Product Offerings
Table 63. AMETEK Flour Testing Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Flour Testing Equipment Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 65. Global Flour Testing Equipment Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 66. Global Flour Testing Equipment Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 67. Global Flour Testing Equipment Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 68. Flour Testing Equipment Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 69. Flour Testing Equipment Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 70. Flour Testing Equipment Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 71. Flour Testing Equipment Raw Materials
Table 72. Flour Testing Equipment Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 73. Typical Flour Testing Equipment Downstream
Table 74. Flour Testing Equipment Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 75. Flour Testing Equipment Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Flour Testing Equipment Segment by Type
Figure 2. Flour Testing Equipment Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Flour Testing Equipment Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Flour Testing Equipment Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Flour Testing Equipment Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Flour Testing Equipment Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Flour Testing Equipment Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Flour Testing Equipment Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Flour Testing Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Flour Testing Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Flour Testing Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Flour Testing Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Flour Testing Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Flour Testing Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Flour Testing Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Flour Testing Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Flour Testing Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Flour Testing Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Flour Testing Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Flour Testing Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Flour Testing Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Flour Testing Equipment Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Flour Testing Equipment by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Flour Testing Equipment Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels