Europe Packaging Robots Market Size study, by Gripper Type (Clamp, Claw, Vacuum, Others), By Application (Pick & Place, Packing, Palletizing), By End User (Food & Beverage, Pharmaceuticals, Consumer Products, Logistics, Others), and Country Forecasts 2022-2032
Europe Packaging Robots Market is valued approximately USD 1.34 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 10.16% over the forecast period 2024-2032. Packaging robots are automated machines used in industries to handle tasks like picking, packing, labeling, palletizing, and sorting items for streamline and automate packaging processes across diverse industry sectors like pharmaceuticals, consumer goods, logistics, and food & beverages. Vacuum grippers play a crucial role in picking up flat materials such as glass or metal sheets, employing suction caps to grip multiple objects simultaneously during packaging and palletizing operations. These grippers are particularly effective in handling large crates, boxes, cans, and bottles, making them highly prevalent in the packaging industry. These robots offer benefits such as increased speed, efficiency, accuracy, reduced labor costs, and the ability to handle repetitive tasks without errors. They are integrated into production lines and warehouse systems to streamline packaging processes and improve overall operations. The surge in demand for flexible and customizable packaging solutions is a key trend for the Europe Packaging Robots Market. In the European market, packaging robots with advanced capabilities including fast changeovers, modular designs, and adaptive packaging technologies are gaining high popularity.
European industries are concentrating increasingly on automating their manufacturing processes to increase production, cut labor costs, and improve efficiency. Packaging robots play a crucial role in this automation drive, offering advanced capabilities for handling packaging tasks. Also, Europe has strict quality requirements and laws regarding packaging in the food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics sectors, among others. Consequentially, packaging robots contribute to the maintenance of compliance with these requirements by offering accurate and reliable packaging solutions. The soaring demand for quality and consistency, growing emphasis on sustainability in European manufacturing, coupled with the increasing advancements in packaging robot technology are the key factors that are bolstering the growth of the packaging robots’ market across Europe. However, the high initial costs associated with packaging robots and shortage of skilled and trained personnel are expected to stifle Europe Packaging Robots Market growth between 2022 and 2032.
The key countries considered for the Europe Packaging Robots Market study includes UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and Rest of Europe. In 2023, Germany is recorded with the substantial share in the Packaging Robots Market owing to the growing focus on quality and consistency, strong focus on maintaining high-quality standards and precision in packaging processes. Furthermore, in terms of technical innovation, Germany is leading the way in robots, machine learning (ML), artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT). Robots that package packages are becoming intelligent, flexible, and able to adjust to changing production requirements because of the advancement of these technologies. The market in France, on the other hand, is expected to develop at the fastest rate over the forecast period.
Major market player included in this report are:
ABB Limited
Krones AG
Schneider Electric SE
Company 4
Company 5
Company 6
Company 7
Company 8
Company 9
Company 10
The detailed segments and sub-segment of the market are explained below:
By Gripper Type
Clamp
Claw
Vacuum
Others
By Application
Pick & Place
Packing
Palletizing
By End User
Food & Beverage
Pharmaceuticals
Consumer Products
Logistics
Others
?
By Region:
Europe
UK
Germany
France
Spain
Italy
ROE
Years considered for the study are as follows:
Historical year – 2022
Base year – 2023
Forecast period – 2024 to 2032
Key Takeaways:
Market Estimates & Forecast for 10 years from 2022 to 2032.
Annualized revenues and Country level analysis for each market segment.
Detailed analysis of geographical landscape with Country level analysis.
Competitive landscape with information on major players in the market.
Analysis of key business strategies and recommendations on future market approach.
Analysis of competitive structure of the market.
Demand side and supply side analysis of the market.
European industries are concentrating increasingly on automating their manufacturing processes to increase production, cut labor costs, and improve efficiency. Packaging robots play a crucial role in this automation drive, offering advanced capabilities for handling packaging tasks. Also, Europe has strict quality requirements and laws regarding packaging in the food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics sectors, among others. Consequentially, packaging robots contribute to the maintenance of compliance with these requirements by offering accurate and reliable packaging solutions. The soaring demand for quality and consistency, growing emphasis on sustainability in European manufacturing, coupled with the increasing advancements in packaging robot technology are the key factors that are bolstering the growth of the packaging robots’ market across Europe. However, the high initial costs associated with packaging robots and shortage of skilled and trained personnel are expected to stifle Europe Packaging Robots Market growth between 2022 and 2032.
The key countries considered for the Europe Packaging Robots Market study includes UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and Rest of Europe. In 2023, Germany is recorded with the substantial share in the Packaging Robots Market owing to the growing focus on quality and consistency, strong focus on maintaining high-quality standards and precision in packaging processes. Furthermore, in terms of technical innovation, Germany is leading the way in robots, machine learning (ML), artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT). Robots that package packages are becoming intelligent, flexible, and able to adjust to changing production requirements because of the advancement of these technologies. The market in France, on the other hand, is expected to develop at the fastest rate over the forecast period.
Major market player included in this report are:
ABB Limited
Krones AG
Schneider Electric SE
Company 4
Company 5
Company 6
Company 7
Company 8
Company 9
Company 10
The detailed segments and sub-segment of the market are explained below:
By Gripper Type
Clamp
Claw
Vacuum
Others
By Application
Pick & Place
Packing
Palletizing
By End User
Food & Beverage
Pharmaceuticals
Consumer Products
Logistics
Others
?
By Region:
Europe
UK
Germany
France
Spain
Italy
ROE
Years considered for the study are as follows:
Historical year – 2022
Base year – 2023
Forecast period – 2024 to 2032
Key Takeaways:
Market Estimates & Forecast for 10 years from 2022 to 2032.
Annualized revenues and Country level analysis for each market segment.
Detailed analysis of geographical landscape with Country level analysis.
Competitive landscape with information on major players in the market.
Analysis of key business strategies and recommendations on future market approach.
Analysis of competitive structure of the market.
Demand side and supply side analysis of the market.
CHAPTER 1. EUROPE PACKAGING ROBOTS MARKET DEFINITION AND RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS
1.1. Research Objective
1.2. Market Definition
1.3. Research Assumptions
1.3.1. Inclusion & Exclusion
1.3.2. Limitations
1.3.3. Supply Side Analysis
1.3.3.1. Availability
1.3.3.2. Infrastructure
1.3.3.3. Regulatory Environment
1.3.3.4. Market Competition
1.3.3.5. Economic Viability (Consumer’s Perspective)
1.3.4. Demand Side Analysis
1.3.4.1. Regulatory frameworks
1.3.4.2. Technological Advancements
1.3.4.3. Environmental Considerations
1.3.4.4. Consumer Awareness & Acceptance
1.4. Estimation Methodology
1.5. Years Considered for the Study
1.6. Currency Conversion Rates
CHAPTER 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.1. Europe Packaging Robots Market Size & Forecast (2022- 2032)
2.2. Regional Summary
2.3. Segmental Summary
2.3.1. By Gripper Type
2.3.2. By Application
2.3.3. By End User
2.4. Key Trends
2.5. Recession Impact
2.6. Analyst Recommendation & Conclusion
CHAPTER 3. EUROPE PACKAGING ROBOTS MARKET DYNAMICS
3.1. Market Drivers
3.2. Market Challenges
3.3. Market Opportunities
CHAPTER 4. EUROPE PACKAGING ROBOTS MARKET INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
4.1. Porter’s 5 Force Model
4.1.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
4.1.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
4.1.3. Threat of New Entrants
4.1.4. Threat of Substitutes
4.1.5. Competitive Rivalry
4.1.6. Futuristic Approach to Porter’s 5 Force Model
4.1.7. Porter’s 5 Force Impact Analysis
4.2. PESTEL Analysis
4.2.1. Political
4.2.2. Economical
4.2.3. Social
4.2.4. Technological
4.2.5. Environmental
4.2.6. Legal
4.3. Top investment opportunity
4.4. Top winning strategies
4.5. Disruptive Trends
4.6. Industry Expert Perspective
4.7. Analyst Recommendation & Conclusion
CHAPTER 5. EUROPE PACKAGING ROBOTS MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY GRIPPER TYPE 2022-2032
5.1. Clamp
5.2. Claw
5.3. Vacuum
5.4. Others
CHAPTER 6. EUROPE PACKAGING ROBOTS MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY APPLICATION 2022-2032
6.1. Pick & Place
6.2. Packing
6.3. Palletizing
CHAPTER 7. EUROPE PACKAGING ROBOTS MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY END USER 2022-2032
7.1. Food & Beverage
7.2. Pharmaceuticals
7.3. Consumer Products
7.4. Logistics
7.5. Others
CHAPTER 8. EUROPE PACKAGING ROBOTS MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY COUNTRY 2022-2032
8.1. U.K. Packaging Robots Market
8.1.1. Gripper Type breakdown size & forecasts, 2022-2032
8.1.2. Application breakdown size & forecasts, 2022-2032
8.1.3. End User breakdown size & forecasts, 2022-2032
8.2. Germany Packaging Robots Market
8.3. France Packaging Robots Market
8.4. Spain Packaging Robots Market
8.5. Italy Packaging Robots Market
8.6. Rest of Europe Packaging Robots Market
CHAPTER 9. COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE
9.1. Key Company SWOT Analysis
9.1.1. Company
9.1.2. Company
9.1.3. Company
9.2. Top Market Strategies
9.3. Company Profiles
9.3.1. ABB Limited
9.3.1.1. Key Information
9.3.1.2. Overview
9.3.1.3. Financial (Subject to Data Availability)
9.3.1.4. Product Summary
9.3.1.5. Market Strategies
9.3.2. Krones AG
9.3.3. Schneider Electric SE
9.3.4. Company
9.3.5. Company
9.3.6. Company
9.3.7. Company
9.3.8. Company
9.3.9. Company
9.3.10. Company
CHAPTER 10. RESEARCH PROCESS
10.1. Research Process
10.1.1. Data Mining
10.1.2. Analysis
10.1.3. Market Estimation
10.1.4. Validation
10.1.5. Publishing
10.2. Research Attributes
1.1. Research Objective
1.2. Market Definition
1.3. Research Assumptions
1.3.1. Inclusion & Exclusion
1.3.2. Limitations
1.3.3. Supply Side Analysis
1.3.3.1. Availability
1.3.3.2. Infrastructure
1.3.3.3. Regulatory Environment
1.3.3.4. Market Competition
1.3.3.5. Economic Viability (Consumer’s Perspective)
1.3.4. Demand Side Analysis
1.3.4.1. Regulatory frameworks
1.3.4.2. Technological Advancements
1.3.4.3. Environmental Considerations
1.3.4.4. Consumer Awareness & Acceptance
1.4. Estimation Methodology
1.5. Years Considered for the Study
1.6. Currency Conversion Rates
CHAPTER 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.1. Europe Packaging Robots Market Size & Forecast (2022- 2032)
2.2. Regional Summary
2.3. Segmental Summary
2.3.1. By Gripper Type
2.3.2. By Application
2.3.3. By End User
2.4. Key Trends
2.5. Recession Impact
2.6. Analyst Recommendation & Conclusion
CHAPTER 3. EUROPE PACKAGING ROBOTS MARKET DYNAMICS
3.1. Market Drivers
3.2. Market Challenges
3.3. Market Opportunities
CHAPTER 4. EUROPE PACKAGING ROBOTS MARKET INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
4.1. Porter’s 5 Force Model
4.1.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
4.1.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
4.1.3. Threat of New Entrants
4.1.4. Threat of Substitutes
4.1.5. Competitive Rivalry
4.1.6. Futuristic Approach to Porter’s 5 Force Model
4.1.7. Porter’s 5 Force Impact Analysis
4.2. PESTEL Analysis
4.2.1. Political
4.2.2. Economical
4.2.3. Social
4.2.4. Technological
4.2.5. Environmental
4.2.6. Legal
4.3. Top investment opportunity
4.4. Top winning strategies
4.5. Disruptive Trends
4.6. Industry Expert Perspective
4.7. Analyst Recommendation & Conclusion
CHAPTER 5. EUROPE PACKAGING ROBOTS MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY GRIPPER TYPE 2022-2032
5.1. Clamp
5.2. Claw
5.3. Vacuum
5.4. Others
CHAPTER 6. EUROPE PACKAGING ROBOTS MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY APPLICATION 2022-2032
6.1. Pick & Place
6.2. Packing
6.3. Palletizing
CHAPTER 7. EUROPE PACKAGING ROBOTS MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY END USER 2022-2032
7.1. Food & Beverage
7.2. Pharmaceuticals
7.3. Consumer Products
7.4. Logistics
7.5. Others
CHAPTER 8. EUROPE PACKAGING ROBOTS MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY COUNTRY 2022-2032
8.1. U.K. Packaging Robots Market
8.1.1. Gripper Type breakdown size & forecasts, 2022-2032
8.1.2. Application breakdown size & forecasts, 2022-2032
8.1.3. End User breakdown size & forecasts, 2022-2032
8.2. Germany Packaging Robots Market
8.3. France Packaging Robots Market
8.4. Spain Packaging Robots Market
8.5. Italy Packaging Robots Market
8.6. Rest of Europe Packaging Robots Market
CHAPTER 9. COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE
9.1. Key Company SWOT Analysis
9.1.1. Company
9.1.2. Company
9.1.3. Company
9.2. Top Market Strategies
9.3. Company Profiles
9.3.1. ABB Limited
9.3.1.1. Key Information
9.3.1.2. Overview
9.3.1.3. Financial (Subject to Data Availability)
9.3.1.4. Product Summary
9.3.1.5. Market Strategies
9.3.2. Krones AG
9.3.3. Schneider Electric SE
9.3.4. Company
9.3.5. Company
9.3.6. Company
9.3.7. Company
9.3.8. Company
9.3.9. Company
9.3.10. Company
CHAPTER 10. RESEARCH PROCESS
10.1. Research Process
10.1.1. Data Mining
10.1.2. Analysis
10.1.3. Market Estimation
10.1.4. Validation
10.1.5. Publishing
10.2. Research Attributes
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1. Europe Packaging Robots Market, report scope
TABLE 2. Europe Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by Country 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 3. Europe Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by Gripper Type 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 4. Europe Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by Application 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 5. Europe Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by End User 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 6. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 7. Europe Packaging Robots Market by country, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 8. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 9. Europe Packaging Robots Market by country, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 10. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 11. Europe Packaging Robots Market by country, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 12. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 13. Europe Packaging Robots Market by country, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 14. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion) Europe Packaging Robots Market by country, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 15. UK Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 16. UK Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 17. UK Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 18. Germany Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 19. Germany Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 20. Germany Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 21. France Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 22. France Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 23. France Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 24. Italy Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 25. Italy Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 26. Italy Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 27. Spain Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 28. Spain Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 29. Spain Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 30. RoE Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 31. RoE Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 32. RoE Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 33. List of secondary sources, used in the study of Europe Packaging Robots Market.
TABLE 34. List of primary sources, used in the study of Europe Packaging Robots Market.
TABLE 35. Years considered for the study.
TABLE 36. Exchange rates considered.
TABLE 1. Europe Packaging Robots Market, report scope
TABLE 2. Europe Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by Country 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 3. Europe Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by Gripper Type 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 4. Europe Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by Application 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 5. Europe Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by End User 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 6. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 7. Europe Packaging Robots Market by country, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 8. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 9. Europe Packaging Robots Market by country, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 10. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 11. Europe Packaging Robots Market by country, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 12. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 13. Europe Packaging Robots Market by country, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 14. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion) Europe Packaging Robots Market by country, estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 15. UK Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 16. UK Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 17. UK Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 18. Germany Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 19. Germany Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 20. Germany Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 21. France Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 22. France Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 23. France Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 24. Italy Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 25. Italy Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 26. Italy Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 27. Spain Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 28. Spain Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 29. Spain Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 30. RoE Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 31. RoE Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 32. RoE Packaging Robots Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2022-2032 (USD Billion)
TABLE 33. List of secondary sources, used in the study of Europe Packaging Robots Market.
TABLE 34. List of primary sources, used in the study of Europe Packaging Robots Market.
TABLE 35. Years considered for the study.
TABLE 36. Exchange rates considered.
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG 1. Europe Packaging Robots Market, research methodology
FIG 2. Europe Packaging Robots Market, market estimation techniques
FIG 3. Europe market size estimates & forecast methods.
FIG 4. Europe Packaging Robots Market, key trends 2023
FIG 5. Europe Packaging Robots Market, growth prospects 2022-2032
FIG 6. Europe Packaging Robots Market, porters 5 force model
FIG 7. Europe Packaging Robots Market, pestel analysis
FIG 8. Europe Packaging Robots Market, value chain analysis
FIG 9. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, 2022 & 2032 (USD Billion)
FIG 10. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, 2022 & 2032 (USD Billion)
FIG 11. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, 2022 & 2032 (USD Billion)
FIG 12. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, 2022 & 2032 (USD Billion)
FIG 13. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, 2022 & 2032 (USD Billion)
FIG 14. Europe Packaging Robots Market, Country snapshot 2022 & 2032
FIG 15. Europe Packaging Robots Market 2022 & 2032 (USD Billion)
FIG 16. Europe Packaging Robots Market, company market share analysis (2023)
FIG 1. Europe Packaging Robots Market, research methodology
FIG 2. Europe Packaging Robots Market, market estimation techniques
FIG 3. Europe market size estimates & forecast methods.
FIG 4. Europe Packaging Robots Market, key trends 2023
FIG 5. Europe Packaging Robots Market, growth prospects 2022-2032
FIG 6. Europe Packaging Robots Market, porters 5 force model
FIG 7. Europe Packaging Robots Market, pestel analysis
FIG 8. Europe Packaging Robots Market, value chain analysis
FIG 9. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, 2022 & 2032 (USD Billion)
FIG 10. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, 2022 & 2032 (USD Billion)
FIG 11. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, 2022 & 2032 (USD Billion)
FIG 12. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, 2022 & 2032 (USD Billion)
FIG 13. Europe Packaging Robots Market by segment, 2022 & 2032 (USD Billion)
FIG 14. Europe Packaging Robots Market, Country snapshot 2022 & 2032
FIG 15. Europe Packaging Robots Market 2022 & 2032 (USD Billion)
FIG 16. Europe Packaging Robots Market, company market share analysis (2023)
