Europe Face Cream Market Report 2016

October 2016 | 125 pages | ID: E16D0F3D6FAEN
QYResearch

Abstracts

Notes:

Sales, means the sales volume of Face Cream

Revenue, means the sales value of Face Cream

This report studies sales (consumption) of Face Cream in Europe market, especially in Germany, UK, France, Russia, Italy, Benelux and Spain, focuses on top players in these countries, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each player in these Countries, covering

• Helena Rubinstein
• Lancome
• Biotherm
• LOreal Paris
• kiehls
• shu uemura
• Olay
• La Mer
• Estee Lauder
• Clinique
• Origins
• Guerlain
• Dior
• Sulwhasoo
• Innisfree
• HERA

Market Segment by Countries, this report splits Europe into several key Countries, with sales (consumption), revenue, market share and growth rate of Face Cream in these countries, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like

• Germany
• France
• UK
• Italy

Split by product type, with sales, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into

• Skin Whitening
• Moisturizing
• Repair

Split by application, this report focuses on sales, market share and growth rate of Face Cream in each application, can be divided into

• Male
• Female
• Application 3

Contents

Europe Face Cream Market Report 2016

1 FACE CREAM OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Face Cream
1.2 Classification of Face Cream
  1.2.1 Skin Whitening
  1.2.2 Moisturizing
  1.2.3 Repair
1.3 Application of Face Cream
  1.3.1 Male
  1.3.2 Female
  1.3.3 Application
1.4 Face Cream Market by Countries
  1.4.1 Germany Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.2 France Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.3 UK Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.4 Russia Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.5 Italy Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.6 Spain Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.7 Benelux Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.5 Europe Market Size (Value and Volume) of Face Cream (2011-2021)
  1.5.1 Europe Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
  1.5.2 Europe Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

2 EUROPE FACE CREAM BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION

2.1 Europe Face Cream Market Competition by Manufacturers
  2.1.1 Europe Face Cream Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
  2.1.2 Europe Face Cream Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Europe Face Cream (Volume and Value) by Type
  2.2.1 Europe Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
  2.2.2 Europe Face Cream Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
2.3 Europe Face Cream (Volume and Value) by Countries
  2.3.1 Europe Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
  2.3.2 Europe Face Cream Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
2.4 Europe Face Cream (Volume) by Application

3 GERMANY FACE CREAM (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

3.1 Germany Face Cream Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  3.1.1 Germany Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  3.1.2 Germany Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  3.1.3 Germany Face Cream Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
3.2 Germany Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
3.3 Germany Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Type
3.4 Germany Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Application

4 FRANCE FACE CREAM (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

4.1 France Face Cream Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  4.1.1 France Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  4.1.2 France Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  4.1.4 France Face Cream Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
4.2 France Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
4.3 France Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Type
4.4 France Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Application

5 UK FACE CREAM (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

5.1 UK Face Cream Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  5.1.1 UK Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  5.1.2 UK Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  5.1.5 UK Face Cream Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
5.2 UK Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
5.3 UK Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Type
5.4 UK Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Application

6 RUSSIA FACE CREAM (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

6.1 Russia Face Cream Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  6.1.1 Russia Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  6.1.2 Russia Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  6.1.6 Russia Face Cream Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
6.2 Russia Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Russia Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Russia Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Application

7 ITALY FACE CREAM (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

7.1 Italy Face Cream Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  7.1.1 Italy Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  7.1.2 Italy Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  7.1.7 Italy Face Cream Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
7.2 Italy Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 Italy Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 Italy Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Application

8 SPAIN FACE CREAM (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

8.1 Spain Face Cream Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  8.1.1 Spain Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  8.1.2 Spain Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  8.1.8 Spain Face Cream Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
8.2 Spain Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 Spain Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 Spain Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Application

9 BENELUX FACE CREAM (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

9.1 Benelux Face Cream Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  9.1.1 Benelux Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  9.1.2 Benelux Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  9.1.9 Benelux Face Cream Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
9.2 Benelux Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Benelux Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Benelux Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Application

10 EUROPE FACE CREAM MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS

10.1 Helena Rubinstein
  10.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.1.2 Face Cream Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.1.2.1 Type I
    10.1.2.2 Type II
  10.1.3 Helena Rubinstein Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.2 Lancome
  10.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.2.2 Face Cream Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.2.2.1 Type I
    10.2.2.2 Type II
  10.2.3 Lancome Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.3 Biotherm
  10.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.3.2 Face Cream Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.3.2.1 Type I
    10.3.2.2 Type II
  10.3.3 Biotherm Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.4 LOreal Paris
  10.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.4.2 Face Cream Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.4.2.1 Type I
    10.4.2.2 Type II
  10.4.3 LOreal Paris Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.5 kiehls
  10.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.5.2 Face Cream Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.5.2.1 Type I
    10.5.2.2 Type II
  10.5.3 kiehls Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.6 shu uemura
  10.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.6.2 Face Cream Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.6.2.1 Type I
    10.6.2.2 Type II
  10.6.3 shu uemura Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.7 Olay
  10.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.7.2 Face Cream Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.7.2.1 Type I
    10.7.2.2 Type II
  10.7.3 Olay Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.8 La Mer
  10.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.8.2 Face Cream Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.8.2.1 Type I
    10.8.2.2 Type II
  10.8.3 La Mer Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.9 Estee Lauder
  10.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.9.2 Face Cream Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.9.2.1 Type I
    10.9.2.2 Type II
  10.9.3 Estee Lauder Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.10 Clinique
  10.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.10.2 Face Cream Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.10.2.1 Type I
    10.10.2.2 Type II
  10.10.3 Clinique Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.11 Origins
10.12 Guerlain
10.13 Dior
10.14 Sulwhasoo
10.15 Innisfree
10.16 HERA

11 FACE CREAM MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

11.1 Face Cream Key Raw Materials Analysis
  11.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  11.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  11.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  11.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
11.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  11.2.1 Raw Materials
  11.2.2 Labor Cost
  11.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
11.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Face Cream

12 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

12.1 Face Cream Industrial Chain Analysis
12.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
12.3 Raw Materials Sources of Face Cream Major Manufacturers in 2015
12.4 Downstream Buyers

13 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

13.1 Marketing Channel
  13.1.1 Direct Marketing
  13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
13.2 Market Positioning
  13.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  13.2.2 Brand Strategy
  13.2.3 Target Client
13.3 Distributors/Traders List

14 EUROPE FACE CREAM MARKET FORECAST (2016-2021)

14.1 Germany Face Cream Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.2 France Face Cream Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.3 UK Face Cream Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.4 Russia Face Cream Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.5 Italy Face Cream Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.6 Spain Face Cream Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.7 Benelux Face Cream Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.8 Europe Face Cream Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
14.9 Europe Face Cream Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)

15 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

16 APPENDIX

Author List
Disclosure Section
Research Methodology
Data Source
Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Face Cream
Table Classification of Face Cream
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Face Cream by Type in 2015
Figure Skin Whitening Picture
Figure Moisturizing Picture
Figure Repair Picture
Table Application of Face Cream
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Face Cream by Application in 2015
Figure Male Examples
Figure Female Examples
Figure Germany Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure France Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure UK Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Russia Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Italy Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Spain Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Benelux Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Europe Face Cream Sales of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Face Cream Sales Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Face Cream Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Face Cream Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Face Cream Revenue by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Face Cream Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Europe Face Cream Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Europe Face Cream Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Face Cream Sales Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Face Cream by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Face Cream Sales Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Face Cream Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Face Cream Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Face Cream by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Face Cream Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Face Cream Sales Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Face Cream by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Face Cream Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Face Cream Revenue Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Face Cream by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Face Cream Sales and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Table Europe Face Cream Sales Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Face Cream by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Face Cream Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Germany Face Cream Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Face Cream Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Face Cream Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Face Cream Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Face Cream Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Face Cream Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure France Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure France Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure France Face Cream Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table France Face Cream Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Face Cream Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Face Cream Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Face Cream Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Face Cream Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table France Face Cream Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure UK Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure UK Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure UK Face Cream Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table UK Face Cream Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Face Cream Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Face Cream Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Face Cream Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Face Cream Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Face Cream Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Russia Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Russia Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Russia Face Cream Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Russia Face Cream Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Face Cream Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Face Cream Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Face Cream Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Face Cream Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Face Cream Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Italy Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Italy Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Italy Face Cream Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Italy Face Cream Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Face Cream Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Face Cream Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Face Cream Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Face Cream Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Face Cream Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Spain Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Spain Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Spain Face Cream Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Spain Face Cream Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Face Cream Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Face Cream Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Face Cream Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Face Cream Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Face Cream Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Benelux Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Benelux Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Benelux Face Cream Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Benelux Face Cream Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Face Cream Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Face Cream Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Face Cream Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Face Cream Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Face Cream Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Face Cream Basic Information List
Table Helena Rubinstein Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Helena Rubinstein Face Cream Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Lancome Basic Information List
Table Lancome Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Lancome Face Cream Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Biotherm Basic Information List
Table Biotherm Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Biotherm Face Cream Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table LOreal Paris Basic Information List
Table LOreal Paris Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table LOreal Paris Face Cream Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table kiehls Basic Information List
Table kiehls Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table kiehls Face Cream Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table shu uemura Basic Information List
Table shu uemura Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table shu uemura Face Cream Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Olay Basic Information List
Table Olay Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Olay Face Cream Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table La Mer Basic Information List
Table La Mer Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table La Mer Face Cream Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Estee Lauder Basic Information List
Table Estee Lauder Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Estee Lauder Face Cream Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Clinique Basic Information List
Table Clinique Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Clinique Face Cream Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Origins Basic Information List
Table Origins Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Origins Face Cream Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Guerlain Basic Information List
Table Guerlain Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Guerlain Face Cream Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Dior Basic Information List
Table Dior Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Dior Face Cream Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Sulwhasoo Basic Information List
Table Sulwhasoo Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Sulwhasoo Face Cream Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Innisfree Basic Information List
Table Innisfree Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Innisfree Face Cream Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table HERA Basic Information List
Table HERA Face Cream Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table HERA Face Cream Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Face Cream
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Face Cream
Figure Face Cream Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Face Cream Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Face Cream
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Germany Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Germany Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure France Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure France Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure UK Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure UK Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Benelux Face Cream Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Benelux Face Cream Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Table Europe Face Cream Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
Table Europe Face Cream Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)