Escalator Cleaners Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

July 2024 | 72 pages | ID: E8593250FE35EN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

This report contains market size and forecasts of Escalator Cleaners in global, including the following market information:

Global Escalator Cleaners Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Escalator Cleaners Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (K Units)

Global top five Escalator Cleaners companies in 2021 (%)

The global Escalator Cleaners market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Automatic Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Escalator Cleaners include K?rcher, EUREKA, Mach Sweepers, Duplex, Agar Cleaning Systems, Cimex and Tornado Industries, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Escalator Cleaners manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Escalator Cleaners Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Escalator Cleaners Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Automatic
• Manual

Global Escalator Cleaners Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Escalator Cleaners Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Commercial
• Industrial

Global Escalator Cleaners Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Escalator Cleaners Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Escalator Cleaners revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Escalator Cleaners revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Escalator Cleaners sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (K Units)

Key companies Escalator Cleaners sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• K?rcher
• EUREKA
• Mach Sweepers
• Duplex
• Agar Cleaning Systems
• Cimex
• Tornado Industries

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Escalator Cleaners Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Escalator Cleaners Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL ESCALATOR CLEANERS OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Escalator Cleaners Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Escalator Cleaners Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Escalator Cleaners Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Escalator Cleaners Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Escalator Cleaners Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Escalator Cleaners Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Escalator Cleaners Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Escalator Cleaners Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Escalator Cleaners Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Escalator Cleaners Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Escalator Cleaners Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Escalator Cleaners Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Automatic
  4.1.3 Manual
4.2 By Type - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Escalator Cleaners Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Commercial
  5.1.3 Industrial
5.2 By Application - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Escalator Cleaners Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Escalator Cleaners Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Escalator Cleaners Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Escalator Cleaners Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Escalator Cleaners Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Escalator Cleaners Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Escalator Cleaners Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Escalator Cleaners Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Escalator Cleaners Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Escalator Cleaners Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Escalator Cleaners Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Escalator Cleaners Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 K?rcher
  7.1.1 K?rcher Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 K?rcher Business Overview
  7.1.3 K?rcher Escalator Cleaners Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 K?rcher Escalator Cleaners Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 K?rcher Key News
7.2 EUREKA
  7.2.1 EUREKA Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 EUREKA Business Overview
  7.2.3 EUREKA Escalator Cleaners Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 EUREKA Escalator Cleaners Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 EUREKA Key News
7.3 Mach Sweepers
  7.3.1 Mach Sweepers Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Mach Sweepers Business Overview
  7.3.3 Mach Sweepers Escalator Cleaners Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Mach Sweepers Escalator Cleaners Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 Mach Sweepers Key News
7.4 Duplex
  7.4.1 Duplex Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Duplex Business Overview
  7.4.3 Duplex Escalator Cleaners Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Duplex Escalator Cleaners Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 Duplex Key News
7.5 Agar Cleaning Systems
  7.5.1 Agar Cleaning Systems Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Agar Cleaning Systems Business Overview
  7.5.3 Agar Cleaning Systems Escalator Cleaners Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Agar Cleaning Systems Escalator Cleaners Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 Agar Cleaning Systems Key News
7.6 Cimex
  7.6.1 Cimex Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 Cimex Business Overview
  7.6.3 Cimex Escalator Cleaners Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 Cimex Escalator Cleaners Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 Cimex Key News
7.7 Tornado Industries
  7.7.1 Tornado Industries Corporate Summary
  7.7.2 Tornado Industries Business Overview
  7.7.3 Tornado Industries Escalator Cleaners Major Product Offerings
  7.7.4 Tornado Industries Escalator Cleaners Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.7.5 Tornado Industries Key News

8 GLOBAL ESCALATOR CLEANERS PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Escalator Cleaners Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Escalator Cleaners Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Escalator Cleaners Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 ESCALATOR CLEANERS SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Escalator Cleaners Industry Value Chain
10.2 Escalator Cleaners Upstream Market
10.3 Escalator Cleaners Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Escalator Cleaners Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION


12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Escalator Cleaners in Global Market
Table 2. Top Escalator Cleaners Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Escalator Cleaners Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Escalator Cleaners Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Escalator Cleaners Price (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Escalator Cleaners Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Escalator Cleaners Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Escalator Cleaners Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Escalator Cleaners Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Escalator Cleaners Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Escalator Cleaners Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Escalator Cleaners Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Escalator Cleaners Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Escalator Cleaners Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Escalator Cleaners Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Escalator Cleaners Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Escalator Cleaners Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Escalator Cleaners Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. K?rcher Corporate Summary
Table 47. K?rcher Escalator Cleaners Product Offerings
Table 48. K?rcher Escalator Cleaners Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. EUREKA Corporate Summary
Table 50. EUREKA Escalator Cleaners Product Offerings
Table 51. EUREKA Escalator Cleaners Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Mach Sweepers Corporate Summary
Table 53. Mach Sweepers Escalator Cleaners Product Offerings
Table 54. Mach Sweepers Escalator Cleaners Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Duplex Corporate Summary
Table 56. Duplex Escalator Cleaners Product Offerings
Table 57. Duplex Escalator Cleaners Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Agar Cleaning Systems Corporate Summary
Table 59. Agar Cleaning Systems Escalator Cleaners Product Offerings
Table 60. Agar Cleaning Systems Escalator Cleaners Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Cimex Corporate Summary
Table 62. Cimex Escalator Cleaners Product Offerings
Table 63. Cimex Escalator Cleaners Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Tornado Industries Corporate Summary
Table 65. Tornado Industries Escalator Cleaners Product Offerings
Table 66. Tornado Industries Escalator Cleaners Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Escalator Cleaners Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 68. Global Escalator Cleaners Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 69. Global Escalator Cleaners Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 70. Global Escalator Cleaners Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 71. Escalator Cleaners Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 72. Escalator Cleaners Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 73. Escalator Cleaners Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 74. Escalator Cleaners Raw Materials
Table 75. Escalator Cleaners Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 76. Typical Escalator Cleaners Downstream
Table 77. Escalator Cleaners Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 78. Escalator Cleaners Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Escalator Cleaners Segment by Type
Figure 2. Escalator Cleaners Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Escalator Cleaners Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Escalator Cleaners Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Escalator Cleaners Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Escalator Cleaners Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Escalator Cleaners Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Escalator Cleaners Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Escalator Cleaners Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Escalator Cleaners Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Escalator Cleaners Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Escalator Cleaners Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Escalator Cleaners Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Escalator Cleaners Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Escalator Cleaners Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Escalator Cleaners Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Escalator Cleaners Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Escalator Cleaners Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Escalator Cleaners Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Escalator Cleaners Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Escalator Cleaners Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Escalator Cleaners Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Escalator Cleaners by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Escalator Cleaners Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels