Digital Kiosk Display Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

March 2022 | 71 pages | ID: DBF32AAD21B2EN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

The digital kiosk display acts as an eye-catching medium to display advertisement and interact with humans for online surfing, shopping, payment of a bill, and other applications.

This report contains market size and forecasts of Digital Kiosk Display in global, including the following market information:

Global Digital Kiosk Display Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Digital Kiosk Display Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (K Units)

Global top five Digital Kiosk Display companies in 2021 (%)

The global Digital Kiosk Display market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Interactive Video Walls Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Digital Kiosk Display include Olea Kiosks, Meridian kiosks, Xiphias Software Technologies, KIOSK Information Systems and Livewire Digital, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Digital Kiosk Display manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Digital Kiosk Display Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Digital Kiosk Display Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Interactive Video Walls
• Interactive Kiosks
• Interactive Whiteboard
• Others

Global Digital Kiosk Display Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Digital Kiosk Display Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• BFSI
• Hospital
• Education
• Others

Global Digital Kiosk Display Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Digital Kiosk Display Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Digital Kiosk Display revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Digital Kiosk Display revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Digital Kiosk Display sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (K Units)

Key companies Digital Kiosk Display sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• Olea Kiosks
• Meridian kiosks
• Xiphias Software Technologies
• KIOSK Information Systems
• Livewire Digital

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Digital Kiosk Display Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Digital Kiosk Display Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL DIGITAL KIOSK DISPLAY OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Digital Kiosk Display Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Digital Kiosk Display Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Digital Kiosk Display Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Digital Kiosk Display Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Digital Kiosk Display Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Digital Kiosk Display Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Digital Kiosk Display Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Digital Kiosk Display Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Digital Kiosk Display Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Digital Kiosk Display Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Interactive Video Walls
  4.1.3 Interactive Kiosks
  4.1.4 Interactive Whiteboard
  4.1.5 Others
4.2 By Type - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Digital Kiosk Display Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 BFSI
  5.1.3 Hospital
  5.1.4 Education
  5.1.5 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Digital Kiosk Display Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Digital Kiosk Display Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Digital Kiosk Display Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Digital Kiosk Display Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Digital Kiosk Display Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Digital Kiosk Display Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Digital Kiosk Display Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 Olea Kiosks
  7.1.1 Olea Kiosks Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 Olea Kiosks Business Overview
  7.1.3 Olea Kiosks Digital Kiosk Display Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 Olea Kiosks Digital Kiosk Display Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 Olea Kiosks Key News
7.2 Meridian kiosks
  7.2.1 Meridian kiosks Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 Meridian kiosks Business Overview
  7.2.3 Meridian kiosks Digital Kiosk Display Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 Meridian kiosks Digital Kiosk Display Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 Meridian kiosks Key News
7.3 Xiphias Software Technologies
  7.3.1 Xiphias Software Technologies Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Xiphias Software Technologies Business Overview
  7.3.3 Xiphias Software Technologies Digital Kiosk Display Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Xiphias Software Technologies Digital Kiosk Display Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 Xiphias Software Technologies Key News
7.4 KIOSK Information Systems
  7.4.1 KIOSK Information Systems Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 KIOSK Information Systems Business Overview
  7.4.3 KIOSK Information Systems Digital Kiosk Display Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 KIOSK Information Systems Digital Kiosk Display Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 KIOSK Information Systems Key News
7.5 Livewire Digital
  7.5.1 Livewire Digital Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Livewire Digital Business Overview
  7.5.3 Livewire Digital Digital Kiosk Display Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Livewire Digital Digital Kiosk Display Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 Livewire Digital Key News

8 GLOBAL DIGITAL KIOSK DISPLAY PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Digital Kiosk Display Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Digital Kiosk Display Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Digital Kiosk Display Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 DIGITAL KIOSK DISPLAY SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Digital Kiosk Display Industry Value Chain
10.2 Digital Kiosk Display Upstream Market
10.3 Digital Kiosk Display Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Digital Kiosk Display Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Digital Kiosk Display in Global Market
Table 2. Top Digital Kiosk Display Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Digital Kiosk Display Price (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Digital Kiosk Display Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Digital Kiosk Display Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Digital Kiosk Display Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Digital Kiosk Display Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Digital Kiosk Display Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Digital Kiosk Display Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Digital Kiosk Display Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Digital Kiosk Display Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Digital Kiosk Display Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Digital Kiosk Display Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Digital Kiosk Display Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Digital Kiosk Display Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Digital Kiosk Display Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. Olea Kiosks Corporate Summary
Table 47. Olea Kiosks Digital Kiosk Display Product Offerings
Table 48. Olea Kiosks Digital Kiosk Display Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Meridian kiosks Corporate Summary
Table 50. Meridian kiosks Digital Kiosk Display Product Offerings
Table 51. Meridian kiosks Digital Kiosk Display Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Xiphias Software Technologies Corporate Summary
Table 53. Xiphias Software Technologies Digital Kiosk Display Product Offerings
Table 54. Xiphias Software Technologies Digital Kiosk Display Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. KIOSK Information Systems Corporate Summary
Table 56. KIOSK Information Systems Digital Kiosk Display Product Offerings
Table 57. KIOSK Information Systems Digital Kiosk Display Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Livewire Digital Corporate Summary
Table 59. Livewire Digital Digital Kiosk Display Product Offerings
Table 60. Livewire Digital Digital Kiosk Display Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Digital Kiosk Display Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 62. Global Digital Kiosk Display Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 63. Global Digital Kiosk Display Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 64. Global Digital Kiosk Display Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 65. Digital Kiosk Display Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 66. Digital Kiosk Display Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 67. Digital Kiosk Display Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 68. Digital Kiosk Display Raw Materials
Table 69. Digital Kiosk Display Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 70. Typical Digital Kiosk Display Downstream
Table 71. Digital Kiosk Display Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 72. Digital Kiosk Display Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Digital Kiosk Display Segment by Type
Figure 2. Digital Kiosk Display Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Digital Kiosk Display Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Digital Kiosk Display Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Digital Kiosk Display Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Digital Kiosk Display Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Digital Kiosk Display Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Digital Kiosk Display Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Digital Kiosk Display Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Digital Kiosk Display Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Digital Kiosk Display Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Digital Kiosk Display Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Digital Kiosk Display Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Digital Kiosk Display Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Digital Kiosk Display Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Digital Kiosk Display Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Digital Kiosk Display Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Digital Kiosk Display Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Digital Kiosk Display Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Digital Kiosk Display Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Digital Kiosk Display Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Digital Kiosk Display Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Digital Kiosk Display by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Digital Kiosk Display Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels