COVID-19 Outbreak-Global Custard Powder Industry Market Report-Development Trends, Threats, Opportunities and Competitive Landscape in 2020
Custard Powder is a variety of culinary preparations based on a cooked mixture of milk or cream and egg yolk. Depending on how much egg or thickener is used, custard may vary in consistency from a thin pouring sauce to a thick pastry cream.
The Custard Powder market revenue was xx.xx Million USD in 2019, and will reach xx.xx Million USD in 2025, with a CAGR of x.x% during 2020-2025.
Under COVID-19 outbreak globally, this report provides 360 degrees of analysis from supply chain, import and export control to regional government policy and future influence on the industry. Detailed analysis about market status (2015-2020), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2020-2025), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also been included. From raw materials to end users of this industry are analyzed scientifically, the trends of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. Considering COVID-19, this report provides comprehensive and in-depth analysis on how the epidemic push this industry transformation and reform.
In COVID-19 outbreak, Chapter 2.2 of this report provides an analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the global economy and the Custard Powder industry.
Chapter 3.7 covers the analysis of the impact of COVID-19 from the perspective of the industry chain.
In addition, chapters 7-11 consider the impact of COVID-19 on the regional economy.
The Custard Powder market can be split based on product types, major applications, and important countries as follows:
Key players in the global Custard Powder market covered in Chapter 12:
Weikfield
Well and Good Pty Ltd.
ITN Food Corporation
GD Foods
Pillsbury Company
General Mills Inc.
Goodman Fielder
Unilever Food Solutions
Premier Foods
Kraft Foods
In Chapter 4 and 14.1, on the basis of types, the Custard Powder market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
Organic
Conventional
In Chapter 5 and 14.2, on the basis of applications, the Custard Powder market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Home
Restaurant
Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2025) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14:
North America (Covered in Chapter 7 and 14)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 8 and 14)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 9 and 14)
China
Japan
South Korea
Australia
India
Southeast Asia
Others
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 10 and 14)
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Egypt
Nigeria
South Africa
Others
South America (Covered in Chapter 11 and 14)
Brazil
Argentina
Columbia
Chile
Others
Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025
The Custard Powder market revenue was xx.xx Million USD in 2019, and will reach xx.xx Million USD in 2025, with a CAGR of x.x% during 2020-2025.
Under COVID-19 outbreak globally, this report provides 360 degrees of analysis from supply chain, import and export control to regional government policy and future influence on the industry. Detailed analysis about market status (2015-2020), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2020-2025), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also been included. From raw materials to end users of this industry are analyzed scientifically, the trends of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. Considering COVID-19, this report provides comprehensive and in-depth analysis on how the epidemic push this industry transformation and reform.
In COVID-19 outbreak, Chapter 2.2 of this report provides an analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the global economy and the Custard Powder industry.
Chapter 3.7 covers the analysis of the impact of COVID-19 from the perspective of the industry chain.
In addition, chapters 7-11 consider the impact of COVID-19 on the regional economy.
The Custard Powder market can be split based on product types, major applications, and important countries as follows:
Key players in the global Custard Powder market covered in Chapter 12:
Weikfield
Well and Good Pty Ltd.
ITN Food Corporation
GD Foods
Pillsbury Company
General Mills Inc.
Goodman Fielder
Unilever Food Solutions
Premier Foods
Kraft Foods
In Chapter 4 and 14.1, on the basis of types, the Custard Powder market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
Organic
Conventional
In Chapter 5 and 14.2, on the basis of applications, the Custard Powder market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Home
Restaurant
Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2025) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14:
North America (Covered in Chapter 7 and 14)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 8 and 14)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 9 and 14)
China
Japan
South Korea
Australia
India
Southeast Asia
Others
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 10 and 14)
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Egypt
Nigeria
South Africa
Others
South America (Covered in Chapter 11 and 14)
Brazil
Argentina
Columbia
Chile
Others
Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025
1 CUSTARD POWDER INTRODUCTION AND MARKET OVERVIEW
1.1 Objectives of the Study
1.2 Overview of Custard Powder
1.3 Scope of The Study
1.3.1 Key Market Segments
1.3.2 Players Covered
1.3.3 COVID-19's impact on the Custard Powder industry
1.4 Methodology of The Study
1.5 Research Data Source
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.1 Market Overview
2.1.1 Global Custard Powder Market Size, 2015 – 2020
2.1.2 Global Custard Powder Market Size by Type, 2015 – 2020
2.1.3 Global Custard Powder Market Size by Application, 2015 – 2020
2.1.4 Global Custard Powder Market Size by Region, 2015 - 2025
2.2 Business Environment Analysis
2.2.1 Global COVID-19 Status and Economic Overview
2.2.2 Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Custard Powder Industry Development
3 INDUSTRY CHAIN ANALYSIS
3.1 Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Custard Powder Analysis
3.2 Major Players of Custard Powder
3.3 Custard Powder Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
3.3.1 Production Process Analysis
3.3.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Custard Powder
3.3.3 Labor Cost of Custard Powder
3.4 Market Distributors of Custard Powder
3.5 Major Downstream Buyers of Custard Powder Analysis
3.6 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain
3.7 Regional Import and Export Controls Will Exist for a Long Time
3.8 Continued downward PMI Spreads Globally
4 GLOBAL CUSTARD POWDER MARKET, BY TYPE
4.1 Global Custard Powder Value and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
4.2 Global Custard Powder Production and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
4.3 Global Custard Powder Value and Growth Rate by Type (2015-2020)
4.3.1 Global Custard Powder Value and Growth Rate of Organic
4.3.2 Global Custard Powder Value and Growth Rate of Conventional
4.4 Global Custard Powder Price Analysis by Type (2015-2020)
5 CUSTARD POWDER MARKET, BY APPLICATION
5.1 Downstream Market Overview
5.2 Global Custard Powder Consumption and Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
5.3 Global Custard Powder Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2015-2020)
5.3.1 Global Custard Powder Consumption and Growth Rate of Home (2015-2020)
5.3.2 Global Custard Powder Consumption and Growth Rate of Restaurant (2015-2020)
6 GLOBAL CUSTARD POWDER MARKET ANALYSIS BY REGIONS
6.1 Global Custard Powder Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions
6.1.1 Global Custard Powder Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
6.1.2 Global Custard Powder Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
6.2 North America Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.3 Europe Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.4 Asia-Pacific Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.5 Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.6 South America Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7 NORTH AMERICA CUSTARD POWDER MARKET ANALYSIS BY COUNTRIES
7.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market
7.2 North America Custard Powder Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
7.2.1 North America Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
7.2.2 North America Custard Powder Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
7.3 United States Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.4 Canada Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.5 Mexico Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8 EUROPE CUSTARD POWDER MARKET ANALYSIS BY COUNTRIES
8.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market
8.2 Europe Custard Powder Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
8.2.1 Europe Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
8.2.2 Europe Custard Powder Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
8.3 Germany Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.4 UK Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.5 France Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.6 Italy Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.7 Spain Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.8 Russia Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9 ASIA PACIFIC CUSTARD POWDER MARKET ANALYSIS BY COUNTRIES
9.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market
9.2 Asia Pacific Custard Powder Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
9.2.1 Asia Pacific Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
9.2.2 Asia Pacific Custard Powder Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
9.3 China Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.4 Japan Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.5 South Korea Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.6 India Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.7 Southeast Asia Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.8 Australia Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA CUSTARD POWDER MARKET ANALYSIS BY COUNTRIES
10.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
10.2 Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
10.2.1 Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
10.2.2 Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
10.3 Saudi Arabia Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.4 UAE Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.5 Egypt Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.6 Nigeria Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.7 South Africa Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11 SOUTH AMERICA CUSTARD POWDER MARKET ANALYSIS BY COUNTRIES
11.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
11.2 South America Custard Powder Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
11.2.1 South America Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
11.2.2 South America Custard Powder Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
11.3 Brazil Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.4 Argentina Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.5 Columbia Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.6 Chile Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
12.1 Weikfield
12.1.1 Weikfield Basic Information
12.1.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.1.3 Weikfield Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.2 Well and Good Pty Ltd.
12.2.1 Well and Good Pty Ltd. Basic Information
12.2.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.2.3 Well and Good Pty Ltd. Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.3 ITN Food Corporation
12.3.1 ITN Food Corporation Basic Information
12.3.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.3.3 ITN Food Corporation Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.4 GD Foods
12.4.1 GD Foods Basic Information
12.4.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.4.3 GD Foods Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.5 Pillsbury Company
12.5.1 Pillsbury Company Basic Information
12.5.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.5.3 Pillsbury Company Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.6 General Mills Inc.
12.6.1 General Mills Inc. Basic Information
12.6.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.6.3 General Mills Inc. Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.7 Goodman Fielder
12.7.1 Goodman Fielder Basic Information
12.7.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.7.3 Goodman Fielder Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.8 Unilever Food Solutions
12.8.1 Unilever Food Solutions Basic Information
12.8.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.8.3 Unilever Food Solutions Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.9 Premier Foods
12.9.1 Premier Foods Basic Information
12.9.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.9.3 Premier Foods Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.10 Kraft Foods
12.10.1 Kraft Foods Basic Information
12.10.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.10.3 Kraft Foods Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
13 INDUSTRY OUTLOOK
13.1 Market Driver Analysis
13.1.2 Market Restraints Analysis
13.1.3 Market Trends Analysis
13.2 Merger, Acquisition and New Investment
13.3 News of Product Release
14 GLOBAL CUSTARD POWDER MARKET FORECAST
14.1 Global Custard Powder Market Value & Volume Forecast, by Type (2020-2025)
14.1.1 Organic Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025)
14.1.2 Conventional Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025)
14.2 Global Custard Powder Market Value & Volume Forecast, by Application (2020-2025)
14.2.1 Home Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025)
14.2.2 Restaurant Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025)
14.3 Custard Powder Market Analysis and Forecast by Region
14.3.1 North America Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025)
14.3.2 Europe Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025)
14.3.3 Asia Pacific Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025)
14.3.4 Middle East and Africa Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025)
14.3.5 South America Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025)
15 NEW PROJECT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
15.1 Industry Barriers and New Entrants SWOT Analysis
15.1.1 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
15.1.2 New Entrants SWOT Analysis
15.2 Analysis and Suggestions on New Project Investment
1.1 Objectives of the Study
1.2 Overview of Custard Powder
1.3 Scope of The Study
1.3.1 Key Market Segments
1.3.2 Players Covered
1.3.3 COVID-19's impact on the Custard Powder industry
1.4 Methodology of The Study
1.5 Research Data Source
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.1 Market Overview
2.1.1 Global Custard Powder Market Size, 2015 – 2020
2.1.2 Global Custard Powder Market Size by Type, 2015 – 2020
2.1.3 Global Custard Powder Market Size by Application, 2015 – 2020
2.1.4 Global Custard Powder Market Size by Region, 2015 - 2025
2.2 Business Environment Analysis
2.2.1 Global COVID-19 Status and Economic Overview
2.2.2 Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Custard Powder Industry Development
3 INDUSTRY CHAIN ANALYSIS
3.1 Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Custard Powder Analysis
3.2 Major Players of Custard Powder
3.3 Custard Powder Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
3.3.1 Production Process Analysis
3.3.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Custard Powder
3.3.3 Labor Cost of Custard Powder
3.4 Market Distributors of Custard Powder
3.5 Major Downstream Buyers of Custard Powder Analysis
3.6 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain
3.7 Regional Import and Export Controls Will Exist for a Long Time
3.8 Continued downward PMI Spreads Globally
4 GLOBAL CUSTARD POWDER MARKET, BY TYPE
4.1 Global Custard Powder Value and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
4.2 Global Custard Powder Production and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
4.3 Global Custard Powder Value and Growth Rate by Type (2015-2020)
4.3.1 Global Custard Powder Value and Growth Rate of Organic
4.3.2 Global Custard Powder Value and Growth Rate of Conventional
4.4 Global Custard Powder Price Analysis by Type (2015-2020)
5 CUSTARD POWDER MARKET, BY APPLICATION
5.1 Downstream Market Overview
5.2 Global Custard Powder Consumption and Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
5.3 Global Custard Powder Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2015-2020)
5.3.1 Global Custard Powder Consumption and Growth Rate of Home (2015-2020)
5.3.2 Global Custard Powder Consumption and Growth Rate of Restaurant (2015-2020)
6 GLOBAL CUSTARD POWDER MARKET ANALYSIS BY REGIONS
6.1 Global Custard Powder Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions
6.1.1 Global Custard Powder Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
6.1.2 Global Custard Powder Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
6.2 North America Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.3 Europe Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.4 Asia-Pacific Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.5 Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.6 South America Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7 NORTH AMERICA CUSTARD POWDER MARKET ANALYSIS BY COUNTRIES
7.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market
7.2 North America Custard Powder Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
7.2.1 North America Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
7.2.2 North America Custard Powder Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
7.3 United States Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.4 Canada Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.5 Mexico Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8 EUROPE CUSTARD POWDER MARKET ANALYSIS BY COUNTRIES
8.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market
8.2 Europe Custard Powder Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
8.2.1 Europe Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
8.2.2 Europe Custard Powder Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
8.3 Germany Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.4 UK Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.5 France Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.6 Italy Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.7 Spain Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.8 Russia Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9 ASIA PACIFIC CUSTARD POWDER MARKET ANALYSIS BY COUNTRIES
9.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market
9.2 Asia Pacific Custard Powder Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
9.2.1 Asia Pacific Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
9.2.2 Asia Pacific Custard Powder Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
9.3 China Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.4 Japan Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.5 South Korea Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.6 India Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.7 Southeast Asia Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.8 Australia Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA CUSTARD POWDER MARKET ANALYSIS BY COUNTRIES
10.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
10.2 Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
10.2.1 Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
10.2.2 Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
10.3 Saudi Arabia Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.4 UAE Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.5 Egypt Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.6 Nigeria Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.7 South Africa Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11 SOUTH AMERICA CUSTARD POWDER MARKET ANALYSIS BY COUNTRIES
11.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
11.2 South America Custard Powder Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
11.2.1 South America Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
11.2.2 South America Custard Powder Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
11.3 Brazil Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.4 Argentina Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.5 Columbia Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.6 Chile Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
12.1 Weikfield
12.1.1 Weikfield Basic Information
12.1.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.1.3 Weikfield Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.2 Well and Good Pty Ltd.
12.2.1 Well and Good Pty Ltd. Basic Information
12.2.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.2.3 Well and Good Pty Ltd. Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.3 ITN Food Corporation
12.3.1 ITN Food Corporation Basic Information
12.3.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.3.3 ITN Food Corporation Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.4 GD Foods
12.4.1 GD Foods Basic Information
12.4.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.4.3 GD Foods Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.5 Pillsbury Company
12.5.1 Pillsbury Company Basic Information
12.5.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.5.3 Pillsbury Company Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.6 General Mills Inc.
12.6.1 General Mills Inc. Basic Information
12.6.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.6.3 General Mills Inc. Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.7 Goodman Fielder
12.7.1 Goodman Fielder Basic Information
12.7.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.7.3 Goodman Fielder Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.8 Unilever Food Solutions
12.8.1 Unilever Food Solutions Basic Information
12.8.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.8.3 Unilever Food Solutions Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.9 Premier Foods
12.9.1 Premier Foods Basic Information
12.9.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.9.3 Premier Foods Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
12.10 Kraft Foods
12.10.1 Kraft Foods Basic Information
12.10.2 Custard Powder Product Introduction
12.10.3 Kraft Foods Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
13 INDUSTRY OUTLOOK
13.1 Market Driver Analysis
13.1.2 Market Restraints Analysis
13.1.3 Market Trends Analysis
13.2 Merger, Acquisition and New Investment
13.3 News of Product Release
14 GLOBAL CUSTARD POWDER MARKET FORECAST
14.1 Global Custard Powder Market Value & Volume Forecast, by Type (2020-2025)
14.1.1 Organic Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025)
14.1.2 Conventional Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025)
14.2 Global Custard Powder Market Value & Volume Forecast, by Application (2020-2025)
14.2.1 Home Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025)
14.2.2 Restaurant Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025)
14.3 Custard Powder Market Analysis and Forecast by Region
14.3.1 North America Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025)
14.3.2 Europe Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025)
14.3.3 Asia Pacific Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025)
14.3.4 Middle East and Africa Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025)
14.3.5 South America Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025)
15 NEW PROJECT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
15.1 Industry Barriers and New Entrants SWOT Analysis
15.1.1 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
15.1.2 New Entrants SWOT Analysis
15.2 Analysis and Suggestions on New Project Investment
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Figure Product Picture of Custard Powder
Table Product Specification of Custard Powder
Table Custard Powder Key Market Segments
Table Key Players Custard Powder Covered
Figure Global Custard Powder Market Size, 2015 – 2025
Table Different Types of Custard Powder
Figure Global Custard Powder Value ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020
Figure Global Custard Powder Market Share by Types in 2019
Table Different Applications of Custard Powder
Figure Global Custard Powder Value ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020
Figure Global Custard Powder Market Share by Applications in 2019
Figure Global Custard Powder Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure North America Custard Powder Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Custard Powder Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia Pacific Custard Powder Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Custard Powder Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global COVID-19 Status and Economic Overview
Figure Global COVID-19 Status
Figure COVID-19 Comparison of Major Countries
Figure Industry Chain Analysis of Custard Powder
Table Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Custard Powder with Contact Information
Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Custard Powder
Figure Major Players Production Value Market Share of Custard Powder in 2019
Table Major Players Custard Powder Product Types in 2019
Figure Production Process of Custard Powder
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Custard Powder
Figure Channel Status of Custard Powder
Table Major Distributors of Custard Powder with Contact Information
Table Major Downstream Buyers of Custard Powder with Contact Information
Table Global Custard Powder Value ($) by Type (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Value Share by Type (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Value Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Production by Type (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Production Share by Type (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Production Share by Type (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Value ($) and Growth Rate of Organic (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Value ($) and Growth Rate of Conventional (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Price by Type (2015-2020)
Figure Downstream Market Overview
Table Global Custard Powder Consumption by Application (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Consumption and Growth Rate of Home (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Consumption and Growth Rate of Restaurant (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2015
Table Global Custard Powder Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure North America Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America COVID-19 Status
Figure North America COVID-19 Confirmed Cases Major Distribution
Figure North America Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020)
Table North America Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
Table North America Custard Powder Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table North America Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table North America Custard Powder Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure United States Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
Figure Europe COVID-19 Confirmed Cases Major Distribution
Figure Europe Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020)
Table Europe Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Europe Custard Powder Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Europe Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Europe Custard Powder Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Germany Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure UK Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Italy Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Spain Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Russia Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
Figure Asia Pacific Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020)
Table Asia Pacific Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Asia Pacific Custard Powder Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Asia Pacific Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Asia Pacific Custard Powder Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure China Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Korea Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure India Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Southeast Asia Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Australia Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020)
Table Middle East Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Saudi Arabia Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure UAE Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Egypt Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Nigeria Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure South America Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020)
Table South America Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
Table South America Custard Powder Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table South America Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table South America Custard Powder Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Brazil Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Argentina Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Columbia Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Chile Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Top 3 Market Share of Custard Powder Companies in 2019
Figure Top 6 Market Share of Custard Powder Companies in 2019
Table Major Players Production Value ($) Share (2015-2020)
Table Weikfield Profile
Table Weikfield Product Introduction
Figure Weikfield Production and Growth Rate
Figure Weikfield Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Well and Good Pty Ltd. Profile
Table Well and Good Pty Ltd. Product Introduction
Figure Well and Good Pty Ltd. Production and Growth Rate
Figure Well and Good Pty Ltd. Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table ITN Food Corporation Profile
Table ITN Food Corporation Product Introduction
Figure ITN Food Corporation Production and Growth Rate
Figure ITN Food Corporation Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table GD Foods Profile
Table GD Foods Product Introduction
Figure GD Foods Production and Growth Rate
Figure GD Foods Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Pillsbury Company Profile
Table Pillsbury Company Product Introduction
Figure Pillsbury Company Production and Growth Rate
Figure Pillsbury Company Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table General Mills Inc. Profile
Table General Mills Inc. Product Introduction
Figure General Mills Inc. Production and Growth Rate
Figure General Mills Inc. Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Goodman Fielder Profile
Table Goodman Fielder Product Introduction
Figure Goodman Fielder Production and Growth Rate
Figure Goodman Fielder Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Unilever Food Solutions Profile
Table Unilever Food Solutions Product Introduction
Figure Unilever Food Solutions Production and Growth Rate
Figure Unilever Food Solutions Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Premier Foods Profile
Table Premier Foods Product Introduction
Figure Premier Foods Production and Growth Rate
Figure Premier Foods Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Kraft Foods Profile
Table Kraft Foods Product Introduction
Figure Kraft Foods Production and Growth Rate
Figure Kraft Foods Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Market Driving Factors of Custard Powder
Table Merger, Acquisition and New Investment
Table Global Custard Powder Market Value ($) Forecast, by Type
Table Global Custard Powder Market Volume Forecast, by Type
Figure Global Custard Powder Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Organic (2020-2025)
Figure Global Custard Powder Market Volume ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Organic (2020-2025)
Figure Global Custard Powder Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Conventional (2020-2025)
Figure Global Custard Powder Market Volume ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Conventional (2020-2025)
Table Global Market Value ($) Forecast by Application (2020-2025)
Table Global Market Volume Forecast by Application (2020-2025)
Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Home (2020-2025)
Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Home (2020-2025)
Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Restaurant (2020-2025)
Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Restaurant (2020-2025)
Figure North America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure North America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Asia Pacific Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Asia Pacific Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure South America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure South America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
Table New Entrants SWOT Analysis
Table New Project Analysis of Investment Recovery
Figure Product Picture of Custard Powder
Table Product Specification of Custard Powder
Table Custard Powder Key Market Segments
Table Key Players Custard Powder Covered
Figure Global Custard Powder Market Size, 2015 – 2025
Table Different Types of Custard Powder
Figure Global Custard Powder Value ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020
Figure Global Custard Powder Market Share by Types in 2019
Table Different Applications of Custard Powder
Figure Global Custard Powder Value ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020
Figure Global Custard Powder Market Share by Applications in 2019
Figure Global Custard Powder Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure North America Custard Powder Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Custard Powder Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia Pacific Custard Powder Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Custard Powder Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global COVID-19 Status and Economic Overview
Figure Global COVID-19 Status
Figure COVID-19 Comparison of Major Countries
Figure Industry Chain Analysis of Custard Powder
Table Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Custard Powder with Contact Information
Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Custard Powder
Figure Major Players Production Value Market Share of Custard Powder in 2019
Table Major Players Custard Powder Product Types in 2019
Figure Production Process of Custard Powder
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Custard Powder
Figure Channel Status of Custard Powder
Table Major Distributors of Custard Powder with Contact Information
Table Major Downstream Buyers of Custard Powder with Contact Information
Table Global Custard Powder Value ($) by Type (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Value Share by Type (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Value Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Production by Type (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Production Share by Type (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Production Share by Type (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Value ($) and Growth Rate of Organic (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Value ($) and Growth Rate of Conventional (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Price by Type (2015-2020)
Figure Downstream Market Overview
Table Global Custard Powder Consumption by Application (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Consumption and Growth Rate of Home (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Consumption and Growth Rate of Restaurant (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Custard Powder Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2015
Table Global Custard Powder Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure North America Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America COVID-19 Status
Figure North America COVID-19 Confirmed Cases Major Distribution
Figure North America Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020)
Table North America Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
Table North America Custard Powder Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table North America Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table North America Custard Powder Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure United States Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
Figure Europe COVID-19 Confirmed Cases Major Distribution
Figure Europe Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020)
Table Europe Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Europe Custard Powder Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Europe Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Europe Custard Powder Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Germany Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure UK Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Italy Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Spain Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Russia Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
Figure Asia Pacific Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020)
Table Asia Pacific Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Asia Pacific Custard Powder Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Asia Pacific Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Asia Pacific Custard Powder Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure China Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Korea Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure India Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Southeast Asia Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Australia Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020)
Table Middle East Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Custard Powder Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Saudi Arabia Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure UAE Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Egypt Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Nigeria Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure South America Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020)
Table South America Custard Powder Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
Table South America Custard Powder Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table South America Custard Powder Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table South America Custard Powder Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Brazil Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Argentina Custard Powder Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Columbia Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Chile Custard Powder Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Top 3 Market Share of Custard Powder Companies in 2019
Figure Top 6 Market Share of Custard Powder Companies in 2019
Table Major Players Production Value ($) Share (2015-2020)
Table Weikfield Profile
Table Weikfield Product Introduction
Figure Weikfield Production and Growth Rate
Figure Weikfield Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Well and Good Pty Ltd. Profile
Table Well and Good Pty Ltd. Product Introduction
Figure Well and Good Pty Ltd. Production and Growth Rate
Figure Well and Good Pty Ltd. Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table ITN Food Corporation Profile
Table ITN Food Corporation Product Introduction
Figure ITN Food Corporation Production and Growth Rate
Figure ITN Food Corporation Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table GD Foods Profile
Table GD Foods Product Introduction
Figure GD Foods Production and Growth Rate
Figure GD Foods Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Pillsbury Company Profile
Table Pillsbury Company Product Introduction
Figure Pillsbury Company Production and Growth Rate
Figure Pillsbury Company Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table General Mills Inc. Profile
Table General Mills Inc. Product Introduction
Figure General Mills Inc. Production and Growth Rate
Figure General Mills Inc. Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Goodman Fielder Profile
Table Goodman Fielder Product Introduction
Figure Goodman Fielder Production and Growth Rate
Figure Goodman Fielder Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Unilever Food Solutions Profile
Table Unilever Food Solutions Product Introduction
Figure Unilever Food Solutions Production and Growth Rate
Figure Unilever Food Solutions Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Premier Foods Profile
Table Premier Foods Product Introduction
Figure Premier Foods Production and Growth Rate
Figure Premier Foods Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Kraft Foods Profile
Table Kraft Foods Product Introduction
Figure Kraft Foods Production and Growth Rate
Figure Kraft Foods Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Market Driving Factors of Custard Powder
Table Merger, Acquisition and New Investment
Table Global Custard Powder Market Value ($) Forecast, by Type
Table Global Custard Powder Market Volume Forecast, by Type
Figure Global Custard Powder Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Organic (2020-2025)
Figure Global Custard Powder Market Volume ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Organic (2020-2025)
Figure Global Custard Powder Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Conventional (2020-2025)
Figure Global Custard Powder Market Volume ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Conventional (2020-2025)
Table Global Market Value ($) Forecast by Application (2020-2025)
Table Global Market Volume Forecast by Application (2020-2025)
Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Home (2020-2025)
Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Home (2020-2025)
Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Restaurant (2020-2025)
Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Restaurant (2020-2025)
Figure North America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure North America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Asia Pacific Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Asia Pacific Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure South America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure South America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
Table New Entrants SWOT Analysis
Table New Project Analysis of Investment Recovery
