COVID-19 Impact on Global Freight Ropeway Market Size, Status and Forecast 2020-2026

August 2020 | 95 pages | ID: CE5964F43002EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

This report focuses on the global Freight Ropeway status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players. The study objectives are to present the Freight Ropeway development in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia, India and Central & South America.
The key players covered in this study

• Kropivnik Cableways
• Damodar Ropeways?Infra Limited
• CRSPL
• Doppelmayr Seilbahnen
• LEITNER AG
• GANTNER
• SEIK LTD.
• TEUFELBERGER
• Ropeway Nepal
• Ropeway and Cablecar

Market segment by Type, the product can be split into

• Powered by Energy
• Powered by Electric
• Powered by Engines

Market segment by Application, split into

• In Mining
• Other

Market segment by Regions/Countries, this report covers

• North America
• Europe
• China
• Japan
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Central & South America

The study objectives of this report are:

• To analyze global Freight Ropeway status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players.
• To present the Freight Ropeway development in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia, India and Central & South America.
• To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their development plan and strategies.
• To define, describe and forecast the market by type, market and key regions.

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Freight Ropeway are as follows:

• History Year: 2015-2019
• Base Year: 2019
• Estimated Year: 2020
• Forecast Year 2020 to 2026

For the data information by region, company, type and application, 2019 is considered as the base year. Whenever data information was unavailable for the base year, the prior year has been considered.

Contents

1 REPORT OVERVIEW

1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.3 Players Covered: Ranking by Freight Ropeway Revenue
1.4 Market Analysis by Type
  1.4.1 Global Freight Ropeway Market Size Growth Rate by Type: 2020 VS 2026
  1.4.2 Powered by Energy
  1.4.3 Powered by Electric
  1.4.4 Powered by Engines
1.5 Market by Application
  1.5.1 Global Freight Ropeway Market Share by Application: 2020 VS 2026
  1.5.2 In Mining
  1.5.3 Other
1.6 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Freight Ropeway Industry Impact
  1.6.1 How the Covid-19 is Affecting the Freight Ropeway Industry
    1.6.1.1 Freight Ropeway Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
    1.6.1.2 Supply Chain Challenges
    1.6.1.3 COVID-19’s Impact On Crude Oil and Refined Products
  1.6.2 Market Trends and Freight Ropeway Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
  1.6.3 Measures / Proposal against Covid-19
    1.6.3.1 Government Measures to Combat Covid-19 Impact
    1.6.3.2 Proposal for Freight Ropeway Players to Combat Covid-19 Impact
1.7 Study Objectives
1.8 Years Considered

2 GLOBAL GROWTH TRENDS BY REGIONS

2.1 Freight Ropeway Market Perspective (2015-2026)
2.2 Freight Ropeway Growth Trends by Regions
  2.2.1 Freight Ropeway Market Size by Regions: 2015 VS 2020 VS 2026
  2.2.2 Freight Ropeway Historic Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
  2.2.3 Freight Ropeway Forecasted Market Size by Regions (2021-2026)
2.3 Industry Trends and Growth Strategy
  2.3.1 Market Top Trends
  2.3.2 Market Drivers
  2.3.3 Market Challenges
  2.3.4 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
  2.3.5 Freight Ropeway Market Growth Strategy
  2.3.6 Primary Interviews with Key Freight Ropeway Players (Opinion Leaders)

3 COMPETITION LANDSCAPE BY KEY PLAYERS

3.1 Global Top Freight Ropeway Players by Market Size
  3.1.1 Global Top Freight Ropeway Players by Revenue (2015-2020)
  3.1.2 Global Freight Ropeway Revenue Market Share by Players (2015-2020)
  3.1.3 Global Freight Ropeway Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
3.2 Global Freight Ropeway Market Concentration Ratio
  3.2.1 Global Freight Ropeway Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
  3.2.2 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Freight Ropeway Revenue in 2019
3.3 Freight Ropeway Key Players Head office and Area Served
3.4 Key Players Freight Ropeway Product Solution and Service
3.5 Date of Enter into Freight Ropeway Market
3.6 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

4 BREAKDOWN DATA BY TYPE (2015-2026)

4.1 Global Freight Ropeway Historic Market Size by Type (2015-2020)
4.2 Global Freight Ropeway Forecasted Market Size by Type (2021-2026)

5 FREIGHT ROPEWAY BREAKDOWN DATA BY APPLICATION (2015-2026)

5.1 Global Freight Ropeway Market Size by Application (2015-2020)
5.2 Global Freight Ropeway Forecasted Market Size by Application (2021-2026)

6 NORTH AMERICA

6.1 North America Freight Ropeway Market Size (2015-2020)
6.2 Freight Ropeway Key Players in North America (2019-2020)
6.3 North America Freight Ropeway Market Size by Type (2015-2020)
6.4 North America Freight Ropeway Market Size by Application (2015-2020)

7 EUROPE

7.1 Europe Freight Ropeway Market Size (2015-2020)
7.2 Freight Ropeway Key Players in Europe (2019-2020)
7.3 Europe Freight Ropeway Market Size by Type (2015-2020)
7.4 Europe Freight Ropeway Market Size by Application (2015-2020)

8 CHINA

8.1 China Freight Ropeway Market Size (2015-2020)
8.2 Freight Ropeway Key Players in China (2019-2020)
8.3 China Freight Ropeway Market Size by Type (2015-2020)
8.4 China Freight Ropeway Market Size by Application (2015-2020)

9 JAPAN

9.1 Japan Freight Ropeway Market Size (2015-2020)
9.2 Freight Ropeway Key Players in Japan (2019-2020)
9.3 Japan Freight Ropeway Market Size by Type (2015-2020)
9.4 Japan Freight Ropeway Market Size by Application (2015-2020)

10 SOUTHEAST ASIA

10.1 Southeast Asia Freight Ropeway Market Size (2015-2020)
10.2 Freight Ropeway Key Players in Southeast Asia (2019-2020)
10.3 Southeast Asia Freight Ropeway Market Size by Type (2015-2020)
10.4 Southeast Asia Freight Ropeway Market Size by Application (2015-2020)

11 INDIA

11.1 India Freight Ropeway Market Size (2015-2020)
11.2 Freight Ropeway Key Players in India (2019-2020)
11.3 India Freight Ropeway Market Size by Type (2015-2020)
11.4 India Freight Ropeway Market Size by Application (2015-2020)

12 CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA

12.1 Central & South America Freight Ropeway Market Size (2015-2020)
12.2 Freight Ropeway Key Players in Central & South America (2019-2020)
12.3 Central & South America Freight Ropeway Market Size by Type (2015-2020)
12.4 Central & South America Freight Ropeway Market Size by Application (2015-2020)

13 KEY PLAYERS PROFILES

13.1 Kropivnik Cableways
  13.1.1 Kropivnik Cableways Company Details
  13.1.2 Kropivnik Cableways Business Overview and Its Total Revenue
  13.1.3 Kropivnik Cableways Freight Ropeway Introduction
  13.1.4 Kropivnik Cableways Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020))
  13.1.5 Kropivnik Cableways Recent Development
13.2 Damodar Ropeways?Infra Limited
  13.2.1 Damodar Ropeways?Infra Limited Company Details
  13.2.2 Damodar Ropeways?Infra Limited Business Overview and Its Total Revenue
  13.2.3 Damodar Ropeways?Infra Limited Freight Ropeway Introduction
  13.2.4 Damodar Ropeways?Infra Limited Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
  13.2.5 Damodar Ropeways?Infra Limited Recent Development
13.3 CRSPL
  13.3.1 CRSPL Company Details
  13.3.2 CRSPL Business Overview and Its Total Revenue
  13.3.3 CRSPL Freight Ropeway Introduction
  13.3.4 CRSPL Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
  13.3.5 CRSPL Recent Development
13.4 Doppelmayr Seilbahnen
  13.4.1 Doppelmayr Seilbahnen Company Details
  13.4.2 Doppelmayr Seilbahnen Business Overview and Its Total Revenue
  13.4.3 Doppelmayr Seilbahnen Freight Ropeway Introduction
  13.4.4 Doppelmayr Seilbahnen Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
  13.4.5 Doppelmayr Seilbahnen Recent Development
13.5 LEITNER AG
  13.5.1 LEITNER AG Company Details
  13.5.2 LEITNER AG Business Overview and Its Total Revenue
  13.5.3 LEITNER AG Freight Ropeway Introduction
  13.5.4 LEITNER AG Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
  13.5.5 LEITNER AG Recent Development
13.6 GANTNER
  13.6.1 GANTNER Company Details
  13.6.2 GANTNER Business Overview and Its Total Revenue
  13.6.3 GANTNER Freight Ropeway Introduction
  13.6.4 GANTNER Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
  13.6.5 GANTNER Recent Development
13.7 SEIK LTD.
  13.7.1 SEIK LTD. Company Details
  13.7.2 SEIK LTD. Business Overview and Its Total Revenue
  13.7.3 SEIK LTD. Freight Ropeway Introduction
  13.7.4 SEIK LTD. Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
  13.7.5 SEIK LTD. Recent Development
13.8 TEUFELBERGER
  13.8.1 TEUFELBERGER Company Details
  13.8.2 TEUFELBERGER Business Overview and Its Total Revenue
  13.8.3 TEUFELBERGER Freight Ropeway Introduction
  13.8.4 TEUFELBERGER Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
  13.8.5 TEUFELBERGER Recent Development
13.9 Ropeway Nepal
  13.9.1 Ropeway Nepal Company Details
  13.9.2 Ropeway Nepal Business Overview and Its Total Revenue
  13.9.3 Ropeway Nepal Freight Ropeway Introduction
  13.9.4 Ropeway Nepal Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
  13.9.5 Ropeway Nepal Recent Development
13.10 Ropeway and Cablecar
  13.10.1 Ropeway and Cablecar Company Details
  13.10.2 Ropeway and Cablecar Business Overview and Its Total Revenue
  13.10.3 Ropeway and Cablecar Freight Ropeway Introduction
  13.10.4 Ropeway and Cablecar Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
  13.10.5 Ropeway and Cablecar Recent Development

14 ANALYST'S VIEWPOINTS/CONCLUSIONS

15 APPENDIX

15.1 Research Methodology
  15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  15.1.2 Data Source
15.2 Disclaimer
15.3 Author Details

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Freight Ropeway Key Market Segments
Table 2. Key Players Covered: Ranking by Freight Ropeway Revenue
Table 3. Ranking of Global Top Freight Ropeway Manufacturers by Revenue (US$ Million) in 2019
Table 4. Global Freight Ropeway Market Size Growth Rate by Type (US$ Million): 2020 VS 2026
Table 5. Key Players of Powered by Energy
Table 6. Key Players of Powered by Electric
Table 7. Key Players of Powered by Engines
Table 8. COVID-19 Impact Global Market: (Four Freight Ropeway Market Size Forecast Scenarios)
Table 9. Opportunities and Trends for Freight Ropeway Players in the COVID-19 Landscape
Table 10. Present Opportunities in China & Elsewhere Due to the Coronavirus Crisis
Table 11. Key Regions/Countries Measures against Covid-19 Impact
Table 12. Proposal for Freight Ropeway Players to Combat Covid-19 Impact
Table 13. Global Freight Ropeway Market Size Growth by Application (US$ Million): 2020 VS 2026
Table 14. Global Freight Ropeway Market Size by Regions (US$ Million): 2020 VS 2026
Table 15. Global Freight Ropeway Market Size by Regions (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Freight Ropeway Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Table 17. Global Freight Ropeway Forecasted Market Size by Regions (2021-2026) (US$ Million)
Table 18. Global Freight Ropeway Market Share by Regions (2021-2026)
Table 19. Market Top Trends
Table 20. Key Drivers: Impact Analysis
Table 21. Key Challenges
Table 22. Freight Ropeway Market Growth Strategy
Table 23. Main Points Interviewed from Key Freight Ropeway Players
Table 24. Global Freight Ropeway Revenue by Players (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 25. Global Freight Ropeway Market Share by Players (2015-2020)
Table 26. Global Top Freight Ropeway Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) (based on the Revenue in Freight Ropeway as of 2019)
Table 27. Global Freight Ropeway by Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 28. Key Players Headquarters and Area Served
Table 29. Key Players Freight Ropeway Product Solution and Service
Table 30. Date of Enter into Freight Ropeway Market
Table 31. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 32. Global Freight Ropeway Market Size by Type (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 33. Global Freight Ropeway Market Size Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 34. Global Freight Ropeway Revenue Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Table 35. Global Freight Ropeway Market Size Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 36. Global Freight Ropeway Market Size by Application (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 37. Global Freight Ropeway Market Size Share by Application (2021-2026)
Table 38. North America Key Players Freight Ropeway Revenue (2019-2020) (Million US$)
Table 39. North America Key Players Freight Ropeway Market Share (2019-2020)
Table 40. North America Freight Ropeway Market Size by Type (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 41. North America Freight Ropeway Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 42. North America Freight Ropeway Market Size by Application (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 43. North America Freight Ropeway Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 44. Europe Key Players Freight Ropeway Revenue (2019-2020) (Million US$)
Table 45. Europe Key Players Freight Ropeway Market Share (2019-2020)
Table 46. Europe Freight Ropeway Market Size by Type (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 47. Europe Freight Ropeway Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 48. Europe Freight Ropeway Market Size by Application (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 49. Europe Freight Ropeway Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 50. China Key Players Freight Ropeway Revenue (2019-2020) (Million US$)
Table 51. China Key Players Freight Ropeway Market Share (2019-2020)
Table 52. China Freight Ropeway Market Size by Type (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 53. China Freight Ropeway Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 54. China Freight Ropeway Market Size by Application (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 55. China Freight Ropeway Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 56. Japan Key Players Freight Ropeway Revenue (2019-2020) (Million US$)
Table 57. Japan Key Players Freight Ropeway Market Share (2019-2020)
Table 58. Japan Freight Ropeway Market Size by Type (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 59. Japan Freight Ropeway Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 60. Japan Freight Ropeway Market Size by Application (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 61. Japan Freight Ropeway Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 62. Southeast Asia Key Players Freight Ropeway Revenue (2019-2020) (Million US$)
Table 63. Southeast Asia Key Players Freight Ropeway Market Share (2019-2020)
Table 64. Southeast Asia Freight Ropeway Market Size by Type (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 65. Southeast Asia Freight Ropeway Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 66. Southeast Asia Freight Ropeway Market Size by Application (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 67. Southeast Asia Freight Ropeway Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 68. India Key Players Freight Ropeway Revenue (2019-2020) (Million US$)
Table 69. India Key Players Freight Ropeway Market Share (2019-2020)
Table 70. India Freight Ropeway Market Size by Type (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 71. India Freight Ropeway Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 72. India Freight Ropeway Market Size by Application (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 73. India Freight Ropeway Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 74. Central & South America Key Players Freight Ropeway Revenue (2019-2020) (Million US$)
Table 75. Central & South America Key Players Freight Ropeway Market Share (2019-2020)
Table 76. Central & South America Freight Ropeway Market Size by Type (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 77. Central & South America Freight Ropeway Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 78. Central & South America Freight Ropeway Market Size by Application (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 79. Central & South America Freight Ropeway Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 80. Kropivnik Cableways Company Details
Table 81. Kropivnik Cableways Business Overview
Table 82. Kropivnik Cableways Product
Table 83. Kropivnik Cableways Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 84. Kropivnik Cableways Recent Development
Table 85. Damodar Ropeways?Infra Limited Company Details
Table 86. Damodar Ropeways?Infra Limited Business Overview
Table 87. Damodar Ropeways?Infra Limited Product
Table 88. Damodar Ropeways?Infra Limited Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 89. Damodar Ropeways?Infra Limited Recent Development
Table 90. CRSPL Company Details
Table 91. CRSPL Business Overview
Table 92. CRSPL Product
Table 93. CRSPL Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 94. CRSPL Recent Development
Table 95. Doppelmayr Seilbahnen Company Details
Table 96. Doppelmayr Seilbahnen Business Overview
Table 97. Doppelmayr Seilbahnen Product
Table 98. Doppelmayr Seilbahnen Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 99. Doppelmayr Seilbahnen Recent Development
Table 100. LEITNER AG Company Details
Table 101. LEITNER AG Business Overview
Table 102. LEITNER AG Product
Table 103. LEITNER AG Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 104. LEITNER AG Recent Development
Table 105. GANTNER Company Details
Table 106. GANTNER Business Overview
Table 107. GANTNER Product
Table 108. GANTNER Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 109. GANTNER Recent Development
Table 110. SEIK LTD. Company Details
Table 111. SEIK LTD. Business Overview
Table 112. SEIK LTD. Product
Table 113. SEIK LTD. Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 114. SEIK LTD. Recent Development
Table 115. TEUFELBERGER Business Overview
Table 116. TEUFELBERGER Product
Table 117. TEUFELBERGER Company Details
Table 118. TEUFELBERGER Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 119. TEUFELBERGER Recent Development
Table 120. Ropeway Nepal Company Details
Table 121. Ropeway Nepal Business Overview
Table 122. Ropeway Nepal Product
Table 123. Ropeway Nepal Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 124. Ropeway Nepal Recent Development
Table 125. Ropeway and Cablecar Company Details
Table 126. Ropeway and Cablecar Business Overview
Table 127. Ropeway and Cablecar Product
Table 128. Ropeway and Cablecar Revenue in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Table 129. Ropeway and Cablecar Recent Development
Table 130. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 131. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 132. Key Data Information from Primary Sources

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Global Freight Ropeway Market Share by Type: 2020 VS 2026
Figure 2. Powered by Energy Features
Figure 3. Powered by Electric Features
Figure 4. Powered by Engines Features
Figure 5. Global Freight Ropeway Market Share by Application: 2020 VS 2026
Figure 6. In Mining Case Studies
Figure 7. Other Case Studies
Figure 8. Freight Ropeway Report Years Considered
Figure 9. Global Freight Ropeway Market Size YoY Growth 2015-2026 (US$ Million)
Figure 10. Global Freight Ropeway Market Share by Regions: 2020 VS 2026
Figure 11. Global Freight Ropeway Market Share by Regions (2021-2026)
Figure 12. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Figure 13. Global Freight Ropeway Market Share by Players in 2019
Figure 14. Global Top Freight Ropeway Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) (based on the Revenue in Freight Ropeway as of 2019
Figure 15. The Top 10 and 5 Players Market Share by Freight Ropeway Revenue in 2019
Figure 16. North America Freight Ropeway Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Figure 17. Europe Freight Ropeway Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Figure 18. China Freight Ropeway Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Figure 19. Japan Freight Ropeway Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Figure 20. Southeast Asia Freight Ropeway Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Figure 21. India Freight Ropeway Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Figure 22. Central & South America Freight Ropeway Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2020) (Million US$)
Figure 23. Kropivnik Cableways Total Revenue (US$ Million): 2019 Compared with 2018
Figure 24. Kropivnik Cableways Revenue Growth Rate in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
Figure 25. Damodar Ropeways?Infra Limited Total Revenue (US$ Million): 2019 Compared with 2018
Figure 26. Damodar Ropeways?Infra Limited Revenue Growth Rate in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
Figure 27. CRSPL Total Revenue (US$ Million): 2019 Compared with 2018
Figure 28. CRSPL Revenue Growth Rate in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
Figure 29. Doppelmayr Seilbahnen Total Revenue (US$ Million): 2019 Compared with 2018
Figure 30. Doppelmayr Seilbahnen Revenue Growth Rate in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
Figure 31. LEITNER AG Total Revenue (US$ Million): 2019 Compared with 2018
Figure 32. LEITNER AG Revenue Growth Rate in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
Figure 33. GANTNER Total Revenue (US$ Million): 2019 Compared with 2018
Figure 34. GANTNER Revenue Growth Rate in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
Figure 35. SEIK LTD. Total Revenue (US$ Million): 2019 Compared with 2018
Figure 36. SEIK LTD. Revenue Growth Rate in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
Figure 37. TEUFELBERGER Total Revenue (US$ Million): 2019 Compared with 2018
Figure 38. TEUFELBERGER Revenue Growth Rate in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
Figure 39. Ropeway Nepal Total Revenue (US$ Million): 2019 Compared with 2018
Figure 40. Ropeway Nepal Revenue Growth Rate in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
Figure 41. Ropeway and Cablecar Total Revenue (US$ Million): 2019 Compared with 2018
Figure 42. Ropeway and Cablecar Revenue Growth Rate in Freight Ropeway Business (2015-2020)
Figure 43. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 44. Data Triangulation
Figure 45. Key Executives Interviewed