The 2025-2030 World Outlook for Ophthalmic Drugs
This study covers the world outlook for ophthalmic drugs across more than 190 countries. For each year reported, estimates are given for the latent demand, or potential industry earnings (P.I.E.), for the country in question (in millions of U.S. dollars), the percent share the country is of the region, and of the globe. These comparative benchmarks allow the reader to quickly gauge a country vis-à-vis others. Using econometric models which project fundamental economic dynamics within each country and across countries, latent demand estimates are created. This report does not discuss the specific players in the market serving the latent demand, nor specific details at the product level. The study also does not consider short-term cyclicalities that might affect realized sales. The study, therefore, is strategic in nature, taking an aggregate and long-run view, irrespective of the players or products involved.
In this report we define the sales of ophthalmic drugs as including all commonly understood products falling within this broad category, such as prescription drugs and over the counter drugs and dry eye, retinal, anti-inflammatory, allergy, infective, and anti-glaucoma drugs, irrespective of product packaging, formulation, size, or form. Companies participating in this industry include Abbot Laboratories, AbbVie, Actavis, Acucela, Advanced Cell Technologies, Aerie Pharmaceuticals, Aerpio Therapeutics, Akorn, Alcon, Alimera Sciences, Allegro, Allergan, Altheos, Amakem, Amgen, Ampio Pharma, Apotex, Asahi Glass, AstraZeneca, Aton Pharma (acquired by Valeant), Aurobindo Pharma, Banyu Pharmaceutical (part of Merck), Barr Laboratories, Inc., Bausch & Lomb, Bayer, Bicycle Therapeutics, BIOCAD, BioDiem, Biogen Idec, BioInvent International, Biovail Corporation (part of Valeant), BioXpress Therapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Can-Fite BioPharma, Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Chiron Corportation (part of Novartis), Chugai Pharmaceutical (part of Roche), CIBA VISION (part of Novartis), Cipla, Colby Pharmaceutical Company, CoMentis, Daiichi Sankyo, Eleven Biotherapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company (Lilly), Eye Gate Pharmaceuticals, Eyegate Pharmaceuticals, Eyemed, Eyetech Inc. / Eyetech Pharmaceuticals (acquired by Valeant), F. Hoffmann-La Roche, ForeSight Biotherapeutics, Fougera Pharmaceuticals (acquired by Novartis), Gene Signal, Genzyme (subsidiary of Sanofi), Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, GSK, ICN Pharmaceuticals (original Valeant Company), iCo Therapeutics, Inamed Corporation (subsidiary of Allergan), Inception Sciences, Inc., InSite Vision, Inspire Pharmaceuticals, Instituto Terapeutico Delta, Ltd.a, ISTA Pharmaceuticals (part of Valeant), Jerini AG, Johnson & Johnson, Kala Pharmaceuticals, KalVista, Kestrel Ophthalmics, Kyorin Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, LEO Pharma, Lpath, MacuCLEAR, MacuSIGHT, Inc., MAP Pharmaceuticals (acquired by Allergan), Meda, Medicis Corporation (acquired by Valeant), Merck, MerLion Pharmaceuticals, Mitotech, Morgan Stanley, MSD K.K. (part of Merck), Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Mystic Pharmaceuticals, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Neurotech, Nicox, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim (subsidiary of Boehringer Ingelheim), NovaBay, NOVAGALI PHARMA, Novartis, Novo (subsidiary of Novo Nordisk), Oakwood Laboratories, OcuSciences, Ohr Pharmaceutical, Omeros, Onyx Pharmaceuticals, OphthaliX, Ophthotech, OPKO Health, Ora, OSI Pharmaceuticals, Othera Pharmaceuticals (acquired by Colby), Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Oxford BioMedica, Oxigene, PanOptica, Parke-Davis (subsidiary of Pfizer), Patheon Pharmaceuticals, PDL BioPHARMA, Pfizer, Pharmacia, Potentia Pharmaceuticals, Premacure, Procter & Gamble, Psivida, QLT, Quark Pharmaceuticals, Reckitt Benckiser, Regeneron, RetroSense Therapeutics, ReVision Therapeutics, Roche, R-Tech Ueno, RXI Pharmaceuticals, Sandoz (part of Novartis), Sanofi, Santen, SARcode Bioscience, Schering-Plough (part of Merck), Seikagaku, Senju, Servier, Shire, Sirion Therapeutics, Sirna Therapeutics, SkinMedica (subsidiary of Allergan), Sobi, Spark Therapeutics, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Symphony ViDA, Takeda, Teva, The Patent Board, ThromboGenics, Upjohn, USV North America, Valeant, Vanda Pharmaceuticals, Ventana Medical Systems (acquired by Roche), Versant Ventures, Warburg Pincus, Warner-Lambert, Watson, Wockhardt, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, and Zach System Spa. In addition to the sources indicated, additional information available to the public via news and/or press releases published by players in the industry was considered in defining and calibrating this category. All figures are in a common currency (U.S. dollars, millions) and are not adjusted for inflation (i.e., they are current values). Exchange rates used to convert to U.S. dollars are averages for the year in question. Future exchange rates are assumed to be constant in the future at the current level (the average of the year of this publication's release in 2024).
In this report we define the sales of ophthalmic drugs as including all commonly understood products falling within this broad category, such as prescription drugs and over the counter drugs and dry eye, retinal, anti-inflammatory, allergy, infective, and anti-glaucoma drugs, irrespective of product packaging, formulation, size, or form. Companies participating in this industry include Abbot Laboratories, AbbVie, Actavis, Acucela, Advanced Cell Technologies, Aerie Pharmaceuticals, Aerpio Therapeutics, Akorn, Alcon, Alimera Sciences, Allegro, Allergan, Altheos, Amakem, Amgen, Ampio Pharma, Apotex, Asahi Glass, AstraZeneca, Aton Pharma (acquired by Valeant), Aurobindo Pharma, Banyu Pharmaceutical (part of Merck), Barr Laboratories, Inc., Bausch & Lomb, Bayer, Bicycle Therapeutics, BIOCAD, BioDiem, Biogen Idec, BioInvent International, Biovail Corporation (part of Valeant), BioXpress Therapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Can-Fite BioPharma, Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Chiron Corportation (part of Novartis), Chugai Pharmaceutical (part of Roche), CIBA VISION (part of Novartis), Cipla, Colby Pharmaceutical Company, CoMentis, Daiichi Sankyo, Eleven Biotherapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company (Lilly), Eye Gate Pharmaceuticals, Eyegate Pharmaceuticals, Eyemed, Eyetech Inc. / Eyetech Pharmaceuticals (acquired by Valeant), F. Hoffmann-La Roche, ForeSight Biotherapeutics, Fougera Pharmaceuticals (acquired by Novartis), Gene Signal, Genzyme (subsidiary of Sanofi), Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, GSK, ICN Pharmaceuticals (original Valeant Company), iCo Therapeutics, Inamed Corporation (subsidiary of Allergan), Inception Sciences, Inc., InSite Vision, Inspire Pharmaceuticals, Instituto Terapeutico Delta, Ltd.a, ISTA Pharmaceuticals (part of Valeant), Jerini AG, Johnson & Johnson, Kala Pharmaceuticals, KalVista, Kestrel Ophthalmics, Kyorin Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, LEO Pharma, Lpath, MacuCLEAR, MacuSIGHT, Inc., MAP Pharmaceuticals (acquired by Allergan), Meda, Medicis Corporation (acquired by Valeant), Merck, MerLion Pharmaceuticals, Mitotech, Morgan Stanley, MSD K.K. (part of Merck), Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Mystic Pharmaceuticals, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Neurotech, Nicox, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim (subsidiary of Boehringer Ingelheim), NovaBay, NOVAGALI PHARMA, Novartis, Novo (subsidiary of Novo Nordisk), Oakwood Laboratories, OcuSciences, Ohr Pharmaceutical, Omeros, Onyx Pharmaceuticals, OphthaliX, Ophthotech, OPKO Health, Ora, OSI Pharmaceuticals, Othera Pharmaceuticals (acquired by Colby), Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Oxford BioMedica, Oxigene, PanOptica, Parke-Davis (subsidiary of Pfizer), Patheon Pharmaceuticals, PDL BioPHARMA, Pfizer, Pharmacia, Potentia Pharmaceuticals, Premacure, Procter & Gamble, Psivida, QLT, Quark Pharmaceuticals, Reckitt Benckiser, Regeneron, RetroSense Therapeutics, ReVision Therapeutics, Roche, R-Tech Ueno, RXI Pharmaceuticals, Sandoz (part of Novartis), Sanofi, Santen, SARcode Bioscience, Schering-Plough (part of Merck), Seikagaku, Senju, Servier, Shire, Sirion Therapeutics, Sirna Therapeutics, SkinMedica (subsidiary of Allergan), Sobi, Spark Therapeutics, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Symphony ViDA, Takeda, Teva, The Patent Board, ThromboGenics, Upjohn, USV North America, Valeant, Vanda Pharmaceuticals, Ventana Medical Systems (acquired by Roche), Versant Ventures, Warburg Pincus, Warner-Lambert, Watson, Wockhardt, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, and Zach System Spa. In addition to the sources indicated, additional information available to the public via news and/or press releases published by players in the industry was considered in defining and calibrating this category. All figures are in a common currency (U.S. dollars, millions) and are not adjusted for inflation (i.e., they are current values). Exchange rates used to convert to U.S. dollars are averages for the year in question. Future exchange rates are assumed to be constant in the future at the current level (the average of the year of this publication's release in 2024).
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
1.2 WHAT IS LATENT DEMAND AND THE P.I.E.?
1.3 THE METHODOLOGY
1.4 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)
2 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
2.1 THE WORLDWIDE MARKET POTENTIAL
3 AFRICA
3.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3.2 ALGERIA
3.3 ANGOLA
3.4 BENIN
3.5 BOTSWANA
3.6 BURKINA FASO
3.7 BURUNDI
3.8 CAMEROON
3.9 CAPE VERDE
3.10 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
3.11 CHAD
3.12 COMOROS
3.13 CONGO (FORMERLY ZAIRE)
3.14 COTE D'IVOIRE
3.15 DJIBOUTI
3.16 EGYPT
3.17 EQUATORIAL GUINEA
3.18 ERITREA
3.19 ETHIOPIA
3.20 GABON
3.21 GHANA
3.22 GUINEA
3.23 GUINEA-BISSAU
3.24 KENYA
3.25 LESOTHO
3.26 LIBERIA
3.27 LIBYA
3.28 MADAGASCAR
3.29 MALAWI
3.30 MALI
3.31 MAURITANIA
3.32 MAURITIUS
3.34 MOROCCO
3.35 MOZAMBIQUE
3.36 NAMIBIA
3.37 NIGER
3.38 NIGERIA
3.39 REPUBLIC OF CONGO
3.40 RWANDA
3.41 SAO TOME E PRINCIPE
3.42 SENEGAL
3.43 SIERRA LEONE
3.44 SOMALIA
3.45 SOUTH AFRICA
3.46 SOUTH SUDAN
3.47 ST. HELENA
3.48 SWAZILAND
3.49 TANZANIA
3.50 THE GAMBIA
3.51 TOGO
3.52 TUNISIA
3.53 UGANDA
3.54 WESTERN SAHARA
3.55 ZAMBIA
3.56 ZIMBABWE
4 ASIA
4.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4.2 BANGLADESH
4.3 BHUTAN
4.4 BRUNEI
4.5 BURMA
4.6 CAMBODIA
4.7 CHINA
4.8 HONG KONG
4.9 INDIA
4.10 INDONESIA
4.11 JAPAN
4.12 LAOS
4.13 MACAU
4.14 MALAYSIA
4.15 MALDIVES
4.16 MONGOLIA
4.17 NEPAL
4.18 NORTH KOREA
4.19 PAPUA NEW GUINEA
4.20 PHILIPPINES
4.21 SEYCHELLES
4.22 SINGAPORE
4.23 SOUTH KOREA
4.24 SRI LANKA
4.25 TAIWAN
4.26 THAILAND
4.27 TIMOR - LESTE, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF
4.28 VIETNAM
5 EUROPE
5.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
5.2 ALBANIA
5.3 ANDORRA
5.4 AUSTRIA
5.5 BELARUS
5.6 BELGIUM
5.7 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
5.8 BULGARIA
5.9 CROATIA
5.10 CYPRUS
5.11 CZECH REPUBLIC
5.12 DENMARK
5.13 ESTONIA
5.14 FINLAND
5.15 FRANCE
5.16 GEORGIA
5.17 GERMANY
5.18 GIBRALTAR
5.19 GREECE
5.20 GUERNSEY
5.21 HUNGARY
5.22 ICELAND
5.23 IRELAND
5.24 ISLE OF MAN
5.25 ITALY
5.26 JERSEY
5.27 KAZAKHSTAN
5.28 KOSOVO
5.29 LATVIA
5.30 LIECHTENSTEIN
5.31 LITHUANIA
5.32 LUXEMBOURG
5.33 MACEDONIA
5.34 MALTA
5.35 MOLDOVA
5.36 MONACO
5.37 MONTENEGRO
5.38 NORWAY
5.39 POLAND
5.40 PORTUGAL
5.41 ROMANIA
5.42 RUSSIA
5.43 SAN MARINO
5.44 SERBIA
5.45 SLOVAKIA
5.46 SLOVENIA
5.47 SPAIN
5.48 SWEDEN
5.49 SWITZERLAND
5.50 THE FAROE ISLANDS
5.51 THE NETHERLANDS
5.52 THE UNITED KINGDOM
5.53 UKRAINE
6 LATIN AMERICA
6.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
6.2 ARGENTINA
6.3 BELIZE
6.4 BOLIVIA
6.5 BRAZIL
6.6 CHILE
6.7 COLOMBIA
6.8 COSTA RICA
6.9 ECUADOR
6.10 EL SALVADOR
6.12 GUATEMALA
6.13 GUYANA
6.14 HONDURAS
6.15 MEXICO
6.16 NICARAGUA
6.17 PANAMA
6.18 PARAGUAY
6.19 PERU
6.20 SURINAME
6.21 THE FALKLAND ISLANDS
6.22 URUGUAY
6.23 VENEZUELA
7 NORTH AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN
7.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
7.2 ANGUILLA
7.3 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
7.4 ARUBA
7.5 BARBADOS
7.6 BERMUDA
7.7 CANADA
7.8 CUBA
7.9 CURACAO
7.10 DOMINICA
7.11 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
7.12 GREENLAND
7.13 GRENADA
7.15 HAITI
7.16 JAMAICA
7.18 MONTSERRAT
7.19 PUERTO RICO
7.20 SINT MAARTEN
7.21 ST PIERRE AND MIQUELON
7.22 ST. KITTS AND NEVIS
7.23 ST. LUCIA
7.24 ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
7.25 THE BAHAMAS
7.26 THE BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS
7.27 THE CAYMAN ISLANDS
7.28 THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS
7.29 THE UNITED STATES
7.30 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
7.31 TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS
8 OCEANIA
8.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
8.2 AMERICAN SAMOA
8.3 AUSTRALIA
8.4 CHRISTMAS ISLAND
8.6 COOK ISLANDS
8.7 FIJI
8.8 FRENCH POLYNESIA
8.9 GUAM
8.10 KIRIBATI
8.11 MARSHALL ISLANDS
8.12 MICRONESIA FEDERATION
8.13 NAURU
8.14 NEW CALEDONIA
8.15 NEW ZEALAND
8.16 NIUE
8.17 NORFOLK ISLAND
8.18 PALAU
8.19 SOLOMON ISLANDS
8.20 THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLAND
8.22 TOKELAU
8.23 TONGA
8.24 TUVALU
8.25 VANUATU
8.26 WALLIS AND FUTUNA
8.27 WESTERN SAMOA
9 THE MIDDLE EAST
9.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
9.2 AFGHANISTAN
9.3 ARMENIA
9.4 AZERBAIJAN
9.5 BAHRAIN
9.6 IRAN
9.7 IRAQ
9.8 ISRAEL
9.9 JORDAN
9.10 KUWAIT
9.11 KYRGYZSTAN
9.12 LEBANON
9.13 OMAN
9.14 PAKISTAN
9.15 PALESTINE
9.16 QATAR
9.17 SAUDI ARABIA
9.18 SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
9.19 TAJIKISTAN
9.20 THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
9.21 TURKEY
9.22 TURKMENISTAN
9.23 UZBEKISTAN
9.24 YEMEN
10 DISCLAIMERS, WARRANTIES, AND USER AGREEMENT PROVISIONS
10.1 DISCLAIMERS & SAFE HARBOR
10.2 ICON GROUP INTERNATIONAL, INC. USER AGREEMENT PROVISIONS
1.1 OVERVIEW
1.2 WHAT IS LATENT DEMAND AND THE P.I.E.?
1.3 THE METHODOLOGY
1.4 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)
2 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
2.1 THE WORLDWIDE MARKET POTENTIAL
3 AFRICA
3.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3.2 ALGERIA
3.3 ANGOLA
3.4 BENIN
3.5 BOTSWANA
3.6 BURKINA FASO
3.7 BURUNDI
3.8 CAMEROON
3.9 CAPE VERDE
3.10 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
3.11 CHAD
3.12 COMOROS
3.13 CONGO (FORMERLY ZAIRE)
3.14 COTE D'IVOIRE
3.15 DJIBOUTI
3.16 EGYPT
3.17 EQUATORIAL GUINEA
3.18 ERITREA
3.19 ETHIOPIA
3.20 GABON
3.21 GHANA
3.22 GUINEA
3.23 GUINEA-BISSAU
3.24 KENYA
3.25 LESOTHO
3.26 LIBERIA
3.27 LIBYA
3.28 MADAGASCAR
3.29 MALAWI
3.30 MALI
3.31 MAURITANIA
3.32 MAURITIUS
3.34 MOROCCO
3.35 MOZAMBIQUE
3.36 NAMIBIA
3.37 NIGER
3.38 NIGERIA
3.39 REPUBLIC OF CONGO
3.40 RWANDA
3.41 SAO TOME E PRINCIPE
3.42 SENEGAL
3.43 SIERRA LEONE
3.44 SOMALIA
3.45 SOUTH AFRICA
3.46 SOUTH SUDAN
3.47 ST. HELENA
3.48 SWAZILAND
3.49 TANZANIA
3.50 THE GAMBIA
3.51 TOGO
3.52 TUNISIA
3.53 UGANDA
3.54 WESTERN SAHARA
3.55 ZAMBIA
3.56 ZIMBABWE
4 ASIA
4.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4.2 BANGLADESH
4.3 BHUTAN
4.4 BRUNEI
4.5 BURMA
4.6 CAMBODIA
4.7 CHINA
4.8 HONG KONG
4.9 INDIA
4.10 INDONESIA
4.11 JAPAN
4.12 LAOS
4.13 MACAU
4.14 MALAYSIA
4.15 MALDIVES
4.16 MONGOLIA
4.17 NEPAL
4.18 NORTH KOREA
4.19 PAPUA NEW GUINEA
4.20 PHILIPPINES
4.21 SEYCHELLES
4.22 SINGAPORE
4.23 SOUTH KOREA
4.24 SRI LANKA
4.25 TAIWAN
4.26 THAILAND
4.27 TIMOR - LESTE, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF
4.28 VIETNAM
5 EUROPE
5.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
5.2 ALBANIA
5.3 ANDORRA
5.4 AUSTRIA
5.5 BELARUS
5.6 BELGIUM
5.7 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
5.8 BULGARIA
5.9 CROATIA
5.10 CYPRUS
5.11 CZECH REPUBLIC
5.12 DENMARK
5.13 ESTONIA
5.14 FINLAND
5.15 FRANCE
5.16 GEORGIA
5.17 GERMANY
5.18 GIBRALTAR
5.19 GREECE
5.20 GUERNSEY
5.21 HUNGARY
5.22 ICELAND
5.23 IRELAND
5.24 ISLE OF MAN
5.25 ITALY
5.26 JERSEY
5.27 KAZAKHSTAN
5.28 KOSOVO
5.29 LATVIA
5.30 LIECHTENSTEIN
5.31 LITHUANIA
5.32 LUXEMBOURG
5.33 MACEDONIA
5.34 MALTA
5.35 MOLDOVA
5.36 MONACO
5.37 MONTENEGRO
5.38 NORWAY
5.39 POLAND
5.40 PORTUGAL
5.41 ROMANIA
5.42 RUSSIA
5.43 SAN MARINO
5.44 SERBIA
5.45 SLOVAKIA
5.46 SLOVENIA
5.47 SPAIN
5.48 SWEDEN
5.49 SWITZERLAND
5.50 THE FAROE ISLANDS
5.51 THE NETHERLANDS
5.52 THE UNITED KINGDOM
5.53 UKRAINE
6 LATIN AMERICA
6.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
6.2 ARGENTINA
6.3 BELIZE
6.4 BOLIVIA
6.5 BRAZIL
6.6 CHILE
6.7 COLOMBIA
6.8 COSTA RICA
6.9 ECUADOR
6.10 EL SALVADOR
6.12 GUATEMALA
6.13 GUYANA
6.14 HONDURAS
6.15 MEXICO
6.16 NICARAGUA
6.17 PANAMA
6.18 PARAGUAY
6.19 PERU
6.20 SURINAME
6.21 THE FALKLAND ISLANDS
6.22 URUGUAY
6.23 VENEZUELA
7 NORTH AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN
7.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
7.2 ANGUILLA
7.3 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
7.4 ARUBA
7.5 BARBADOS
7.6 BERMUDA
7.7 CANADA
7.8 CUBA
7.9 CURACAO
7.10 DOMINICA
7.11 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
7.12 GREENLAND
7.13 GRENADA
7.15 HAITI
7.16 JAMAICA
7.18 MONTSERRAT
7.19 PUERTO RICO
7.20 SINT MAARTEN
7.21 ST PIERRE AND MIQUELON
7.22 ST. KITTS AND NEVIS
7.23 ST. LUCIA
7.24 ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
7.25 THE BAHAMAS
7.26 THE BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS
7.27 THE CAYMAN ISLANDS
7.28 THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS
7.29 THE UNITED STATES
7.30 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
7.31 TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS
8 OCEANIA
8.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
8.2 AMERICAN SAMOA
8.3 AUSTRALIA
8.4 CHRISTMAS ISLAND
8.6 COOK ISLANDS
8.7 FIJI
8.8 FRENCH POLYNESIA
8.9 GUAM
8.10 KIRIBATI
8.11 MARSHALL ISLANDS
8.12 MICRONESIA FEDERATION
8.13 NAURU
8.14 NEW CALEDONIA
8.15 NEW ZEALAND
8.16 NIUE
8.17 NORFOLK ISLAND
8.18 PALAU
8.19 SOLOMON ISLANDS
8.20 THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLAND
8.22 TOKELAU
8.23 TONGA
8.24 TUVALU
8.25 VANUATU
8.26 WALLIS AND FUTUNA
8.27 WESTERN SAMOA
9 THE MIDDLE EAST
9.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
9.2 AFGHANISTAN
9.3 ARMENIA
9.4 AZERBAIJAN
9.5 BAHRAIN
9.6 IRAN
9.7 IRAQ
9.8 ISRAEL
9.9 JORDAN
9.10 KUWAIT
9.11 KYRGYZSTAN
9.12 LEBANON
9.13 OMAN
9.14 PAKISTAN
9.15 PALESTINE
9.16 QATAR
9.17 SAUDI ARABIA
9.18 SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
9.19 TAJIKISTAN
9.20 THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
9.21 TURKEY
9.22 TURKMENISTAN
9.23 UZBEKISTAN
9.24 YEMEN
10 DISCLAIMERS, WARRANTIES, AND USER AGREEMENT PROVISIONS
10.1 DISCLAIMERS & SAFE HARBOR
10.2 ICON GROUP INTERNATIONAL, INC. USER AGREEMENT PROVISIONS
