Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Market Research Report 2021

July 2016 | 102 pages | ID: GB9AE47DC6FEN
QYResearch

Abstracts

This report studies Stevia/Stevia Rebaudiana in Global market, especially in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India, focuses on top manufacturers in global market, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each manufacturer, covering

• Cargill Inc.
• Cumberland Packing Corp.
• Evolva Holding SA
• Groupe DANONE
• Ingredion Inc.
• Whole Earth Sweetener Company Llc
• Mulder Natural Foods N.V
• Nature’s Bounty Inc.
• Nestle S.A
• Odwalla Inc
• Pepsi Co.
• Pure Circle Ltd
• S&W Seed Company
• Stevia Corp
• Sunwin Stevia International Inc.
• Sweet Green Fields LLC
• Sweetlife Stevia Sweetener
• Tate & Lyle plc
• White Wave Foods Co.
• Whole Earth Sweetener Co.
• Wild Flavors Inc.
• Xinghua Green Biological Preparation Co. Ltd.
• GLG Life Tech Corporation
• Stevia First Corporation

Market Segment by Regions, this report splits Global into several key Region, with production, consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate of Stevia/Stevia Rebaudiana in these regions, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like

• North America
• China
• Europe
• Japan
• India
• Southeast Asia

Split by product type, with production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into

• Liquid
• Powdered
• Type III

Split by application, this report focuses on consumption, market share and growth rate of Stevia/Stevia Rebaudiana in each application, can be divided into

• Dairy Foods
• Bakery
• Bottled & Canned Food
• Snacks
• Beverages Industry
• Others

Contents

Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Market Research Report 2021

1 STEVIA / STEVIA REBAUDIANA OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana
1.2 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Segment by Types
  1.2.1 Global Production Market Share of Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana by Type in 2015
  1.2.2 Liquid Overview and Price
    1.2.2.1 Liquid Overview
    1.2.2.2 Liquid Price List in 2015 and 2016
  1.2.3 Powdered
    1.2.3.1 Powdered Overview
    1.2.3.2 Powdered Price List in 2015 and 2016
  1.2.4 Type III
    1.2.4.1 Type I Overview
    1.2.4.2 Type I Price List in 2015 and 2016
1.3 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Segment by Application
  1.3.1 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
  1.3.2 Dairy Foods and Major Clients (Buyers) List
  1.3.3 Bakery and Major Clients (Buyers) List
  1.3.4 Bottled & Canned Food and Major Clients (Buyers) List
  1.3.5 Snacks and Major Clients (Buyers) List
  1.3.6 Beverages Industry and Major Clients (Buyers) List
  1.3.7 Others and Major Clients (Buyers) List
1.4 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Market by Region
  1.4.1 North America Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.2 China Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.3 Europe Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.4 Japan Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.5 India Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.6 Southeast Asia Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.5 Global Market Size (Value and Volume) of Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana (2011-2021)
  1.5.1 Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Sales and Revenue (2011-2021)
  1.5.2 Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
  1.5.3 Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

2 GLOBAL STEVIA / STEVIA REBAUDIANA MARKET COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS

2.1 Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.3 Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Average Price by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.4 Manufacturers Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Manufacturing Base Distribution and Product Type
2.5 Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.5.1 Expansions
  2.5.2 New Product Launches
  2.5.3 Acquisitions
  2.5.4 Other Developments

3 GLOBAL STEVIA / STEVIA REBAUDIANA ANALYSIS BY REGION

3.1 Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Market Share by Region (2011-2021)
  3.1.1 Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production Market Share by Region (2011-2021)
  3.1.2 Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Revenue Market Share by Region (2011-2021)
3.2 Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption by Region (2011-2021)
3.3 North America
  3.3.1 North America Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Price (2011-2021)
  3.3.2 North America Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
3.4 Europe
  3.4.1 Europe Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Price (2011-2021)
  3.4.2 Europe Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
3.5 China
  3.5.1 China Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Price (2011-2021)
  3.5.2 China Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
3.6 Japan
  3.6.1 Japan Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Price (2011-2021)
  3.6.2 Japan Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
3.7 India
  3.7.1 India Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Price (2011-2021)
  3.7.2 India Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
3.8 Southeast Asia
  3.8.1 Southeast Asia Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Price (2011-2021)
  3.8.2 Southeast Asia Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

4 GLOBAL STEVIA / STEVIA REBAUDIANA ANALYSIS BY TYPE

4.1 Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Market Share and Growth Rate by Type (2011-2021)
  4.1.1 Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production and Market Share by Type (2011-2021)
  4.1.2 Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Revenue, Market Share and Growth Rate by Type (2011-2021)
4.2 Liquid Production, Revenue, Price and Growth (2011-2021)
4.3 Powdered Production, Revenue, Price and Growth (2011-2021)
4.4 Type III Production, Revenue, Price and Growth (2011-2021)

5 GLOBAL STEVIA / STEVIA REBAUDIANA MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption and Market Share by Application (2011-2021)
5.2 Major Regions Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption by Application in 2015 and 2016
  5.2.1 North America Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption by Application
  5.2.2 Europe Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption by Application
  5.2.3 China Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption by Application
  5.2.4 Japan Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption by Application
  5.2.5 India Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption by Application
  5.2.6 Southeast Asia Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption by Application
5.3 Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2021)
5.4 Market Drivers and Opportunities
  5.4.1 Potential Applications
  5.4.2 Emerging Markets/Countries

6 GLOBAL STEVIA / STEVIA REBAUDIANA MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS

6.1 Cargill Inc.
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Product Type and Technology
    6.1.2.1 Liquid
    6.1.2.2 Powdered
    6.1.2.3 Type III
  6.1.3 Agriculture Industry Production, Revenue, Price of Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana (2015 and 2016)
6.2 Cumberland Packing Corp.
  6.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.2.2 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Product Type and Technology
    6.2.2.1 Liquid
    6.2.2.2 Powdered
    6.2.2.3 Type III
  6.2.3 Cumberland Packing Corp. Production, Revenue, Price of Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana (2015 and 2016)
6.3 Evolva Holding SA
  6.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.3.2 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Product Type and Technology
    6.3.2.1 Liquid
    6.3.2.2 Powdered
    6.3.2.3 Type III
  6.3.3 Evolva Holding SA Production, Revenue, Price of Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana (2015 and 2016)
6.4 Groupe DANONE
  6.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.4.2 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Product Type and Technology
    6.4.2.1 Liquid
    6.4.2.2 Powdered
  6.4.3 Groupe DANONE Production, Revenue, Price of Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana (2015 and 2016)
6.5 Ingredion Inc.
  6.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.5.2 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Product Type and Technology
    6.5.2.1 Liquid
    6.5.2.2 Powdered
  6.5.3 Ingredion Inc. Production, Revenue, Price of Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana (2015 and 2016)
6.6 Whole Earth Sweetener Company Llc
  6.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.6.2 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Product Type and Technology
    6.6.2.1 Liquid
    6.6.2.2 Powdered
  6.6.3 Whole Earth Sweetener Company Llc Production, Revenue, Price of Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana (2015 and 2016)
6.7 Mulder Natural Foods N.V
  6.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.7.2 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Product Type and Technology
    6.7.2.1 Liquid
    6.7.2.2 Powdered
  6.7.3 Mulder Natural Foods N.V Production, Revenue, Price of Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana (2015 and 2016)
6.8 Nature’s Bounty Inc.
  6.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.8.2 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Product Type and Technology
    6.8.2.1 Liquid
    6.8.2.2 Powdered
  6.8.3 Nature’s Bounty Inc. Production, Revenue, Price of Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana (2015 and 2016)
6.9 Nestle S.A
  6.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.9.2 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Product Type and Technology
    6.9.2.1 Liquid
    6.9.2.2 Powdered
  6.9.3 Nestle S.A Production, Revenue, Price of Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana (2015 and 2016)
6.10 Odwalla Inc
  6.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.10.2 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Product Type and Technology
    6.10.2.1 Liquid
    6.10.2.2 Powdered
  6.10.3 Odwalla Inc Production, Revenue, Price of Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana (2015 and 2016)
6.11 Pepsi Co.
6.12 Pure Circle Ltd
6.13 S&W Seed Company
6.14 Stevia Corp
6.15 Sunwin Stevia International Inc.
6.16 Sweet Green Fields LLC
6.17 Sweetlife Stevia Sweetener
6.18 Tate & Lyle plc
6.19 White Wave Foods Co.
6.20 Whole Earth Sweetener Co.
6.21 Wild Flavors Inc.
6.22 Xinghua Green Biological Preparation Co. Ltd.
6.23 GLG Life Tech Corporation
6.24 Stevia First Corporation

7 STEVIA / STEVIA REBAUDIANA TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT TREND

7.1 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Technology Analysis
7.2 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Technology Development Trend

8 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana
Figure Global Production Market Share of Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana by Type in 2015
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Product Types of by Manufacturers
Figure Product Picture of Liquid
Table Liquid Price List in 2015 and 2016
Figure Product Picture of Powdered
Table Powdered Price List in 2015 and 2016
Figure Product Picture of Type III
Table Type III Price List in 2015 and 2016
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2015 and 2016
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Major Clients (Buyers) List in Dairy Foods
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Major Clients (Buyers) List in Bakery
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Major Clients (Buyers) List in Bottled & Canned Food
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Major Clients (Buyers) List in Snacks
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Major Clients (Buyers) List in Beverages Industry
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Major Clients (Buyers) List in Others
Figure North America Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure North America Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure China Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure China Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Japan Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Japan Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure India Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure India Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production and Revenue (2011-2021)
Figure Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Revenue by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Market Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Average Price of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Manufacturers Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Manufacturing Base Distribution and Product Type
Table Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production Market by Region (2011-2021)
Figure Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production Market by Region (2011-2021)
Figure Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production Market Share by Region (2011-2021)
Table Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Revenue Market by Region (2011-2021)
Table Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Revenue Market Share by Region (2011-2021)
Table Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption Market by Region (2011-2021)
Table Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption Market Share by Region (2011-2021)
Figure Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption Market Share by Region (2011-2021)
Table North America Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Price (2011-2021)
Figure North America Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Europe Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Price (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table China Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Price (2011-2021)
Figure China Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Japan Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Price (2011-2021)
Figure Japan Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table India Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Price (2011-2021)
Figure India Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Southeast Asia Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Price (2011-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production by Type (2011-2021)
Table Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production Share by Type (2011-2021)
Figure Production Market Share of Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana by Type (2011-2021)
Figure Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production Growth Rate by Type (2011-2021)
Table Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Revenue by Type (2011-2021)
Table Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Revenue Share by Type (2011-2021)
Figure Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2011-2021)
Figure Liquid Production, Revenue and Growth (2011-2021)
Figure Liquid Price Trend (2011-2021)
Figure Powdered Production, Revenue and Growth (2011-2021)
Figure Powdered Price Trend (2011-2021)
Figure Type III Production, Revenue and Growth (2011-2021)
Figure Type III Price Trend (2011-2021)
Table Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption by Application (2011-2021)
Table Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption Market Share by Application (2011-2021)
Figure Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
Figure Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption Market Share by Application in 2021
Table North America Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table China Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Japan Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table India Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Southeast Asia Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2021)
Figure Global Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2021)
Table Cargill Inc. Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Cargill Inc. (2015 and 2016)
Table Cumberland Packing Corp. Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Cumberland Packing Corp. (2015 and 2016)
Table Evolva Holding SA Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Evolva Holding SA (2015 and 2016)
Table Groupe DANONE Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Groupe DANONE (2015 and 2016)
Table Ingredion Inc. Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Ingredion Inc. (2015 and 2016)
Table Whole Earth Sweetener Company Llc Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Whole Earth Sweetener Company Llc (2015 and 2016)
Table Mulder Natural Foods N.V Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Mulder Natural Foods N.V (2015 and 2016)
Table Nature’s Bounty Inc. Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Nature’s Bounty Inc. (2015 and 2016)
Table Nestle S.A Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Nestle S.A (2015 and 2016)
Table Odwalla Inc Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Odwalla Inc (2015 and 2016)
Table Pepsi Co. Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Pepsi Co. (2015 and 2016)
Table Pure Circle Ltd Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Pure Circle Ltd (2015 and 2016)
Table S&W Seed Company Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of S&W Seed Company (2015 and 2016)
Table Stevia Corp Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Stevia Corp (2015 and 2016)
Table Sunwin Stevia International Inc. Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Sunwin Stevia International Inc. (2015 and 2016)
Table Sweet Green Fields LLC Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Sweet Green Fields LLC (2015 and 2016)
Table Sweetlife Stevia Sweetener Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Sweetlife Stevia Sweetener (2015 and 2016)
Table Tate & Lyle plc Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Tate & Lyle plc (2015 and 2016)
Table White Wave Foods Co. Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of White Wave Foods Co. (2015 and 2016)
Table Whole Earth Sweetener Co. Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Whole Earth Sweetener Co. (2015 and 2016)
Table Wild Flavors Inc. Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Wild Flavors Inc. (2015 and 2016)
Table Xinghua Green Biological Preparation Co. Ltd. Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Xinghua Green Biological Preparation Co. Ltd. (2015 and 2016)
Table GLG Life Tech Corporation Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of GLG Life Tech Corporation (2015 and 2016)
Table Stevia First Corporation Basic Information List
Table Stevia / Stevia Rebaudiana Production, Revenue, Price of Stevia First Corporation (2015 and 2016)