United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market Report 2018

March 2018 | 105 pages | ID: UA362BA53B8EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

In this report, the United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor market is valued at USD XX million in 2017 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2017 and 2025.

Geographically, this report splits the United States market into seven regions:

• The West
• Southwest
• The Middle Atlantic
• New England
• The South
• The Midwest
• with sales (volume), revenue (value), market share and growth rate of Home-use Baby Movement Monitor in these regions, from 2013 to 2025 (forecast).

United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor market competition by top manufacturers/players, with Home-use Baby Movement Monitor sales volume, price, revenue (Million USD) and market share for each manufacturer/player; the top players including

• Angelcare
• Hisense
• Snuza
• Mayborn
• Jablotron
• Mattel
• iBabyGuard
• Respisense
• Rest Devices
• Owlet Baby Care
• SafeToSleep
• Exmovere
• TOMY
• MonDevices

On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• Diaper Attachment Format
• Under-the-mattress Format
• Smart Wearable Format

On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate for each application, including

• Online Retailers
• Offline Retailers

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market Report 2018

1 HOME-USE BABY MOVEMENT MONITOR OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Home-use Baby Movement Monitor
1.2 Classification of Home-use Baby Movement Monitor by Product Category
  1.2.1 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market Size (Sales Volume) Comparison by Type (2013-2025)
  1.2.2 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market Size (Sales Volume) Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2017
  1.2.3 Diaper Attachment Format
  1.2.4 Under-the-mattress Format
  1.2.5 Smart Wearable Format
1.3 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market Size (Consumption) and Market Share Comparison by Application (2013-2025)
  1.3.2 Online Retailers
  1.3.3 Offline Retailers
1.4 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market by Region
  1.4.1 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market Size (Value) Comparison by Region (2013-2025)
  1.4.2 The West Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.3 Southwest Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.4 The Middle Atlantic Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.5 New England Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.6 The South Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.7 The Midwest Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
1.5 United States Market Size (Value and Volume) of Home-use Baby Movement Monitor (2013-2025)
  1.5.1 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
  1.5.2 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2025)

2 UNITED STATES HOME-USE BABY MOVEMENT MONITOR MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS

2.1 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
2.2 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue and Share by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
2.3 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Average Price by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
2.4 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Suppliers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in United States Market
2.5 United States Players/Suppliers Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type

3 UNITED STATES HOME-USE BABY MOVEMENT MONITOR SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2013-2018)

3.1 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
3.2 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
3.3 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Price by Region (2013-2018)

4 UNITED STATES HOME-USE BABY MOVEMENT MONITOR SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY TYPE (PRODUCT CATEGORY) (2013-2018)

4.1 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales and Market Share by Type (Product Category) (2013-2018)
4.2 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
4.3 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Price by Type (2013-2018)
4.4 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Growth Rate by Type (2013-2018)

5 UNITED STATES HOME-USE BABY MOVEMENT MONITOR SALES (VOLUME) BY APPLICATION (2013-2018)

5.1 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
5.2 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 UNITED STATES HOME-USE BABY MOVEMENT MONITOR PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

6.1 Angelcare
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.1.2.1 Product A
    6.1.2.2 Product B
  6.1.3 Angelcare Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 Hisense
  6.2.2 Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.2.2.1 Product A
    6.2.2.2 Product B
  6.2.3 Hisense Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 Snuza
  6.3.2 Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.3.2.1 Product A
    6.3.2.2 Product B
  6.3.3 Snuza Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 Mayborn
  6.4.2 Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.4.2.1 Product A
    6.4.2.2 Product B
  6.4.3 Mayborn Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 Jablotron
  6.5.2 Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.5.2.1 Product A
    6.5.2.2 Product B
  6.5.3 Jablotron Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 Mattel
  6.6.2 Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.6.2.1 Product A
    6.6.2.2 Product B
  6.6.3 Mattel Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 iBabyGuard
  6.7.2 Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.7.2.1 Product A
    6.7.2.2 Product B
  6.7.3 iBabyGuard Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 Respisense
  6.8.2 Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.8.2.1 Product A
    6.8.2.2 Product B
  6.8.3 Respisense Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 Rest Devices
  6.9.2 Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.9.2.1 Product A
    6.9.2.2 Product B
  6.9.3 Rest Devices Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.10 Owlet Baby Care
  6.10.2 Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.10.2.1 Product A
    6.10.2.2 Product B
  6.10.3 Owlet Baby Care Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.11 SafeToSleep
6.12 Exmovere
6.13 TOMY
6.14 MonDevices

7 HOME-USE BABY MOVEMENT MONITOR MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

7.1 Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Key Raw Materials Analysis
  7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  7.2.1 Raw Materials
  7.2.2 Labor Cost
  7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Home-use Baby Movement Monitor

8 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

8.1 Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Major Manufacturers in 2017
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

9.1 Marketing Channel
  9.1.1 Direct Marketing
  9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
  9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  9.2.2 Brand Strategy
  9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 UNITED STATES HOME-USE BABY MOVEMENT MONITOR MARKET SIZE (VALUE AND VOLUME) FORECAST (2018-2025)

11.1 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Volume, Revenue Forecast (2018-2025)
11.2 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
11.3 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Volume Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
11.4 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2018-2025)

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

13 APPENDIX

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
  13.2.1 Secondary Sources
  13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Product Picture of Home-use Baby Movement Monitor
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market Size (K Units) by Type (2013-2025)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Volume Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2017
Figure Diaper Attachment Format Product Picture
Figure Under-the-mattress Format Product Picture
Figure Smart Wearable Format Product Picture
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market Size (K Units) by Application (2013-2025)
Figure United States Sales Market Share of Home-use Baby Movement Monitor by Application in 2017
Figure Online Retailers Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Online Retailers
Figure Offline Retailers Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Offline Retailers
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market Size (Million USD) by Region (2013-2025)
Figure The West Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure Southwest Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure The Middle Atlantic Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure New England Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure The South of US Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure The Midwest Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market Major Players Product Sales Volume (K Units) (2013-2018)
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales (K Units) of Key Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Share by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market Major Players Product Revenue (Million USD) (2013-2018)
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue (Million USD) by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Table United States Market Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Figure United States Market Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers in 2017
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market Share of Top 3 Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Market Share of Top 5 Players/Suppliers
Table United States Players/Suppliers Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table United States Players/Suppliers Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Product Category
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales (K Units) by Region (2013-2018)
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Market Share by Region in 2017
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue Market Share by Region in 2017
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Price (USD/Unit) by Region (2013-2018)
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales (K Units) by Type (2013-2018)
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Market Share by Type in 2017
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Home-use Baby Movement Monitor by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Home-use Baby Movement Monitor by Type in 2017
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Price (USD/Unit) by Types (2013-2018)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Growth Rate by Type (2013-2018)
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales (K Units) by Application (2013-2018)
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Market Share by Application in 2017
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
Table Angelcare Basic Information List
Table Angelcare Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Angelcare Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Angelcare Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Angelcare Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Hisense Basic Information List
Table Hisense Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Hisense Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Hisense Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Hisense Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Snuza Basic Information List
Table Snuza Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Snuza Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Snuza Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Snuza Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Mayborn Basic Information List
Table Mayborn Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Mayborn Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Mayborn Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Mayborn Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Jablotron Basic Information List
Table Jablotron Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Jablotron Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Jablotron Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Jablotron Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Mattel Basic Information List
Table Mattel Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Mattel Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Mattel Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Mattel Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table iBabyGuard Basic Information List
Table iBabyGuard Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure iBabyGuard Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure iBabyGuard Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure iBabyGuard Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Respisense Basic Information List
Table Respisense Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Respisense Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Respisense Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Respisense Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Rest Devices Basic Information List
Table Rest Devices Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Rest Devices Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Rest Devices Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Rest Devices Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Owlet Baby Care Basic Information List
Table Owlet Baby Care Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Owlet Baby Care Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Owlet Baby Care Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Owlet Baby Care Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table SafeToSleep Basic Information List
Table Exmovere Basic Information List
Table TOMY Basic Information List
Table MonDevices Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Home-use Baby Movement Monitor
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Home-use Baby Movement Monitor
Figure Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Major Players/Suppliers in 2017
Table Major Buyers of Home-use Baby Movement Monitor
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Price (USD/Unit) Trend Forecast (2018-2025)
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type in 2025
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application in 2025
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Region (2018-2025)
Table United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2018-2025)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2018-2025)
Figure United States Home-use Baby Movement Monitor Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region in 2025
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources