Global Hand Sanitizer Market Research Report 2012-2024
SUMMARY
Hand sanitizer is cleaning products applied on hands, composed of surfactant and various additives. It is a necessary consumption for people’s daily life and industrial application.
The global Hand Sanitizer market will reach xxx Million USD in 2019 with CAGR xx% 2019-2024. The objective of report is to define, segment, and project the market on the basis of product type, application, and region, and to describe the content about the factors influencing market dynamics, policy, economic, technology and market entry etc.
Based on products type, the report describes major products type share of regional market. Products mentioned as follows:
Hand sanitizer is cleaning products applied on hands, composed of surfactant and various additives. It is a necessary consumption for people’s daily life and industrial application.
The global Hand Sanitizer market will reach xxx Million USD in 2019 with CAGR xx% 2019-2024. The objective of report is to define, segment, and project the market on the basis of product type, application, and region, and to describe the content about the factors influencing market dynamics, policy, economic, technology and market entry etc.
Based on products type, the report describes major products type share of regional market. Products mentioned as follows:
- Waterless type
- Ordinary type
- Other type
- Reckitt Benckiser
- P&G
- Unilever
- Amway
- 3M
- Lion Corporation
- Medline
- Vi-Jon
- Henkel
- Chattem
- GOJO Industries
- Kao
- Bluemoon
- Weilai
- Kami
- Magic
- Shanghai Jahwa Corporation
- Beijing Lvsan
- Longrich
- Medical use
- Daily use
- Asia-Pacific
- North America
- Europe
- South America
- Middle East & Africa
1 MARKET OVERVIEW
1.1 Objectives of Research
1.1.1 Definition
1.1.2 Specifications
1.2 Market Segment
1.2.1 by Type
1.2.1.1 Waterless type
1.2.1.2 Ordinary type
1.2.1.3 Other type
1.2.2 by Application
1.2.2.1 Medical use
1.2.2.2 Daily use
1.2.3 by Regions
2 INDUSTRY CHAIN
2.1 Industry Chain Structure
2.2 Upstream
2.3 Market
2.3.1 SWOT
2.3.2 Dynamics
3 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
3.1 Policy
3.2 Economic
3.3 Technology
3.4 Market Entry
4 MARKET SEGMENTATION BY TYPE
4.1 Market Size
4.1.1 Waterless type Market, 2013-2018
4.1.2 Ordinary type Market, 2013-2018
4.1.3 Other type Market, 2013-2018
4.2 Market Forecast
4.2.1 Waterless type Market Forecast, 2019-2024
4.2.2 Ordinary type Market Forecast, 2019-2024
4.2.3 Other type Market Forecast, 2019-2024
5 MARKET SEGMENTATION BY APPLICATION
5.1 Market Size
5.1.1 Medical use Market, 2013-2018
5.1.2 Daily use Market, 2013-2018
5.2 Market Forecast
5.2.1 Medical use Market Forecast, 2019-2024
5.2.2 Daily use Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6 MARKET SEGMENTATION BY REGION
6.1 Market Size
6.1.1 Asia-Pacific
6.1.1.1 Asia-Pacific Market, 2012-2018
6.1.1.2 Asia-Pacific Market by Type
6.1.1.3 Asia-Pacific Market by Application
6.1.2 North America
6.1.2.1 North America Market, 2012-2018
6.1.2.2 North America Market by Type
6.1.2.3 North America Market by Application
6.1.3 Europe
6.1.3.1 Europe Market, 2012-2018
6.1.3.2 Europe Market by Type
6.1.3.3 Europe Market by Application
6.1.4 South America
6.1.4.1 South America Market, 2012-2018
6.1.4.2 South America Market by Type
6.1.4.3 South America Market by Application
6.1.5 Middle East & Africa
6.1.5.1 Middle East & Africa Market, 2012-2018
6.1.5.2 Middle East & Africa Market by Type
6.1.5.3 Middle East & Africa Market by Application
6.2 Market Forecast
6.2.1 Asia-Pacific Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6.2.2 North America Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6.2.3 Europe Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6.2.4 South America Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6.2.5 Middle East & Africa Market Forecast, 2019-2024
7 MARKET COMPETITIVE
7.1 Global Market by Vendors
7.2 Market Concentration
7.3 Price & Factors
7.4 Marketing Channel
8 MAJOR VENDORS
8.1 Reckitt Benckiser
8.2 P&G
8.3 Unilever
8.4 Amway
8.5 3M
8.6 Lion Corporation
8.7 Medline
8.8 Vi-Jon
8.9 Henkel
8.10 Chattem
8.11 GOJO Industries
8.12 Kao
8.13 Bluemoon
8.14 Weilai
8.15 Kami
8.16 Magic
8.17 Shanghai Jahwa Corporation
8.18 Beijing Lvsan
8.19 Longrich
9 CONCLUSION
1.1 Objectives of Research
1.1.1 Definition
1.1.2 Specifications
1.2 Market Segment
1.2.1 by Type
1.2.1.1 Waterless type
1.2.1.2 Ordinary type
1.2.1.3 Other type
1.2.2 by Application
1.2.2.1 Medical use
1.2.2.2 Daily use
1.2.3 by Regions
2 INDUSTRY CHAIN
2.1 Industry Chain Structure
2.2 Upstream
2.3 Market
2.3.1 SWOT
2.3.2 Dynamics
3 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
3.1 Policy
3.2 Economic
3.3 Technology
3.4 Market Entry
4 MARKET SEGMENTATION BY TYPE
4.1 Market Size
4.1.1 Waterless type Market, 2013-2018
4.1.2 Ordinary type Market, 2013-2018
4.1.3 Other type Market, 2013-2018
4.2 Market Forecast
4.2.1 Waterless type Market Forecast, 2019-2024
4.2.2 Ordinary type Market Forecast, 2019-2024
4.2.3 Other type Market Forecast, 2019-2024
5 MARKET SEGMENTATION BY APPLICATION
5.1 Market Size
5.1.1 Medical use Market, 2013-2018
5.1.2 Daily use Market, 2013-2018
5.2 Market Forecast
5.2.1 Medical use Market Forecast, 2019-2024
5.2.2 Daily use Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6 MARKET SEGMENTATION BY REGION
6.1 Market Size
6.1.1 Asia-Pacific
6.1.1.1 Asia-Pacific Market, 2012-2018
6.1.1.2 Asia-Pacific Market by Type
6.1.1.3 Asia-Pacific Market by Application
6.1.2 North America
6.1.2.1 North America Market, 2012-2018
6.1.2.2 North America Market by Type
6.1.2.3 North America Market by Application
6.1.3 Europe
6.1.3.1 Europe Market, 2012-2018
6.1.3.2 Europe Market by Type
6.1.3.3 Europe Market by Application
6.1.4 South America
6.1.4.1 South America Market, 2012-2018
6.1.4.2 South America Market by Type
6.1.4.3 South America Market by Application
6.1.5 Middle East & Africa
6.1.5.1 Middle East & Africa Market, 2012-2018
6.1.5.2 Middle East & Africa Market by Type
6.1.5.3 Middle East & Africa Market by Application
6.2 Market Forecast
6.2.1 Asia-Pacific Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6.2.2 North America Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6.2.3 Europe Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6.2.4 South America Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6.2.5 Middle East & Africa Market Forecast, 2019-2024
7 MARKET COMPETITIVE
7.1 Global Market by Vendors
7.2 Market Concentration
7.3 Price & Factors
7.4 Marketing Channel
8 MAJOR VENDORS
8.1 Reckitt Benckiser
8.2 P&G
8.3 Unilever
8.4 Amway
8.5 3M
8.6 Lion Corporation
8.7 Medline
8.8 Vi-Jon
8.9 Henkel
8.10 Chattem
8.11 GOJO Industries
8.12 Kao
8.13 Bluemoon
8.14 Weilai
8.15 Kami
8.16 Magic
8.17 Shanghai Jahwa Corporation
8.18 Beijing Lvsan
8.19 Longrich
9 CONCLUSION
LIST OF TABLES
Table Product Specifications of Hand Sanitizer
Table Products Segment of Hand Sanitizer
Table Waterless type Overview
Table Ordinary type Overview
Table Other type Overview
Table Global Hand Sanitizer Market by Type, 2011-2022 (USD Million)
Table Application Segment of Hand Sanitizer
Table Medical use Overview
Table Daily use Overview
Table Global Hand Sanitizer Market by Application, 2011-2022 (USD Million)
Table Global Hand Sanitizer Market by Region, 2011-2022 (USD Million)
Table Cost of Hand Sanitizer
Table Market Dynamics
Table Policy of Hand Sanitizer
Table GDP of Major Countries
Table Waterless type CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Ordinary type CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Other type CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Waterless type CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2024
Table Ordinary type CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2024
Table Other type CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2024
Table Medical use CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Daily use CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Global Hand Sanitizer Market by Vendors, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Table Global Hand Sanitizer Market by Vendors, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Table Global Hand Sanitizer Market Share by Vendors, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Table Global Hand Sanitizer Market Share by Vendors, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Table Price Factors List
Table Reckitt Benckiser Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Reckitt Benckiser (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table P&G Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of P&G (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Unilever Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Unilever (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Amway Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Amway (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table 3M Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of 3M (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Lion Corporation Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Lion Corporation (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Medline Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Medline (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Vi-Jon Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Vi-Jon (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Henkel Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Henkel (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Chattem Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Chattem (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table GOJO Industries Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of GOJO Industries (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Kao Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Kao (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Bluemoon Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Bluemoon (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Weilai Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Weilai (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Kami Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Kami (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Magic Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Magic (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Shanghai Jahwa Corporation Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Shanghai Jahwa Corporation (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Beijing Lvsan Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Beijing Lvsan (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Longrich Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Longrich (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Product Specifications of Hand Sanitizer
Table Products Segment of Hand Sanitizer
Table Waterless type Overview
Table Ordinary type Overview
Table Other type Overview
Table Global Hand Sanitizer Market by Type, 2011-2022 (USD Million)
Table Application Segment of Hand Sanitizer
Table Medical use Overview
Table Daily use Overview
Table Global Hand Sanitizer Market by Application, 2011-2022 (USD Million)
Table Global Hand Sanitizer Market by Region, 2011-2022 (USD Million)
Table Cost of Hand Sanitizer
Table Market Dynamics
Table Policy of Hand Sanitizer
Table GDP of Major Countries
Table Waterless type CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Ordinary type CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Other type CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Waterless type CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2024
Table Ordinary type CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2024
Table Other type CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2024
Table Medical use CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Daily use CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Global Hand Sanitizer Market by Vendors, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Table Global Hand Sanitizer Market by Vendors, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Table Global Hand Sanitizer Market Share by Vendors, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Table Global Hand Sanitizer Market Share by Vendors, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Table Price Factors List
Table Reckitt Benckiser Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Reckitt Benckiser (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table P&G Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of P&G (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Unilever Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Unilever (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Amway Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Amway (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table 3M Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of 3M (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Lion Corporation Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Lion Corporation (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Medline Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Medline (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Vi-Jon Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Vi-Jon (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Henkel Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Henkel (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Chattem Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Chattem (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table GOJO Industries Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of GOJO Industries (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Kao Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Kao (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Bluemoon Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Bluemoon (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Weilai Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Weilai (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Kami Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Kami (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Magic Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Magic (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Shanghai Jahwa Corporation Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Shanghai Jahwa Corporation (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Beijing Lvsan Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Beijing Lvsan (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Longrich Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Longrich (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Hand Sanitizer Picture
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Hand Sanitizer
Figure SWOT of Hand Sanitizer
Figure Waterless type Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Waterless type Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Ordinary type Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Ordinary type Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Other type Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Other type Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Waterless type Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Waterless type Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Ordinary type Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Ordinary type Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Other type Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Other type Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Medical use Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Daily use Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size by Type
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Share by Type
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size by Application
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Share by Application
Figure North America Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure North America Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure North America Market Size by Type
Figure North America Market Share by Type
Figure North America Market Size by Application
Figure North America Market Share by Application
Figure Europe Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Europe Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Europe Market Size by Type
Figure Europe Market Share by Type
Figure Europe Market Size by Application
Figure Europe Market Share by Application
Figure South America Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure South America Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure South America Market Size by Type
Figure South America Market Share by Type
Figure South America Market Size by Application
Figure South America Market Share by Application
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size by Type
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Share by Type
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size by Application
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Share by Application
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure North America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure North America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Europe Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Europe Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure South America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure South America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Hand Sanitizer Market Concentration by Region
Figure Marketing Channels Overview
Figure Hand Sanitizer Picture
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Hand Sanitizer
Figure SWOT of Hand Sanitizer
Figure Waterless type Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Waterless type Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Ordinary type Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Ordinary type Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Other type Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Other type Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Waterless type Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Waterless type Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Ordinary type Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Ordinary type Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Other type Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Other type Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Medical use Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Daily use Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size by Type
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Share by Type
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size by Application
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Share by Application
Figure North America Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure North America Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure North America Market Size by Type
Figure North America Market Share by Type
Figure North America Market Size by Application
Figure North America Market Share by Application
Figure Europe Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Europe Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Europe Market Size by Type
Figure Europe Market Share by Type
Figure Europe Market Size by Application
Figure Europe Market Share by Application
Figure South America Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure South America Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure South America Market Size by Type
Figure South America Market Share by Type
Figure South America Market Size by Application
Figure South America Market Share by Application
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size by Type
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Share by Type
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size by Application
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Share by Application
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure North America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure North America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Europe Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Europe Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure South America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure South America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Hand Sanitizer Market Concentration by Region
Figure Marketing Channels Overview
