China Ride-on Toys Market Research Report 2018

March 2018 | 111 pages | ID: C8A82A9B2F5EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

The global Ride-on Toys market is valued at XX million USD in 2016 and is expected to reach XX million USD by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022.

China plays an important role in global market, with market size of xx million USD in 2016 and will be xx million USD in 2022, with a CAGR of xx%.

This report studies the Ride-on Toys development status and future trend in China, focuses on top players in China, also splits Ride-on Toys by type and by applications, to fully and deeply research and reveal the market general situation and future forecast.

The major players in China market include

• Fisher-price
• Toysrus
• Car-toy
• Collectablediecast
• KidsRideOnVehicles
• John deere
• National Products
• Kidswheels
• New star
• Kidtraxtoys
• Peg Perego
• Razor

Geographically, this report splits the China market into six regions,

• South China
• East China
• Southwest China
• Northeast China
• North China
• Central China
• Northwest China

On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume (K Units), revenue (Million USD), product price (USD/Unit), market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• Car
• Dirt Bike
• Jeep
• Motorcycle
• Racers
• Scooter
• SUV

On the basis of the end users/application, this report covers

• 12 Years and Up
• 14 Years and Up
• 16 Years and Up
• 18 – 36 Months
• 2 – 4 Years
• 3 – 5 Years
• 5 – 8 Years
• 8 – 12 Years

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

China Ride-on Toys Market Research Report 2017

1 RIDE-ON TOYS OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Ride-on Toys
1.2 Classification of Ride-on Toys by Product Category
  1.2.1 China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) Comparison by Type (2012-2022)
  1.2.2 China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) Market Share by Type in 2016
  1.2.3 Car
  1.2.4 Dirt Bike
  1.2.5 Jeep
  1.2.6 Motorcycle
  1.2.7 Racers
  1.2.8 Scooter
  1.2.9 SUV
1.3 China Ride-on Toys Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Market Share Comparison by Applications (2012-2022)
  1.3.2 12 Years and Up
  1.3.3 14 Years and Up
  1.3.4 16 Years and Up
  1.3.5 18 – 36 Months
  1.3.6 2 – 4 Years
  1.3.7 3 – 5 Years
  1.3.8 5 – 8 Years
  1.3.9 8 – 12 Years
1.4 China Ride-on Toys Market by Region
  1.4.1 China Ride-on Toys Market Size (Million USD) Comparison by Region (2012-2022)
  1.4.2 South China Ride-on Toys Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.3 East China Ride-on Toys Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.4 Southwest China Ride-on Toys Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.5 Northeast China Ride-on Toys Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.6 North China Ride-on Toys Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.7 Central China Ride-on Toys Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.5 China Market Size (Sales and Revenue) of Ride-on Toys (2012-2022)
  1.5.1 China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2022)
  1.5.2 China Ride-on Toys Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2022)

2 CHINA RIDE-ON TOYS MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/MANUFACTURERS

2.1 China Ride-on Toys Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
2.2 China Ride-on Toys Revenue and Share by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
2.3 China Ride-on Toys Average Price (USD/Unit) by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
2.4 China Ride-on Toys Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 China Ride-on Toys Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 China Ride-on Toys Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in China Market
2.5 China Players/Manufacturers Ride-on Toys Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Types

3 CHINA RIDE-ON TOYS SALES AND REVENUE BY REGION (2012-2017)

3.1 China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.2 China Ride-on Toys Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.3 China Ride-on Toys Price (USD/Unit) by Regions (2012-2017)

4 CHINA '&B1&' SALES AND REVENUE BY TYPE/ PRODUCT CATEGORY (2012-2017)'

4.1 China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Market Share by Type/ Product Category (2012-2017)
4.2 China Ride-on Toys Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
4.3 China Ride-on Toys Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2012-2017)
4.4 China Ride-on Toys Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2012-2017)

5 CHINA '&B1&' SALES BY APPLICATION (2012-2017)'

5.1 China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
5.2 China Ride-on Toys Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2012-2017)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 CHINA RIDE-ON TOYS PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

6.1 Fisher-price
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 Ride-on Toys Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.1.2.1 Product A
    6.1.2.2 Product B
  6.1.3 Fisher-price Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 Toysrus
  6.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.2.2 Ride-on Toys Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.2.2.1 Product A
    6.2.2.2 Product B
  6.2.3 Toysrus Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 Car-toy
  6.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.3.2 Ride-on Toys Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.3.2.1 Product A
    6.3.2.2 Product B
  6.3.3 Car-toy Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 Collectablediecast
  6.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.4.2 Ride-on Toys Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.4.2.1 Product A
    6.4.2.2 Product B
  6.4.3 Collectablediecast Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 KidsRideOnVehicles
  6.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.5.2 Ride-on Toys Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.5.2.1 Product A
    6.5.2.2 Product B
  6.5.3 KidsRideOnVehicles Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 John deere
  6.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.6.2 Ride-on Toys Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.6.2.1 Product A
    6.6.2.2 Product B
  6.6.3 John deere Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 National Products
  6.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.7.2 Ride-on Toys Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.7.2.1 Product A
    6.7.2.2 Product B
  6.7.3 National Products Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 Kidswheels
  6.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.8.2 Ride-on Toys Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.8.2.1 Product A
    6.8.2.2 Product B
  6.8.3 Kidswheels Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 New star
  6.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.9.2 Ride-on Toys Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.9.2.1 Product A
    6.9.2.2 Product B
  6.9.3 New star Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.10 Kidtraxtoys
  6.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.10.2 Ride-on Toys Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.10.2.1 Product A
    6.10.2.2 Product B
  6.10.3 Kidtraxtoys Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.11 Peg Perego
6.12 Razor

7 RIDE-ON TOYS MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

7.1 Ride-on Toys Key Raw Materials Analysis
  7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  7.2.1 Raw Materials
  7.2.2 Labor Cost
  7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Ride-on Toys

8 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

8.1 Ride-on Toys Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Ride-on Toys Major Manufacturers in 2016
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

9.1 Marketing Channel
  9.1.1 Direct Marketing
  9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
  9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  9.2.2 Brand Strategy
  9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 CHINA RIDE-ON TOYS MARKET SIZE (SALES AND REVENUE) FORECAST (2017-2022)

11.1 China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD) Forecast (2017-2022)
11.2 China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
11.3 China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
11.4 China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

13 METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCE

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
  13.2.1 Secondary Sources
  13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer
13.4 Author List

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Global and China Market Size (Million USD) Comparison (2012-2022)
Table Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Revenue (Million USD) Market Split by Product Type
Table Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) by Application (2016-2022)
Figure Product Picture of Ride-on Toys
Table China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%) Comparison by Types (Product Category) (2012-2022)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales Volume Market Share by Types in 2016
Figure Car Product Picture
Figure Dirt Bike Product Picture
Figure Jeep Product Picture
Figure Motorcycle Product Picture
Figure Racers Product Picture
Figure Scooter Product Picture
Figure SUV Product Picture
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) Comparison by Application (2012-2022)
Figure China Sales Market Share (%) of Ride-on Toys by Application in 2016
Figure 12 Years and Up Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in 12 Years and Up
Figure 14 Years and Up Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in 14 Years and Up
Figure 16 Years and Up Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in 16 Years and Up
Figure 18 – 36 Months Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in 18 – 36 Months
Figure 2 – 4 Years Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in 2 – 4 Years
Figure 3 – 5 Years Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in 3 – 5 Years
Figure 5 – 8 Years Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in 5 – 8 Years
Figure 8 – 12 Years Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in 8 – 12 Years
Figure South China Ride-on Toys Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure East China Ride-on Toys Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Southwest China Ride-on Toys Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Northeast China Ride-on Toys Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure North China Ride-on Toys Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Central China Ride-on Toys Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2022)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2022)
Table China Ride-on Toys Sales of Key Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table China Ride-on Toys Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 China Ride-on Toys Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 China Ride-on Toys Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table China Ride-on Toys Revenue by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table China Ride-on Toys Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 China Ride-on Toys Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 China Ride-on Toys Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table China Market Ride-on Toys Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Figure China Market Ride-on Toys Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers in 2016
Figure China Ride-on Toys Market Share of Top 3 Players/Manufacturers
Figure China Ride-on Toys Market Share of Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
Table China Players/Manufacturers Ride-on Toys Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table China Players/Manufacturers Ride-on Toys Product Category
Table China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) by Regions (2012-2017)
Table China Ride-on Toys Sales Share (%) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales Share (%) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales Market Share (%) by Regions in 2016
Table China Ride-on Toys Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Table China Ride-on Toys Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions in 2016
Table China Ride-on Toys Price (USD/Unit) by Regions (2012-2017)
Table China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) by Type (2012-2017)
Table China Ride-on Toys Sales Share (%) by Type (2012-2017)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales Share (%) by Type (2012-2017)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales Market Share (%) by Type in 2016
Table China Ride-on Toys Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table China Ride-on Toys Revenue Market Share (%) by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Ride-on Toys by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Ride-on Toys by Type in 2016
Table China Ride-on Toys Price (USD/Unit) by Types (2012-2017)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2012-2017)
Table China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) by Applications (2012-2017)
Table China Ride-on Toys Sales Market Share (%) by Applications (2012-2017)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales Market Share (%) by Application (2012-2017)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales Market Share (%) by Application in 2016
Table China Ride-on Toys Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2012-2017)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2012-2017)
Table Fisher-price Ride-on Toys Basic Information List
Table Fisher-price Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Fisher-price Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Fisher-price Ride-on Toys Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Fisher-price Ride-on Toys Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Toysrus Ride-on Toys Basic Information List
Table Toysrus Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Toysrus Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Toysrus Ride-on Toys Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Toysrus Ride-on Toys Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Car-toy Ride-on Toys Basic Information List
Table Car-toy Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Car-toy Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Car-toy Ride-on Toys Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Car-toy Ride-on Toys Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Collectablediecast Ride-on Toys Basic Information List
Table Collectablediecast Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Collectablediecast Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Collectablediecast Ride-on Toys Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Collectablediecast Ride-on Toys Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table KidsRideOnVehicles Ride-on Toys Basic Information List
Table KidsRideOnVehicles Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure KidsRideOnVehicles Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure KidsRideOnVehicles Ride-on Toys Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure KidsRideOnVehicles Ride-on Toys Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table John deere Ride-on Toys Basic Information List
Table John deere Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure John deere Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure John deere Ride-on Toys Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure John deere Ride-on Toys Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table National Products Ride-on Toys Basic Information List
Table National Products Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure National Products Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure National Products Ride-on Toys Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure National Products Ride-on Toys Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Kidswheels Ride-on Toys Basic Information List
Table Kidswheels Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Kidswheels Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Kidswheels Ride-on Toys Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Kidswheels Ride-on Toys Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table New star Ride-on Toys Basic Information List
Table New star Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure New star Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure New star Ride-on Toys Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure New star Ride-on Toys Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Kidtraxtoys Ride-on Toys Basic Information List
Table Kidtraxtoys Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Kidtraxtoys Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Kidtraxtoys Ride-on Toys Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Kidtraxtoys Ride-on Toys Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Peg Perego Ride-on Toys Basic Information List
Table Razor Ride-on Toys Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Ride-on Toys
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Ride-on Toys
Figure Ride-on Toys Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Ride-on Toys Major Players/Manufacturers in 2016
Table Major Buyers of Ride-on Toys
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%) Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Price (USD/Unit) Trend Forecast (2017-2022)
Table China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Type in 2022
Table China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application in 2022
Table China Ride-on Toys Sales (K Units) Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
Table China Ride-on Toys Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure China Ride-on Toys Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions in 2022
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources