Global IVD Infectious Disease Market 2018 by Manufacturers, Countries, Type and Application, Forecast to 2023

October 2018 | 117 pages | ID: G7CA5F43823GEN
GlobalInfoResearch

Abstracts

In Vitro Diagnosis, or IVD (In Vitro Diagnosis), refers to the product and service of disease or body function that is obtained by testing human samples (blood, body fluids, tissues, etc.).

SCOPE OF THE REPORT:

Geographically, North America is the world's largest extracorporeal diagnostic market. Europe and the United States together account for more than 65 percent of the global market. Japan has the largest share of the Asian in vitro diagnosis market, with an 8.73% market share.
The global IVD Infectious Disease market is valued at xx million USD in 2017 and is expected to reach xx million USD by the end of 2023, growing at a CAGR of xx% between 2017 and 2023.
The Asia-Pacific will occupy for more market share in following years, especially in China, also fast growing India and Southeast Asia regions.
North America, especially The United States, will still play an important role which cannot be ignored. Any changes from United States might affect the development trend of IVD Infectious Disease.
Europe also play important roles in global market, with market size of xx million USD in 2017 and will be xx million USD in 2023, with a CAGR of xx%.
This report studies the IVD Infectious Disease market status and outlook of Global and major regions, from angles of players, countries, product types and end industries; this report analyzes the top players in global market, and splits the IVD Infectious Disease market by product type and applications/end industries.
Market Segment by Companies, this report covers

• Roche Diagnostics
• Abbott Laboratories
• Alere
• Gen-Probe
• Becton Dickinson (BD)
• Bio-Rad Laboratories
• Siemens Healthcare
• Biom?rieux
• Danaher
• Thermo Fisher
• Sysmex

Market Segment by Regions, regional analysis covers

• North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
• Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)
• Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
• South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia)
• Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

Market Segment by Type, covers

• Biochemical Diagnosis
• Immune Diagnosis
• Molecular Diagnosis
• Microbiological Diagnosis
• Urine Diagnosis
• Coagulation Diagnosis
• Other

Market Segment by Applications, can be divided into

• Personal
• Commercial
• Academic
• Other

Contents

1 IVD INFECTIOUS DISEASE MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of IVD Infectious Disease
1.2 Classification of IVD Infectious Disease by Types
  1.2.1 Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Comparison by Types (2017-2023)
  1.2.2 Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Types in 2017
  1.2.3 Biochemical Diagnosis
  1.2.4 Immune Diagnosis
  1.2.5 Molecular Diagnosis
  1.2.6 Microbiological Diagnosis
  1.2.7 Urine Diagnosis
  1.2.8 Coagulation Diagnosis
  1.2.9 Other
1.3 Global IVD Infectious Disease Market by Application
  1.3.1 Global IVD Infectious Disease Market Size and Market Share Comparison by Applications (2013-2023)
  1.3.2 Personal
  1.3.3 Commercial
  1.3.4 Academic
  1.3.5 Other
1.4 Global IVD Infectious Disease Market by Regions
  1.4.1 Global IVD Infectious Disease Market Size (Million USD) Comparison by Regions (2013-2023)
  1.4.1 North America (USA, Canada and Mexico) IVD Infectious Disease Status and Prospect (2013-2023)
  1.4.2 Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy) IVD Infectious Disease Status and Prospect (2013-2023)
  1.4.3 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia) IVD Infectious Disease Status and Prospect (2013-2023)
  1.4.4 South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia) IVD Infectious Disease Status and Prospect (2013-2023)
  1.4.5 Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa) IVD Infectious Disease Status and Prospect (2013-2023)
1.5 Global Market Size of IVD Infectious Disease (2013-2023)

2 MANUFACTURERS PROFILES

2.1 Roche Diagnostics
  2.1.1 Business Overview
  2.1.2 IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
    2.1.2.1 Product A
    2.1.2.2 Product B
  2.1.3 Roche Diagnostics IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
2.2 Abbott Laboratories
  2.2.1 Business Overview
  2.2.2 IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
    2.2.2.1 Product A
    2.2.2.2 Product B
  2.2.3 Abbott Laboratories IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
2.3 Alere
  2.3.1 Business Overview
  2.3.2 IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
    2.3.2.1 Product A
    2.3.2.2 Product B
  2.3.3 Alere IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
2.4 Gen-Probe
  2.4.1 Business Overview
  2.4.2 IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
    2.4.2.1 Product A
    2.4.2.2 Product B
  2.4.3 Gen-Probe IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
2.5 Becton Dickinson (BD)
  2.5.1 Business Overview
  2.5.2 IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
    2.5.2.1 Product A
    2.5.2.2 Product B
  2.5.3 Becton Dickinson (BD) IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
2.6 Bio-Rad Laboratories
  2.6.1 Business Overview
  2.6.2 IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
    2.6.2.1 Product A
    2.6.2.2 Product B
  2.6.3 Bio-Rad Laboratories IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
2.7 Siemens Healthcare
  2.7.1 Business Overview
  2.7.2 IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
    2.7.2.1 Product A
    2.7.2.2 Product B
  2.7.3 Siemens Healthcare IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
2.8 Biom?rieux
  2.8.1 Business Overview
  2.8.2 IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
    2.8.2.1 Product A
    2.8.2.2 Product B
  2.8.3 Biom?rieux IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
2.9 Danaher
  2.9.1 Business Overview
  2.9.2 IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
    2.9.2.1 Product A
    2.9.2.2 Product B
  2.9.3 Danaher IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
2.10 Thermo Fisher
  2.10.1 Business Overview
  2.10.2 IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
    2.10.2.1 Product A
    2.10.2.2 Product B
  2.10.3 Thermo Fisher IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
2.11 Sysmex
  2.11.1 Business Overview
  2.11.2 IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
    2.11.2.1 Product A
    2.11.2.2 Product B
  2.11.3 Sysmex IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)

3 GLOBAL IVD INFECTIOUS DISEASE MARKET COMPETITION, BY PLAYERS

3.1 Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Share by Players (2013-2018)
3.2 Market Concentration Rate
  3.2.1 Top 5 IVD Infectious Disease Players Market Share
  3.2.2 Top 10 IVD Infectious Disease Players Market Share
3.3 Market Competition Trend

4 GLOBAL IVD INFECTIOUS DISEASE MARKET SIZE BY REGIONS

4.1 Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Market Share by Regions
4.2 North America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
4.3 Europe IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
4.4 Asia-Pacific IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
4.5 South America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
4.6 Middle East and Africa IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)

5 NORTH AMERICA IVD INFECTIOUS DISEASE REVENUE BY COUNTRIES

5.1 North America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue by Countries (2013-2018)
5.2 USA IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
5.3 Canada IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
5.4 Mexico IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)

6 EUROPE IVD INFECTIOUS DISEASE REVENUE BY COUNTRIES

6.1 Europe IVD Infectious Disease Revenue by Countries (2013-2018)
6.2 Germany IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
6.3 UK IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
6.4 France IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
6.5 Russia IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
6.6 Italy IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)

7 ASIA-PACIFIC IVD INFECTIOUS DISEASE REVENUE BY COUNTRIES

7.1 Asia-Pacific IVD Infectious Disease Revenue by Countries (2013-2018)
7.2 China IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
7.3 Japan IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
7.4 Korea IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
7.5 India IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
7.6 Southeast Asia IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)

8 SOUTH AMERICA IVD INFECTIOUS DISEASE REVENUE BY COUNTRIES

8.1 South America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue by Countries (2013-2018)
8.2 Brazil IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
8.3 Argentina IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
8.4 Colombia IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)

9 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA REVENUE IVD INFECTIOUS DISEASE BY COUNTRIES

9.1 Middle East and Africa IVD Infectious Disease Revenue by Countries (2013-2018)
9.2 Saudi Arabia IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
9.3 UAE IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
9.4 Egypt IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
9.5 Nigeria IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
9.6 South Africa IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)

10 GLOBAL IVD INFECTIOUS DISEASE MARKET SEGMENT BY TYPE

10.1 Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
10.2 Global IVD Infectious Disease Market Forecast by Type (2018-2023)
10.3 Biochemical Diagnosis Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2023)
10.4 Immune Diagnosis Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2023)
10.5 Molecular Diagnosis Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2023)
10.6 Microbiological Diagnosis Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2023)
10.7 Urine Diagnosis Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2023)
10.8 Coagulation Diagnosis Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2023)
10.9 Other Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2023)

11 GLOBAL IVD INFECTIOUS DISEASE MARKET SEGMENT BY APPLICATION

11.1 Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
11.2 IVD Infectious Disease Market Forecast by Application (2018-2023)
11.3 Personal Revenue Growth (2013-2018)
11.4 Commercial Revenue Growth (2013-2018)
11.5 Academic Revenue Growth (2013-2018)
11.6 Other Revenue Growth (2013-2018)

12 GLOBAL IVD INFECTIOUS DISEASE MARKET SIZE FORECAST (2018-2023)

12.1 Global IVD Infectious Disease Market Size Forecast (2018-2023)
12.2 Global IVD Infectious Disease Market Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)
12.3 North America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)
12.4 Europe IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)
12.5 Asia-Pacific IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)
12.6 South America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)
12.7 Middle East and Africa IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)

13 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

14 APPENDIX

14.1 Methodology
14.2 Data Source

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure IVD Infectious Disease Picture
Table Product Specifications of IVD Infectious Disease
Table Global IVD Infectious Disease and Revenue (Million USD) Market Split by Product Type
Figure Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Types in 2017
Figure Biochemical Diagnosis Picture
Figure Immune Diagnosis Picture
Figure Molecular Diagnosis Picture
Figure Microbiological Diagnosis Picture
Figure Urine Diagnosis Picture
Figure Coagulation Diagnosis Picture
Figure Other Picture
Table Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue (Million USD) by Application (2013-2023)
Figure IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Applications in 2017
Figure Personal Picture
Figure Commercial Picture
Figure Academic Picture
Figure Other Picture
Table Global Market IVD Infectious Disease Revenue (Million USD) Comparison by Regions 2013-2023
Figure North America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Europe IVD Infectious Disease Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Asia-Pacific IVD Infectious Disease Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure South America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Middle East and Africa IVD Infectious Disease Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Table Roche Diagnostics Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Roche Diagnostics IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
Table Roche Diagnostics IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
Table Abbott Laboratories Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Abbott Laboratories IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
Table Abbott Laboratories IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
Table Alere Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Alere IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
Table Alere IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
Table Gen-Probe Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Gen-Probe IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
Table Gen-Probe IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
Table Becton Dickinson (BD) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Becton Dickinson (BD) IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
Table Becton Dickinson (BD) IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
Table Bio-Rad Laboratories Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Bio-Rad Laboratories IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
Table Bio-Rad Laboratories IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
Table Siemens Healthcare Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Siemens Healthcare IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
Table Siemens Healthcare IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
Table Biom?rieux Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Biom?rieux IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
Table Biom?rieux IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
Table Danaher Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Danaher IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
Table Danaher IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
Table Thermo Fisher Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Thermo Fisher IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
Table Thermo Fisher IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
Table Sysmex Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Sysmex IVD Infectious Disease Type and Applications
Table Sysmex IVD Infectious Disease Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2017)
Table Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue (Million USD) by Players (2013-2018)
Table Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Share by Players (2013-2018)
Figure Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Share by Players in 2016
Figure Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Share by Players in 2017
Figure Global Top 5 Players IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share in 2017
Figure Global Top 10 Players IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share in 2017
Figure Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%) (2013-2018)
Table Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue (Million USD) by Regions (2013-2018)
Table Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2017
Figure North America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Europe IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Asia-Pacific IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure South America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Middle East and Africa IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Table North America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue by Countries (2013-2018)
Table North America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Countries (2013-2018)
Figure North America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Countries (2013-2018)
Figure North America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2017
Figure USA IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Canada IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Mexico IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Table Europe IVD Infectious Disease Revenue (Million USD) by Countries (2013-2018)
Figure Europe IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Countries (2013-2018)
Figure Europe IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2017
Figure Germany IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure UK IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure France IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Russia IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Italy IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Table Asia-Pacific IVD Infectious Disease Revenue (Million USD) by Countries (2013-2018)
Figure Asia-Pacific IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Countries (2013-2018)
Figure Asia-Pacific IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2017
Figure China IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Japan IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Korea IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure India IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Southeast Asia IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Table South America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue by Countries (2013-2018)
Table South America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Countries (2013-2018)
Figure South America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Countries (2013-2018)
Figure South America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2017
Figure Brazil IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Argentina IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Colombia IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Table Middle East and Africa IVD Infectious Disease Revenue (Million USD) by Countries (2013-2018)
Table Middle East and Africa IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Countries (2013-2018)
Figure Middle East and Africa IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Countries (2013-2018)
Figure Middle East and Africa IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2017
Figure Saudi Arabia IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure UAE IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Egypt IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Nigeria IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure South Africa IVD Infectious Disease Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Table Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2013-2018)
Table Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Share by Type in 2017
Table Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Forecast by Type (2018-2023)
Figure Global IVD Infectious Disease Market Share Forecast by Type (2018-2023)
Figure Global Biochemical Diagnosis Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Global Immune Diagnosis Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Global Molecular Diagnosis Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Global Microbiological Diagnosis Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Global Urine Diagnosis Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Global Coagulation Diagnosis Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Global Other Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Table Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue by Application (2013-2018)
Table Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Share by Application (2013-2018)
Figure Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Share by Application (2013-2018)
Figure Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Share by Application in 2017
Table Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Forecast by Application (2018-2023)
Figure Global IVD Infectious Disease Market Share Forecast by Application (2018-2023)
Figure Global Personal Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Global Commercial Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Global Academic Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Global Other Revenue Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018 -2023)
Table Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue (Million USD) Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)
Figure Global IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Share Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)
Figure North America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure Europe IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure Asia-Pacific IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure South America IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure Middle East and Africa IVD Infectious Disease Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)