Shrimp Powder Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

August 2022 | 74 pages | ID: S3CDC9F9DCDBEN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

This report contains market size and forecasts of Shrimp Powder in global, including the following market information:

Global Shrimp Powder Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Shrimp Powder Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (Tons)

Global top five Shrimp Powder companies in 2021 (%)

The global Shrimp Powder market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2022-2028.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Protein ? 50% Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Shrimp Powder include Haida Fishmeal, Dandong Yuanyi Seafood, Hailongyuan, Yuxinyuan, Xingchang Aquatic Products, Liaoyu and Khan Foods, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Shrimp Powder manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Shrimp Powder Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Tons)

Global Shrimp Powder Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Protein ? 50%
• Protein ? 60%

Global Shrimp Powder Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Tons)

Global Shrimp Powder Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Food
• Feed
• Other

Global Shrimp Powder Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Tons)

Global Shrimp Powder Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Shrimp Powder revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Shrimp Powder revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Shrimp Powder sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (Tons)

Key companies Shrimp Powder sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• Haida Fishmeal
• Dandong Yuanyi Seafood
• Hailongyuan
• Yuxinyuan
• Xingchang Aquatic Products
• Liaoyu
• Khan Foods

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Shrimp Powder Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Shrimp Powder Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL SHRIMP POWDER OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Shrimp Powder Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Shrimp Powder Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Shrimp Powder Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Shrimp Powder Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Shrimp Powder Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Shrimp Powder Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Shrimp Powder Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Shrimp Powder Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Shrimp Powder Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Shrimp Powder Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Shrimp Powder Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Shrimp Powder Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Shrimp Powder Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Shrimp Powder Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Protein ? 50%
  4.1.3 Protein ? 60%
4.2 By Type - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Shrimp Powder Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Shrimp Powder Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Shrimp Powder Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Shrimp Powder Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Shrimp Powder Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Food
  5.1.3 Feed
  5.1.4 Other
5.2 By Application - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Shrimp Powder Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Shrimp Powder Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Shrimp Powder Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Shrimp Powder Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Shrimp Powder Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Shrimp Powder Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Shrimp Powder Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Shrimp Powder Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Shrimp Powder Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Shrimp Powder Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Shrimp Powder Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Shrimp Powder Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Shrimp Powder Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Shrimp Powder Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Shrimp Powder Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Shrimp Powder Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Shrimp Powder Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Shrimp Powder Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Shrimp Powder Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Shrimp Powder Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 Haida Fishmeal
  7.1.1 Haida Fishmeal Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 Haida Fishmeal Business Overview
  7.1.3 Haida Fishmeal Shrimp Powder Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 Haida Fishmeal Shrimp Powder Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 Haida Fishmeal Key News
7.2 Dandong Yuanyi Seafood
  7.2.1 Dandong Yuanyi Seafood Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 Dandong Yuanyi Seafood Business Overview
  7.2.3 Dandong Yuanyi Seafood Shrimp Powder Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 Dandong Yuanyi Seafood Shrimp Powder Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 Dandong Yuanyi Seafood Key News
7.3 Hailongyuan
  7.3.1 Hailongyuan Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Hailongyuan Business Overview
  7.3.3 Hailongyuan Shrimp Powder Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Hailongyuan Shrimp Powder Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 Hailongyuan Key News
7.4 Yuxinyuan
  7.4.1 Yuxinyuan Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Yuxinyuan Business Overview
  7.4.3 Yuxinyuan Shrimp Powder Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Yuxinyuan Shrimp Powder Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 Yuxinyuan Key News
7.5 Xingchang Aquatic Products
  7.5.1 Xingchang Aquatic Products Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Xingchang Aquatic Products Business Overview
  7.5.3 Xingchang Aquatic Products Shrimp Powder Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Xingchang Aquatic Products Shrimp Powder Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 Xingchang Aquatic Products Key News
7.6 Liaoyu
  7.6.1 Liaoyu Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 Liaoyu Business Overview
  7.6.3 Liaoyu Shrimp Powder Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 Liaoyu Shrimp Powder Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 Liaoyu Key News
7.7 Khan Foods
  7.7.1 Khan Foods Corporate Summary
  7.7.2 Khan Foods Business Overview
  7.7.3 Khan Foods Shrimp Powder Major Product Offerings
  7.7.4 Khan Foods Shrimp Powder Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.7.5 Khan Foods Key News

8 GLOBAL SHRIMP POWDER PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Shrimp Powder Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Shrimp Powder Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Shrimp Powder Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 SHRIMP POWDER SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Shrimp Powder Industry Value Chain
10.2 Shrimp Powder Upstream Market
10.3 Shrimp Powder Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Shrimp Powder Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Shrimp Powder in Global Market
Table 2. Top Shrimp Powder Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Shrimp Powder Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Shrimp Powder Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Shrimp Powder Sales by Companies, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Shrimp Powder Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Shrimp Powder Price (2017-2022) & (US$/Ton)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Shrimp Powder Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Shrimp Powder Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Shrimp Powder Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Shrimp Powder Sales (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Shrimp Powder Sales (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Shrimp Powder Sales (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Shrimp Powder Sales (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Shrimp Powder Sales (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Shrimp Powder Sales (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Shrimp Powder Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Shrimp Powder Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Shrimp Powder Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Shrimp Powder Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Shrimp Powder Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Shrimp Powder Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Shrimp Powder Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Shrimp Powder Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Shrimp Powder Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Shrimp Powder Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 46. Haida Fishmeal Corporate Summary
Table 47. Haida Fishmeal Shrimp Powder Product Offerings
Table 48. Haida Fishmeal Shrimp Powder Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Dandong Yuanyi Seafood Corporate Summary
Table 50. Dandong Yuanyi Seafood Shrimp Powder Product Offerings
Table 51. Dandong Yuanyi Seafood Shrimp Powder Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Hailongyuan Corporate Summary
Table 53. Hailongyuan Shrimp Powder Product Offerings
Table 54. Hailongyuan Shrimp Powder Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Yuxinyuan Corporate Summary
Table 56. Yuxinyuan Shrimp Powder Product Offerings
Table 57. Yuxinyuan Shrimp Powder Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Xingchang Aquatic Products Corporate Summary
Table 59. Xingchang Aquatic Products Shrimp Powder Product Offerings
Table 60. Xingchang Aquatic Products Shrimp Powder Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Liaoyu Corporate Summary
Table 62. Liaoyu Shrimp Powder Product Offerings
Table 63. Liaoyu Shrimp Powder Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Khan Foods Corporate Summary
Table 65. Khan Foods Shrimp Powder Product Offerings
Table 66. Khan Foods Shrimp Powder Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Shrimp Powder Production Capacity (Tons) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (Tons)
Table 68. Global Shrimp Powder Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 69. Global Shrimp Powder Production by Region, 2017-2022 (Tons)
Table 70. Global Shrimp Powder Production by Region, 2023-2028 (Tons)
Table 71. Shrimp Powder Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 72. Shrimp Powder Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 73. Shrimp Powder Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 74. Shrimp Powder Raw Materials
Table 75. Shrimp Powder Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 76. Typical Shrimp Powder Downstream
Table 77. Shrimp Powder Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 78. Shrimp Powder Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Shrimp Powder Segment by Type
Figure 2. Shrimp Powder Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Shrimp Powder Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Shrimp Powder Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Shrimp Powder Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Shrimp Powder Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (Tons)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Shrimp Powder Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Shrimp Powder Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Shrimp Powder Price (US$/Ton), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Shrimp Powder Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Shrimp Powder Price (US$/Ton), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Shrimp Powder Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Shrimp Powder Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Shrimp Powder Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Shrimp Powder Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Shrimp Powder Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Shrimp Powder Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Shrimp Powder Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Shrimp Powder Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Shrimp Powder Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Shrimp Powder Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Shrimp Powder Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Shrimp Powder Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Shrimp Powder Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Shrimp Powder Production Capacity (Tons), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Shrimp Powder by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Shrimp Powder Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels