Global Shortening Industry Research Report, Competitive Landscape, Market Size, Regional Status and Prospect
The report combines extensive quantitative analysis and exhaustive qualitative analysis, ranges from a macro overview of the total market size, industry chain, and market dynamics to micro details of segment markets by type, application and region, and, as a result, provides a holistic view of, as well as a deep insight into the Shortening market covering all its essential aspects.
For the competitive landscape, the report also introduces players in the industry from the perspective of the market share, concentration ratio, etc., and describes the leading companies in detail, with which the readers can get a better idea of their competitors and acquire an in-depth understanding of the competitive situation. Further, mergers & acquisitions, emerging market trends, the impact of COVID-19, and regional conflicts will all be considered.
In a nutshell, this report is a must-read for industry players, investors, researchers, consultants, business strategists, and all those who have any kind of stake or are planning to foray into the market in any manner.
Key players in the global Shortening market are covered in Chapter 9:
Puratos
Zeelandia
Walter Rau
HAS Group
Princes Group
AAK
VFI GmbH
Olenex
ADM
In Chapter 5 and Chapter 7.3, based on types, the Shortening market from 2017 to 2027 is primarily split into:
All Purpose Shortening
Emulsified Shortening
High Stability Shortening
In Chapter 6 and Chapter 7.4, based on applications, the Shortening market from 2017 to 2027 covers:
Baking
Frying
Confectionery and Pastry
Other
Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historical data and forecast (2017-2027) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 4 and Chapter 7:
United States
Europe
China
Japan
India
Southeast Asia
Latin America
Middle East and Africa
Client Focus
1. Does this report consider the impact of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war on the Shortening market?
Yes. As the COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war are profoundly affecting the global supply chain relationship and raw material price system, we have definitely taken them into consideration throughout the research, and in Chapters 1.7, 2.7, 4.X.1, 7.5, 8.7, we elaborate at full length on the impact of the pandemic and the war on the Shortening Industry.
2. How do you determine the list of the key players included in the report?
With the aim of clearly revealing the competitive situation of the industry, we concretely analyze not only the leading enterprises that have a voice on a global scale, but also the regional small and medium-sized companies that play key roles and have plenty of potential growth.
Please find the key player list in Summary.
3. What are your main data sources?
Both Primary and Secondary data sources are being used while compiling the report.
Primary sources include extensive interviews of key opinion leaders and industry experts (such as experienced front-line staff, directors, CEOs, and marketing executives), downstream distributors, as well as end-users.
Secondary sources include the research of the annual and financial reports of the top companies, public files, new journals, etc. We also cooperate with some third-party databases.
Please find a more complete list of data sources in Chapters 11.2.1 & 11.2.2.
4. Can I modify the scope of the report and customize it to suit my requirements?
Yes. Customized requirements of multi-dimensional, deep-level and high-quality can help our customers precisely grasp market opportunities, effortlessly confront market challenges, properly formulate market strategies and act promptly, thus to win them sufficient time and space for market competition.
Outline
Chapter 1 mainly defines the market scope and introduces the macro overview of the industry, with an executive summary of different market segments ((by type, application, region, etc.), including the definition, market size, and trend of each market segment.
Chapter 2 provides a qualitative analysis of the current status and future trends of the market. Industry Entry Barriers, market drivers, market challenges, emerging markets, consumer preference analysis, together with the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak will all be thoroughly explained.
Chapter 3 analyzes the current competitive situation of the market by providing data regarding the players, including their sales volume and revenue with corresponding market shares, price and gross margin. In addition, information about market concentration ratio, mergers, acquisitions, and expansion plans will also be covered.
Chapter 4 focuses on the regional market, presenting detailed data (i.e., sales volume, revenue, price, gross margin) of the most representative regions and countries in the world.
Chapter 5 provides the analysis of various market segments according to product types, covering sales volume, revenue along with market share and growth rate, plus the price analysis of each type.
Chapter 6 shows the breakdown data of different applications, including the consumption and revenue with market share and growth rate, with the aim of helping the readers to take a close-up look at the downstream market.
Chapter 7 provides a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses of the market size and development trends in the next five years. The forecast information of the whole, as well as the breakdown market, offers the readers a chance to look into the future of the industry.
Chapter 8 is the analysis of the whole market industrial chain, covering key raw materials suppliers and price analysis, manufacturing cost structure analysis, alternative product analysis, also providing information on major distributors, downstream buyers, and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic.
Chapter 9 shares a list of the key players in the market, together with their basic information, product profiles, market performance (i.e., sales volume, price, revenue, gross margin), recent development, SWOT analysis, etc.
Chapter 10 is the conclusion of the report which helps the readers to sum up the main findings and points.
Chapter 11 introduces the market research methods and data sources.
Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2017-2021
Base Year: 2021
Estimated Year: 2022
Forecast Period: 2022-2027
1 SHORTENING MARKET OVERVIEW
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Shortening Market
1.2 Shortening Market Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Shortening Market Sales Volume and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type (2017-2027)
1.3 Global Shortening Market Segment by Application
1.3.1 Shortening Market Consumption (Sales Volume) Comparison by Application (2017-2027)
1.4 Global Shortening Market, Region Wise (2017-2027)
1.4.1 Global Shortening Market Size (Revenue) and CAGR (%) Comparison by Region (2017-2027)
1.4.2 United States Shortening Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.3 Europe Shortening Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.4 China Shortening Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.5 Japan Shortening Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.6 India Shortening Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Shortening Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.8 Latin America Shortening Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.9 Middle East and Africa Shortening Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.5 Global Market Size of Shortening (2017-2027)
1.5.1 Global Shortening Market Revenue Status and Outlook (2017-2027)
1.5.2 Global Shortening Market Sales Volume Status and Outlook (2017-2027)
1.6 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
1.7 The impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on the Shortening Market
2 INDUSTRY OUTLOOK
2.1 Shortening Industry Technology Status and Trends
2.2 Industry Entry Barriers
2.2.1 Analysis of Financial Barriers
2.2.2 Analysis of Technical Barriers
2.2.3 Analysis of Talent Barriers
2.2.4 Analysis of Brand Barrier
2.3 Shortening Market Drivers Analysis
2.4 Shortening Market Challenges Analysis
2.5 Emerging Market Trends
2.6 Consumer Preference Analysis
2.7 Shortening Industry Development Trends under COVID-19 Outbreak
2.7.1 Global COVID-19 Status Overview
2.7.2 Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Shortening Industry Development
3 GLOBAL SHORTENING MARKET LANDSCAPE BY PLAYER
3.1 Global Shortening Sales Volume and Share by Player (2017-2022)
3.2 Global Shortening Revenue and Market Share by Player (2017-2022)
3.3 Global Shortening Average Price by Player (2017-2022)
3.4 Global Shortening Gross Margin by Player (2017-2022)
3.5 Shortening Market Competitive Situation and Trends
3.5.1 Shortening Market Concentration Rate
3.5.2 Shortening Market Share of Top 3 and Top 6 Players
3.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 GLOBAL SHORTENING SALES VOLUME AND REVENUE REGION WISE (2017-2022)
4.1 Global Shortening Sales Volume and Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
4.2 Global Shortening Revenue and Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
4.3 Global Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.4 United States Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.4.1 United States Shortening Market Under COVID-19
4.5 Europe Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.5.1 Europe Shortening Market Under COVID-19
4.6 China Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.6.1 China Shortening Market Under COVID-19
4.7 Japan Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.7.1 Japan Shortening Market Under COVID-19
4.8 India Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.8.1 India Shortening Market Under COVID-19
4.9 Southeast Asia Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.9.1 Southeast Asia Shortening Market Under COVID-19
4.10 Latin America Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.10.1 Latin America Shortening Market Under COVID-19
4.11 Middle East and Africa Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.11.1 Middle East and Africa Shortening Market Under COVID-19
5 GLOBAL SHORTENING SALES VOLUME, REVENUE, PRICE TREND BY TYPE
5.1 Global Shortening Sales Volume and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
5.2 Global Shortening Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
5.3 Global Shortening Price by Type (2017-2022)
5.4 Global Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate by Type (2017-2022)
5.4.1 Global Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate of All Purpose Shortening (2017-2022)
5.4.2 Global Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate of Emulsified Shortening (2017-2022)
5.4.3 Global Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate of High Stability Shortening (2017-2022)
6 GLOBAL SHORTENING MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION
6.1 Global Shortening Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
6.2 Global Shortening Consumption Revenue and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
6.3 Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022)
6.3.1 Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate of Baking (2017-2022)
6.3.2 Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate of Frying (2017-2022)
6.3.3 Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate of Confectionery and Pastry (2017-2022)
6.3.4 Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate of Other (2017-2022)
7 GLOBAL SHORTENING MARKET FORECAST (2022-2027)
7.1 Global Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.1.1 Global Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
7.1.2 Global Shortening Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
7.1.3 Global Shortening Price and Trend Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2 Global Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast, Region Wise (2022-2027)
7.2.1 United States Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.2 Europe Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.3 China Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.4 Japan Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.5 India Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.6 Southeast Asia Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.7 Latin America Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.8 Middle East and Africa Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.3 Global Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.3.1 Global Shortening Revenue and Growth Rate of All Purpose Shortening (2022-2027)
7.3.2 Global Shortening Revenue and Growth Rate of Emulsified Shortening (2022-2027)
7.3.3 Global Shortening Revenue and Growth Rate of High Stability Shortening (2022-2027)
7.4 Global Shortening Consumption Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
7.4.1 Global Shortening Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Baking(2022-2027)
7.4.2 Global Shortening Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Frying(2022-2027)
7.4.3 Global Shortening Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Confectionery and Pastry(2022-2027)
7.4.4 Global Shortening Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Other(2022-2027)
7.5 Shortening Market Forecast Under COVID-19
8 SHORTENING MARKET UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM ANALYSIS
8.1 Shortening Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Key Raw Materials Suppliers and Price Analysis
8.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
8.3.1 Labor Cost Analysis
8.3.2 Energy Costs Analysis
8.3.3 R&D Costs Analysis
8.4 Alternative Product Analysis
8.5 Major Distributors of Shortening Analysis
8.6 Major Downstream Buyers of Shortening Analysis
8.7 Impact of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war on the Upstream and Downstream in the Shortening Industry
9 PLAYERS PROFILES
9.1 Puratos
9.1.1 Puratos Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.1.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.1.3 Puratos Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.1.4 Recent Development
9.1.5 SWOT Analysis
9.2 Zeelandia
9.2.1 Zeelandia Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.2.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.2.3 Zeelandia Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.2.4 Recent Development
9.2.5 SWOT Analysis
9.3 Walter Rau
9.3.1 Walter Rau Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.3.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.3.3 Walter Rau Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.3.4 Recent Development
9.3.5 SWOT Analysis
9.4 HAS Group
9.4.1 HAS Group Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.4.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.4.3 HAS Group Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.4.4 Recent Development
9.4.5 SWOT Analysis
9.5 Princes Group
9.5.1 Princes Group Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.5.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.5.3 Princes Group Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.5.4 Recent Development
9.5.5 SWOT Analysis
9.6 AAK
9.6.1 AAK Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.6.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.6.3 AAK Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.6.4 Recent Development
9.6.5 SWOT Analysis
9.7 VFI GmbH
9.7.1 VFI GmbH Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.7.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.7.3 VFI GmbH Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.7.4 Recent Development
9.7.5 SWOT Analysis
9.8 Olenex
9.8.1 Olenex Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.8.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.8.3 Olenex Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.8.4 Recent Development
9.8.5 SWOT Analysis
9.9 ADM
9.9.1 ADM Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.9.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.9.3 ADM Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.9.4 Recent Development
9.9.5 SWOT Analysis
10 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
11 APPENDIX
11.1 Methodology
11.2 Research Data Source
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Shortening Market
1.2 Shortening Market Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Shortening Market Sales Volume and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type (2017-2027)
1.3 Global Shortening Market Segment by Application
1.3.1 Shortening Market Consumption (Sales Volume) Comparison by Application (2017-2027)
1.4 Global Shortening Market, Region Wise (2017-2027)
1.4.1 Global Shortening Market Size (Revenue) and CAGR (%) Comparison by Region (2017-2027)
1.4.2 United States Shortening Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.3 Europe Shortening Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.4 China Shortening Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.5 Japan Shortening Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.6 India Shortening Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Shortening Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.8 Latin America Shortening Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.9 Middle East and Africa Shortening Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.5 Global Market Size of Shortening (2017-2027)
1.5.1 Global Shortening Market Revenue Status and Outlook (2017-2027)
1.5.2 Global Shortening Market Sales Volume Status and Outlook (2017-2027)
1.6 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
1.7 The impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on the Shortening Market
2 INDUSTRY OUTLOOK
2.1 Shortening Industry Technology Status and Trends
2.2 Industry Entry Barriers
2.2.1 Analysis of Financial Barriers
2.2.2 Analysis of Technical Barriers
2.2.3 Analysis of Talent Barriers
2.2.4 Analysis of Brand Barrier
2.3 Shortening Market Drivers Analysis
2.4 Shortening Market Challenges Analysis
2.5 Emerging Market Trends
2.6 Consumer Preference Analysis
2.7 Shortening Industry Development Trends under COVID-19 Outbreak
2.7.1 Global COVID-19 Status Overview
2.7.2 Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Shortening Industry Development
3 GLOBAL SHORTENING MARKET LANDSCAPE BY PLAYER
3.1 Global Shortening Sales Volume and Share by Player (2017-2022)
3.2 Global Shortening Revenue and Market Share by Player (2017-2022)
3.3 Global Shortening Average Price by Player (2017-2022)
3.4 Global Shortening Gross Margin by Player (2017-2022)
3.5 Shortening Market Competitive Situation and Trends
3.5.1 Shortening Market Concentration Rate
3.5.2 Shortening Market Share of Top 3 and Top 6 Players
3.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 GLOBAL SHORTENING SALES VOLUME AND REVENUE REGION WISE (2017-2022)
4.1 Global Shortening Sales Volume and Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
4.2 Global Shortening Revenue and Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
4.3 Global Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.4 United States Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.4.1 United States Shortening Market Under COVID-19
4.5 Europe Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.5.1 Europe Shortening Market Under COVID-19
4.6 China Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.6.1 China Shortening Market Under COVID-19
4.7 Japan Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.7.1 Japan Shortening Market Under COVID-19
4.8 India Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.8.1 India Shortening Market Under COVID-19
4.9 Southeast Asia Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.9.1 Southeast Asia Shortening Market Under COVID-19
4.10 Latin America Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.10.1 Latin America Shortening Market Under COVID-19
4.11 Middle East and Africa Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.11.1 Middle East and Africa Shortening Market Under COVID-19
5 GLOBAL SHORTENING SALES VOLUME, REVENUE, PRICE TREND BY TYPE
5.1 Global Shortening Sales Volume and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
5.2 Global Shortening Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
5.3 Global Shortening Price by Type (2017-2022)
5.4 Global Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate by Type (2017-2022)
5.4.1 Global Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate of All Purpose Shortening (2017-2022)
5.4.2 Global Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate of Emulsified Shortening (2017-2022)
5.4.3 Global Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate of High Stability Shortening (2017-2022)
6 GLOBAL SHORTENING MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION
6.1 Global Shortening Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
6.2 Global Shortening Consumption Revenue and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
6.3 Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022)
6.3.1 Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate of Baking (2017-2022)
6.3.2 Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate of Frying (2017-2022)
6.3.3 Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate of Confectionery and Pastry (2017-2022)
6.3.4 Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate of Other (2017-2022)
7 GLOBAL SHORTENING MARKET FORECAST (2022-2027)
7.1 Global Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.1.1 Global Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
7.1.2 Global Shortening Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
7.1.3 Global Shortening Price and Trend Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2 Global Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast, Region Wise (2022-2027)
7.2.1 United States Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.2 Europe Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.3 China Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.4 Japan Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.5 India Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.6 Southeast Asia Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.7 Latin America Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.8 Middle East and Africa Shortening Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.3 Global Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.3.1 Global Shortening Revenue and Growth Rate of All Purpose Shortening (2022-2027)
7.3.2 Global Shortening Revenue and Growth Rate of Emulsified Shortening (2022-2027)
7.3.3 Global Shortening Revenue and Growth Rate of High Stability Shortening (2022-2027)
7.4 Global Shortening Consumption Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
7.4.1 Global Shortening Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Baking(2022-2027)
7.4.2 Global Shortening Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Frying(2022-2027)
7.4.3 Global Shortening Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Confectionery and Pastry(2022-2027)
7.4.4 Global Shortening Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Other(2022-2027)
7.5 Shortening Market Forecast Under COVID-19
8 SHORTENING MARKET UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM ANALYSIS
8.1 Shortening Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Key Raw Materials Suppliers and Price Analysis
8.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
8.3.1 Labor Cost Analysis
8.3.2 Energy Costs Analysis
8.3.3 R&D Costs Analysis
8.4 Alternative Product Analysis
8.5 Major Distributors of Shortening Analysis
8.6 Major Downstream Buyers of Shortening Analysis
8.7 Impact of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war on the Upstream and Downstream in the Shortening Industry
9 PLAYERS PROFILES
9.1 Puratos
9.1.1 Puratos Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.1.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.1.3 Puratos Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.1.4 Recent Development
9.1.5 SWOT Analysis
9.2 Zeelandia
9.2.1 Zeelandia Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.2.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.2.3 Zeelandia Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.2.4 Recent Development
9.2.5 SWOT Analysis
9.3 Walter Rau
9.3.1 Walter Rau Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.3.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.3.3 Walter Rau Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.3.4 Recent Development
9.3.5 SWOT Analysis
9.4 HAS Group
9.4.1 HAS Group Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.4.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.4.3 HAS Group Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.4.4 Recent Development
9.4.5 SWOT Analysis
9.5 Princes Group
9.5.1 Princes Group Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.5.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.5.3 Princes Group Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.5.4 Recent Development
9.5.5 SWOT Analysis
9.6 AAK
9.6.1 AAK Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.6.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.6.3 AAK Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.6.4 Recent Development
9.6.5 SWOT Analysis
9.7 VFI GmbH
9.7.1 VFI GmbH Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.7.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.7.3 VFI GmbH Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.7.4 Recent Development
9.7.5 SWOT Analysis
9.8 Olenex
9.8.1 Olenex Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.8.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.8.3 Olenex Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.8.4 Recent Development
9.8.5 SWOT Analysis
9.9 ADM
9.9.1 ADM Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.9.2 Shortening Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.9.3 ADM Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.9.4 Recent Development
9.9.5 SWOT Analysis
10 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
11 APPENDIX
11.1 Methodology
11.2 Research Data Source
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Figure Shortening Product Picture
Table Global Shortening Market Sales Volume and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type
Table Shortening Market Consumption (Sales Volume) Comparison by Application (2017-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Market Size (Revenue, Million USD) and CAGR (%) (2017-2027)
Figure United States Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Europe Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure China Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Japan Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure India Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Latin America Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Middle East and Africa Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Market Sales Volume Status and Outlook (2017-2027)
Table Global Macroeconomic Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status Overview
Table Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Shortening Industry Development
Table Global Shortening Sales Volume by Player (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Sales Volume Share by Player (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Sales Volume Share by Player in 2021
Table Shortening Revenue (Million USD) by Player (2017-2022)
Table Shortening Revenue Market Share by Player (2017-2022)
Table Shortening Price by Player (2017-2022)
Table Shortening Gross Margin by Player (2017-2022)
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global Shortening Sales Volume, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Sales Volume Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Sales Volume Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Sales Volume Market Share, Region Wise in 2021
Table Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD), Region Wise (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Revenue Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue Market Share, Region Wise in 2021
Table Global Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table United States Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Europe Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table China Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Japan Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table India Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Southeast Asia Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Latin America Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Middle East and Africa Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Sales Volume by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Sales Volume Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Sales Volume Market Share by Type in 2021
Table Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021
Table Shortening Price by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate of All Purpose Shortening (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of All Purpose Shortening (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate of Emulsified Shortening (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Emulsified Shortening (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate of High Stability Shortening (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of High Stability Shortening (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Consumption by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Consumption Revenue (Million USD) by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Consumption Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate of Baking (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate of Frying (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate of Confectionery and Pastry (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate of Other (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Price and Trend Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure USA Shortening Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure USA Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Shortening Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure China Shortening Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure China Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Shortening Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure India Shortening Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure India Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Shortening Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Latin America Shortening Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Latin America Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Middle East and Africa Shortening Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Middle East and Africa Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Table Global Shortening Market Sales Volume Forecast, by Type
Table Global Shortening Sales Volume Market Share Forecast, by Type
Table Global Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) Forecast, by Type
Table Global Shortening Revenue Market Share Forecast, by Type
Table Global Shortening Price Forecast, by Type
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of All Purpose Shortening (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of All Purpose Shortening (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Emulsified Shortening (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Emulsified Shortening (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of High Stability Shortening (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of High Stability Shortening (2022-2027)
Table Global Shortening Market Consumption Forecast, by Application
Table Global Shortening Consumption Market Share Forecast, by Application
Table Global Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) Forecast, by Application
Table Global Shortening Revenue Market Share Forecast, by Application
Figure Global Shortening Consumption Value (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Baking (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Consumption Value (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Frying (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Consumption Value (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Confectionery and Pastry (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Consumption Value (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Other (2022-2027)
Figure Shortening Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Key Raw Materials Suppliers and Price Analysis
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
Table Alternative Product Analysis
Table Downstream Distributors
Table Downstream Buyers
Table Puratos Profile
Table Puratos Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Puratos Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Puratos Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table Zeelandia Profile
Table Zeelandia Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Zeelandia Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Zeelandia Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table Walter Rau Profile
Table Walter Rau Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Walter Rau Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Walter Rau Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table HAS Group Profile
Table HAS Group Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure HAS Group Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure HAS Group Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table Princes Group Profile
Table Princes Group Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Princes Group Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Princes Group Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table AAK Profile
Table AAK Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure AAK Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure AAK Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table VFI GmbH Profile
Table VFI GmbH Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure VFI GmbH Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure VFI GmbH Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table Olenex Profile
Table Olenex Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Olenex Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Olenex Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table ADM Profile
Table ADM Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure ADM Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure ADM Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Shortening Product Picture
Table Global Shortening Market Sales Volume and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type
Table Shortening Market Consumption (Sales Volume) Comparison by Application (2017-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Market Size (Revenue, Million USD) and CAGR (%) (2017-2027)
Figure United States Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Europe Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure China Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Japan Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure India Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Latin America Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Middle East and Africa Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Market Sales Volume Status and Outlook (2017-2027)
Table Global Macroeconomic Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status Overview
Table Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Shortening Industry Development
Table Global Shortening Sales Volume by Player (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Sales Volume Share by Player (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Sales Volume Share by Player in 2021
Table Shortening Revenue (Million USD) by Player (2017-2022)
Table Shortening Revenue Market Share by Player (2017-2022)
Table Shortening Price by Player (2017-2022)
Table Shortening Gross Margin by Player (2017-2022)
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global Shortening Sales Volume, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Sales Volume Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Sales Volume Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Sales Volume Market Share, Region Wise in 2021
Table Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD), Region Wise (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Revenue Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue Market Share, Region Wise in 2021
Table Global Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table United States Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Europe Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table China Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Japan Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table India Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Southeast Asia Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Latin America Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Middle East and Africa Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Sales Volume by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Sales Volume Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Sales Volume Market Share by Type in 2021
Table Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021
Table Shortening Price by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate of All Purpose Shortening (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of All Purpose Shortening (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate of Emulsified Shortening (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Emulsified Shortening (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate of High Stability Shortening (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of High Stability Shortening (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Consumption by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Consumption Revenue (Million USD) by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Consumption Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate of Baking (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate of Frying (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate of Confectionery and Pastry (2017-2022)
Table Global Shortening Consumption and Growth Rate of Other (2017-2022)
Figure Global Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Price and Trend Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure USA Shortening Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure USA Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Shortening Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure China Shortening Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure China Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Shortening Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure India Shortening Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure India Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Shortening Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Latin America Shortening Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Latin America Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Middle East and Africa Shortening Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Middle East and Africa Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Table Global Shortening Market Sales Volume Forecast, by Type
Table Global Shortening Sales Volume Market Share Forecast, by Type
Table Global Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) Forecast, by Type
Table Global Shortening Revenue Market Share Forecast, by Type
Table Global Shortening Price Forecast, by Type
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of All Purpose Shortening (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of All Purpose Shortening (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Emulsified Shortening (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Emulsified Shortening (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of High Stability Shortening (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of High Stability Shortening (2022-2027)
Table Global Shortening Market Consumption Forecast, by Application
Table Global Shortening Consumption Market Share Forecast, by Application
Table Global Shortening Market Revenue (Million USD) Forecast, by Application
Table Global Shortening Revenue Market Share Forecast, by Application
Figure Global Shortening Consumption Value (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Baking (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Consumption Value (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Frying (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Consumption Value (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Confectionery and Pastry (2022-2027)
Figure Global Shortening Consumption Value (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Other (2022-2027)
Figure Shortening Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Key Raw Materials Suppliers and Price Analysis
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
Table Alternative Product Analysis
Table Downstream Distributors
Table Downstream Buyers
Table Puratos Profile
Table Puratos Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Puratos Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Puratos Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table Zeelandia Profile
Table Zeelandia Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Zeelandia Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Zeelandia Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table Walter Rau Profile
Table Walter Rau Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Walter Rau Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Walter Rau Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table HAS Group Profile
Table HAS Group Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure HAS Group Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure HAS Group Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table Princes Group Profile
Table Princes Group Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Princes Group Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Princes Group Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table AAK Profile
Table AAK Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure AAK Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure AAK Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table VFI GmbH Profile
Table VFI GmbH Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure VFI GmbH Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure VFI GmbH Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table Olenex Profile
Table Olenex Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Olenex Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Olenex Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table ADM Profile
Table ADM Shortening Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure ADM Shortening Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure ADM Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
