Diet Candy Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

April 2022 | 78 pages | ID: D0C4C0AA192FEN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

This report contains market size and forecasts of Diet Candy in global, including the following market information:

Global Diet Candy Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Diet Candy Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (Tons)

Global top five Diet Candy companies in 2021 (%)

The global Diet Candy market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2022-2028.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Nutritive Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Diet Candy include Tootsie Roll, Mars, Carmit Candy, Twizzlers TruJoy Sweets, Hersey, Nestle, Russel Strover, Toms Confectionary and Canel. etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Diet Candy manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Diet Candy Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Tons)

Global Diet Candy Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Nutritive
• Non-nutritive

Global Diet Candy Market, by Distribution Channel, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Tons)

Global Diet Candy Market Segment Percentages, by Distribution Channel, 2021 (%)

• Supermarkets
• Independent Retailers
• Convenience Stores
• E-commerce Platform

Global Diet Candy Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Tons)

Global Diet Candy Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Diet Candy revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Diet Candy revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Diet Candy sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (Tons)

Key companies Diet Candy sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• Tootsie Roll
• Mars
• Carmit Candy
• Twizzlers TruJoy Sweets
• Hersey
• Nestle
• Russel Strover
• Toms Confectionary
• Canel

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Diet Candy Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Distribution Channel
1.3 Global Diet Candy Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL DIET CANDY OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Diet Candy Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Diet Candy Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Diet Candy Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Diet Candy Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Diet Candy Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Diet Candy Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Diet Candy Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Diet Candy Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Diet Candy Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Diet Candy Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Diet Candy Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Diet Candy Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Diet Candy Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Diet Candy Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Nutritive
  4.1.3 Non-nutritive
4.2 By Type - Global Diet Candy Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Diet Candy Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Diet Candy Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Diet Candy Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Diet Candy Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Diet Candy Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Diet Candy Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Diet Candy Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Diet Candy Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Distribution Channel - Global Diet Candy Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Supermarkets
  5.1.3 Independent Retailers
  5.1.4 Convenience Stores
  5.1.5 E-commerce Platform
5.2 By Distribution Channel - Global Diet Candy Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Distribution Channel - Global Diet Candy Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Distribution Channel - Global Diet Candy Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Distribution Channel - Global Diet Candy Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Distribution Channel - Global Diet Candy Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Distribution Channel - Global Diet Candy Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Distribution Channel - Global Diet Candy Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Distribution Channel - Global Diet Candy Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Distribution Channel - Global Diet Candy Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Diet Candy Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Diet Candy Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Diet Candy Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Diet Candy Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Diet Candy Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Diet Candy Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Diet Candy Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Diet Candy Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Diet Candy Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Diet Candy Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Diet Candy Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Diet Candy Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Diet Candy Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Diet Candy Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Diet Candy Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Diet Candy Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Diet Candy Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Diet Candy Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Diet Candy Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Diet Candy Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 Tootsie Roll
  7.1.1 Tootsie Roll Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 Tootsie Roll Business Overview
  7.1.3 Tootsie Roll Diet Candy Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 Tootsie Roll Diet Candy Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 Tootsie Roll Key News
7.2 Mars
  7.2.1 Mars Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 Mars Business Overview
  7.2.3 Mars Diet Candy Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 Mars Diet Candy Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 Mars Key News
7.3 Carmit Candy
  7.3.1 Carmit Candy Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Carmit Candy Business Overview
  7.3.3 Carmit Candy Diet Candy Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Carmit Candy Diet Candy Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 Carmit Candy Key News
7.4 Twizzlers TruJoy Sweets
  7.4.1 Twizzlers TruJoy Sweets Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Twizzlers TruJoy Sweets Business Overview
  7.4.3 Twizzlers TruJoy Sweets Diet Candy Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Twizzlers TruJoy Sweets Diet Candy Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 Twizzlers TruJoy Sweets Key News
7.5 Hersey
  7.5.1 Hersey Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Hersey Business Overview
  7.5.3 Hersey Diet Candy Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Hersey Diet Candy Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 Hersey Key News
7.6 Nestle
  7.6.1 Nestle Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 Nestle Business Overview
  7.6.3 Nestle Diet Candy Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 Nestle Diet Candy Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 Nestle Key News
7.7 Russel Strover
  7.7.1 Russel Strover Corporate Summary
  7.7.2 Russel Strover Business Overview
  7.7.3 Russel Strover Diet Candy Major Product Offerings
  7.7.4 Russel Strover Diet Candy Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.7.5 Russel Strover Key News
7.8 Toms Confectionary
  7.8.1 Toms Confectionary Corporate Summary
  7.8.2 Toms Confectionary Business Overview
  7.8.3 Toms Confectionary Diet Candy Major Product Offerings
  7.8.4 Toms Confectionary Diet Candy Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.8.5 Toms Confectionary Key News
7.9 Canel
  7.9.1 Canel Corporate Summary
  7.9.2 Canel Business Overview
  7.9.3 Canel Diet Candy Major Product Offerings
  7.9.4 Canel Diet Candy Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.9.5 Canel Key News

8 GLOBAL DIET CANDY PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Diet Candy Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Diet Candy Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Diet Candy Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 DIET CANDY SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Diet Candy Industry Value Chain
10.2 Diet Candy Upstream Market
10.3 Diet Candy Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Diet Candy Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Diet Candy in Global Market
Table 2. Top Diet Candy Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Diet Candy Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Diet Candy Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Diet Candy Sales by Companies, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Diet Candy Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Diet Candy Price (2017-2022) & (US$/Ton)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Diet Candy Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Diet Candy Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Diet Candy Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Diet Candy Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Diet Candy Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Diet Candy Sales (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Diet Candy Sales (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Distribution Channel – Global Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Distribution Channel - Global Diet Candy Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Distribution Channel - Global Diet Candy Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Distribution Channel - Global Diet Candy Sales (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Distribution Channel - Global Diet Candy Sales (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Diet Candy Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Diet Candy Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Diet Candy Sales (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Diet Candy Sales (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Diet Candy Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Diet Candy Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Diet Candy Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Diet Candy Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Diet Candy Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Diet Candy Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Diet Candy Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Diet Candy Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Diet Candy Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Diet Candy Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 46. Tootsie Roll Corporate Summary
Table 47. Tootsie Roll Diet Candy Product Offerings
Table 48. Tootsie Roll Diet Candy Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Mars Corporate Summary
Table 50. Mars Diet Candy Product Offerings
Table 51. Mars Diet Candy Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Carmit Candy Corporate Summary
Table 53. Carmit Candy Diet Candy Product Offerings
Table 54. Carmit Candy Diet Candy Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Twizzlers TruJoy Sweets Corporate Summary
Table 56. Twizzlers TruJoy Sweets Diet Candy Product Offerings
Table 57. Twizzlers TruJoy Sweets Diet Candy Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Hersey Corporate Summary
Table 59. Hersey Diet Candy Product Offerings
Table 60. Hersey Diet Candy Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Nestle Corporate Summary
Table 62. Nestle Diet Candy Product Offerings
Table 63. Nestle Diet Candy Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Russel Strover Corporate Summary
Table 65. Russel Strover Diet Candy Product Offerings
Table 66. Russel Strover Diet Candy Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Toms Confectionary Corporate Summary
Table 68. Toms Confectionary Diet Candy Product Offerings
Table 69. Toms Confectionary Diet Candy Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 70. Canel Corporate Summary
Table 71. Canel Diet Candy Product Offerings
Table 72. Canel Diet Candy Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 73. Diet Candy Production Capacity (Tons) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (Tons)
Table 74. Global Diet Candy Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 75. Global Diet Candy Production by Region, 2017-2022 (Tons)
Table 76. Global Diet Candy Production by Region, 2023-2028 (Tons)
Table 77. Diet Candy Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 78. Diet Candy Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 79. Diet Candy Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 80. Diet Candy Raw Materials
Table 81. Diet Candy Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 82. Typical Diet Candy Downstream
Table 83. Diet Candy Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 84. Diet Candy Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Diet Candy Segment by Type
Figure 2. Diet Candy Segment by Distribution Channel
Figure 3. Global Diet Candy Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Diet Candy Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Diet Candy Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Diet Candy Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (Tons)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Diet Candy Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Diet Candy Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Diet Candy Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Diet Candy Price (US$/Ton), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Distribution Channel - Global Diet Candy Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Distribution Channel - Global Diet Candy Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Distribution Channel - Global Diet Candy Price (US$/Ton), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Diet Candy Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Diet Candy Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Diet Candy Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Diet Candy Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Diet Candy Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Diet Candy Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Diet Candy Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Diet Candy Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Diet Candy Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Diet Candy Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Diet Candy Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Diet Candy Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Diet Candy Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Diet Candy Production Capacity (Tons), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Diet Candy by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Diet Candy Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels