[email protected] +44 20 8123 2220 (UK) +1 732 587 5005 (US) Contact Us | FAQ |

United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market Report 2017

October 2017 | 112 pages | ID: U1336EE095EPEN
QYResearch

US$ 3,800.00

E-mail Delivery (PDF)

Download PDF Leaflet

Accepted cards
Wire Transfer
Checkout Later
Need Help? Ask a Question
In this report, the United States Bench-Top Autoclave market is valued at USD XX million in 2016 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022.

Geographically, this report splits the United States market into seven regions:
  • The West
  • Southwest
  • The Middle Atlantic
  • New England
  • The South
  • The Midwest
  • with sales (volume), revenue (value), market share and growth rate of Bench-Top Autoclave in these regions, from 2012 to 2022 (forecast).
United States Bench-Top Autoclave market competition by top manufacturers/players, with Bench-Top Autoclave sales volume, price, revenue (Million USD) and market share for each manufacturer/player; the top players including
  • BenQ Medical Technology
  • Bondtech Corporation
  • HP Medizintechnik
  • Sercon Group
  • Matachana
  • Elektro-mag
  • Biobase
  • Tau Steril
  • Cominox
  • Priorclave
  • Sanjor
  • Sturdy Industrial
  • Namrol
  • FALC
  • Prestige Medical Limited
  • St. Francis Medical Equipment
  • Eschmann Equipment
  • Hanshin Medical
  • Siltex
On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into
  • Steam
  • Dry Heat
  • Ultraviolet Ray
  • Other
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Bench-Top Autoclave for each application, including
  • Hospital
  • Laboratory
  • Biopharma Company
  • Veterinary
  • Other
If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.
United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market Report 2017

1 BENCH-TOP AUTOCLAVE OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Bench-Top Autoclave
1.2 Classification of Bench-Top Autoclave by Product Category
  1.2.1 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market Size (Sales Volume) Comparison by Type (2012-2022)
  1.2.2 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market Size (Sales Volume) Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2016
  1.2.3 Steam
  1.2.4 Dry Heat
  1.2.5 Ultraviolet Ray
  1.2.6 Other
1.3 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market Size (Consumption) and Market Share Comparison by Application (2012-2022)
  1.3.2 Hospital
  1.3.3 Laboratory
  1.3.4 Biopharma Company
  1.3.5 Veterinary
  1.3.6 Other
1.4 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market by Region
  1.4.1 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market Size (Value) Comparison by Region (2012-2022)
  1.4.2 The West Bench-Top Autoclave Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.3 Southwest Bench-Top Autoclave Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.4 The Middle Atlantic Bench-Top Autoclave Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.5 New England Bench-Top Autoclave Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.6 The South Bench-Top Autoclave Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.7 The Midwest Bench-Top Autoclave Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.5 United States Market Size (Value and Volume) of Bench-Top Autoclave (2012-2022)
  1.5.1 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
  1.5.2 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

2 UNITED STATES BENCH-TOP AUTOCLAVE MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS

2.1 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
2.2 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue and Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
2.3 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Average Price by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
2.4 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Suppliers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in United States Market
2.5 United States Players/Suppliers Bench-Top Autoclave Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type

3 UNITED STATES BENCH-TOP AUTOCLAVE SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2012-2017)

3.1 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.2 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.3 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Price by Region (2012-2017)

4 UNITED STATES BENCH-TOP AUTOCLAVE SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY TYPE (PRODUCT CATEGORY) (2012-2017)

4.1 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales and Market Share by Type (Product Category) (2012-2017)
4.2 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
4.3 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Price by Type (2012-2017)
4.4 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)

5 UNITED STATES BENCH-TOP AUTOCLAVE SALES (VOLUME) BY APPLICATION (2012-2017)

5.1 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
5.2 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 UNITED STATES BENCH-TOP AUTOCLAVE PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

6.1 BenQ Medical Technology
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 Bench-Top Autoclave Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.1.2.1 Product A
    6.1.2.2 Product B
  6.1.3 BenQ Medical Technology Bench-Top Autoclave Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 Bondtech Corporation
  6.2.2 Bench-Top Autoclave Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.2.2.1 Product A
    6.2.2.2 Product B
  6.2.3 Bondtech Corporation Bench-Top Autoclave Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 HP Medizintechnik
  6.3.2 Bench-Top Autoclave Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.3.2.1 Product A
    6.3.2.2 Product B
  6.3.3 HP Medizintechnik Bench-Top Autoclave Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 Sercon Group
  6.4.2 Bench-Top Autoclave Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.4.2.1 Product A
    6.4.2.2 Product B
  6.4.3 Sercon Group Bench-Top Autoclave Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 Matachana
  6.5.2 Bench-Top Autoclave Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.5.2.1 Product A
    6.5.2.2 Product B
  6.5.3 Matachana Bench-Top Autoclave Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 Elektro-mag
  6.6.2 Bench-Top Autoclave Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.6.2.1 Product A
    6.6.2.2 Product B
  6.6.3 Elektro-mag Bench-Top Autoclave Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 Biobase
  6.7.2 Bench-Top Autoclave Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.7.2.1 Product A
    6.7.2.2 Product B
  6.7.3 Biobase Bench-Top Autoclave Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 Tau Steril
  6.8.2 Bench-Top Autoclave Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.8.2.1 Product A
    6.8.2.2 Product B
  6.8.3 Tau Steril Bench-Top Autoclave Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 Cominox
  6.9.2 Bench-Top Autoclave Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.9.2.1 Product A
    6.9.2.2 Product B
  6.9.3 Cominox Bench-Top Autoclave Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.10 Priorclave
  6.10.2 Bench-Top Autoclave Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.10.2.1 Product A
    6.10.2.2 Product B
  6.10.3 Priorclave Bench-Top Autoclave Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.11 Sanjor
6.12 Sturdy Industrial
6.13 Namrol
6.14 FALC
6.15 Prestige Medical Limited
6.16 St. Francis Medical Equipment
6.17 Eschmann Equipment
6.18 Hanshin Medical
6.19 Siltex

7 BENCH-TOP AUTOCLAVE MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

7.1 Bench-Top Autoclave Key Raw Materials Analysis
  7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  7.2.1 Raw Materials
  7.2.2 Labor Cost
  7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Bench-Top Autoclave

8 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

8.1 Bench-Top Autoclave Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Bench-Top Autoclave Major Manufacturers in 2016
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

9.1 Marketing Channel
  9.1.1 Direct Marketing
  9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
  9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  9.2.2 Brand Strategy
  9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 UNITED STATES BENCH-TOP AUTOCLAVE MARKET SIZE (VALUE AND VOLUME) FORECAST (2017-2022)

11.1 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Volume, Revenue Forecast (2017-2022)
11.2 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
11.3 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Volume Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
11.4 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

13 APPENDIX

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
  13.2.1 Secondary Sources
  13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer


The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.


LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Product Picture of Bench-Top Autoclave
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market Size (K Units) by Type (2012-2022)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Volume Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2016
Figure Steam Product Picture
Figure Dry Heat Product Picture
Figure Ultraviolet Ray Product Picture
Figure Other Product Picture
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market Size (K Units) by Application (2012-2022)
Figure United States Sales Market Share of Bench-Top Autoclave by Application in 2016
Figure Hospital Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Hospital
Figure Laboratory Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Laboratory
Figure Biopharma Company Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Biopharma Company
Figure Veterinary Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Veterinary
Figure Other Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Other
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market Size (Million USD) by Region (2012-2022)
Figure The West Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Southwest Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure The Middle Atlantic Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure New England Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure The South of US Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure The Midwest Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market Major Players Product Sales Volume (K Units) (2012-2017)
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales (K Units) of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market Major Players Product Revenue (Million USD) (2012-2017)
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue (Million USD) by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Table United States Market Bench-Top Autoclave Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Figure United States Market Bench-Top Autoclave Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers in 2016
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market Share of Top 3 Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Market Share of Top 5 Players/Suppliers
Table United States Players/Suppliers Bench-Top Autoclave Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table United States Players/Suppliers Bench-Top Autoclave Product Category
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales (K Units) by Region (2012-2017)
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Market Share by Region in 2016
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue Market Share by Region in 2016
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Price (USD/Unit) by Region (2012-2017)
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales (K Units) by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Market Share by Type in 2016
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Bench-Top Autoclave by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Bench-Top Autoclave by Type in 2016
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Price (USD/Unit) by Types (2012-2017)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales (K Units) by Application (2012-2017)
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Market Share by Application in 2016
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Table BenQ Medical Technology Basic Information List
Table BenQ Medical Technology Bench-Top Autoclave Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure BenQ Medical Technology Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure BenQ Medical Technology Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure BenQ Medical Technology Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Bondtech Corporation Basic Information List
Table Bondtech Corporation Bench-Top Autoclave Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Bondtech Corporation Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Bondtech Corporation Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Bondtech Corporation Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table HP Medizintechnik Basic Information List
Table HP Medizintechnik Bench-Top Autoclave Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure HP Medizintechnik Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure HP Medizintechnik Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure HP Medizintechnik Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Sercon Group Basic Information List
Table Sercon Group Bench-Top Autoclave Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Sercon Group Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Sercon Group Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Sercon Group Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Matachana Basic Information List
Table Matachana Bench-Top Autoclave Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Matachana Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Matachana Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Matachana Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Elektro-mag Basic Information List
Table Elektro-mag Bench-Top Autoclave Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Elektro-mag Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Elektro-mag Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Elektro-mag Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Biobase Basic Information List
Table Biobase Bench-Top Autoclave Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Biobase Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Biobase Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Biobase Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Tau Steril Basic Information List
Table Tau Steril Bench-Top Autoclave Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Tau Steril Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Tau Steril Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Tau Steril Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Cominox Basic Information List
Table Cominox Bench-Top Autoclave Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Cominox Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Cominox Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Cominox Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Priorclave Basic Information List
Table Priorclave Bench-Top Autoclave Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Priorclave Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Priorclave Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Priorclave Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Sanjor Basic Information List
Table Sturdy Industrial Basic Information List
Table Namrol Basic Information List
Table FALC Basic Information List
Table Prestige Medical Limited Basic Information List
Table St. Francis Medical Equipment Basic Information List
Table Eschmann Equipment Basic Information List
Table Hanshin Medical Basic Information List
Table Siltex Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Bench-Top Autoclave
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Bench-Top Autoclave
Figure Bench-Top Autoclave Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Bench-Top Autoclave Major Players/Suppliers in 2016
Table Major Buyers of Bench-Top Autoclave
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Price (USD/Unit) Trend Forecast (2017-2022)
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type in 2022
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application in 2022
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Table United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Figure United States Bench-Top Autoclave Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region in 2022
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources


More Publications