Refrigeration Coolers Market by Offering (Condensers, Compressors, Evaporators, Air Cooler), Mobility (Stationary, Portable), Refrigerant Type (Ammonia, Carbon Dioxide, HFC/HFO, Propane, Glycol, Brine, Hydrocarbon Blends) - Global Forecast to 2029
'The global refrigeration coolers market was valued at USD 4.19 billion in 2024 and is estimated to reach USD 5.74 billion by 2029, registering a CAGR of 6.5% during the forecast period. Rising urbanization, regulatory requirements for cooling refrigerants, growth in online grocery shopping, efficient cold storage and transportation solutions, growth in refrigeration technology, and transition to more environmentally friendly refrigerants are leading to market growth. These and other strategies foster a reasonable setting for the refrigeration coolers market.
“Ammonia to contribute significant share in refrigeration coolers market.”
Ammonia refrigerant, therefore, is expected to grow strongly in the refrigeration coolers market because of its excellent thermodynamic properties, energy efficiency, and environmental benefits. Industries will have to reduce their carbon footprints because there is an increasing international tendency to oblige with sterner regulations on environmental issues that border on climate change, depleting the ozone layer, and others. High efficiency, lower energy consumption, and high-scale application in industrial refrigeration and cold storage also has promising prospects for large-scale growth. Moreover, the safety and performance improvements of ammonia refrigeration technologies promote more extensive acceptance. Thus, by meeting sustainability requirements, ammonia as a refrigerant is posed for healthy growth in the market.
“Portable mobility to grow significantly in the refrigeration coolers market.”
In 2023, the portable mobility segment accounted for a larger market share, and a similar trend is likely to be observed during the forecast period, as the use of refrigeration coolers systems is on the rise in newly emerging applications such as logistics & warehousing. There is great potential for portable refrigeration coolers, as they can be carried everywhere and used anywhere to satisfy convenience and growing demand in a variety of applications. The growth of more street food vendors and food trucks has increased the demand for efficient and compact refrigeration solutions that are portable and can be easily transported and set up in different locations. Similarly, the technology trends in this area have given birth to energy-efficient, lighter, portable coolers, which further contribute to the growing demands among consumers and firms as well. With changing lifestyle and consumer preferences, the market for portable refrigeration coolers will rise significantly.
“Asia Pacific will contribute significantly to the growth rate in refrigeration coolers market.”
Asia Pacific is poised to contribute a significant share to the refrigeration coolers market for several compelling reasons, by increasing adoption of energy-efficient refrigeration technologies in Asia Pacific countries due to environmental regulations and more awareness towards sustainable practices. First, the government supports refrigerants like ammonia and CO? that are not only environmentally friendly but also contribute to the trend that is currently worldwide in helping alleviate the impact of refrigerator systems on the environment. On the other hand, the region's pharmaceutical-based manufacturing facilities have always had a high demand for refrigeration coolers. With growth in e-commerce and online grocery platforms requiring efficient cold chains, these factors are also driving Asia Pacific's growth in the refrigeration coolers market.
In-depth interviews have been conducted with chief executive officers (CEOs), Directors, and other executives from various key organizations operating in the refrigeration coolers market place.
The study includes an in-depth competitive analysis of these key players in the refrigeration coolers market, with their company profiles, recent developments, and key market strategies.
Research Coverage
This research report categorizes the refrigeration coolers market by offering, refrigerant, industry, mobility and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific). The report scope covers detailed information regarding the major factors, such as drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities, influencing the growth of the refrigeration coolers market. A detailed analysis of the key industry players has provided insights into their business overview, solutions and services, key strategies, Contracts, partnerships, and agreements. New product and service launches, acquisitions, and recent developments associated with the refrigeration coolers market. This report covers competitive analysis of upcoming startups in the refrigeration coolers market ecosystem.
Reasons to buy this report
The report will help the market leaders/new entrants with information on the closest approximations of the revenue numbers for the refrigeration coolers market, and subsegments. This report will help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights to position their businesses better and plan suitable go-to-market strategies. The report also helps stakeholders understand the market pulse and provides information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
The report provides insights on the following pointers:
“Ammonia to contribute significant share in refrigeration coolers market.”
Ammonia refrigerant, therefore, is expected to grow strongly in the refrigeration coolers market because of its excellent thermodynamic properties, energy efficiency, and environmental benefits. Industries will have to reduce their carbon footprints because there is an increasing international tendency to oblige with sterner regulations on environmental issues that border on climate change, depleting the ozone layer, and others. High efficiency, lower energy consumption, and high-scale application in industrial refrigeration and cold storage also has promising prospects for large-scale growth. Moreover, the safety and performance improvements of ammonia refrigeration technologies promote more extensive acceptance. Thus, by meeting sustainability requirements, ammonia as a refrigerant is posed for healthy growth in the market.
“Portable mobility to grow significantly in the refrigeration coolers market.”
In 2023, the portable mobility segment accounted for a larger market share, and a similar trend is likely to be observed during the forecast period, as the use of refrigeration coolers systems is on the rise in newly emerging applications such as logistics & warehousing. There is great potential for portable refrigeration coolers, as they can be carried everywhere and used anywhere to satisfy convenience and growing demand in a variety of applications. The growth of more street food vendors and food trucks has increased the demand for efficient and compact refrigeration solutions that are portable and can be easily transported and set up in different locations. Similarly, the technology trends in this area have given birth to energy-efficient, lighter, portable coolers, which further contribute to the growing demands among consumers and firms as well. With changing lifestyle and consumer preferences, the market for portable refrigeration coolers will rise significantly.
“Asia Pacific will contribute significantly to the growth rate in refrigeration coolers market.”
Asia Pacific is poised to contribute a significant share to the refrigeration coolers market for several compelling reasons, by increasing adoption of energy-efficient refrigeration technologies in Asia Pacific countries due to environmental regulations and more awareness towards sustainable practices. First, the government supports refrigerants like ammonia and CO? that are not only environmentally friendly but also contribute to the trend that is currently worldwide in helping alleviate the impact of refrigerator systems on the environment. On the other hand, the region's pharmaceutical-based manufacturing facilities have always had a high demand for refrigeration coolers. With growth in e-commerce and online grocery platforms requiring efficient cold chains, these factors are also driving Asia Pacific's growth in the refrigeration coolers market.
In-depth interviews have been conducted with chief executive officers (CEOs), Directors, and other executives from various key organizations operating in the refrigeration coolers market place.
- By Company Type: Tier 1 – 40%, Tier 2 – 35%, and Tier 3 – 25%
- By Designation: C-level Executives – 48%, Directors – 33%, and Others – 19%
- By Region: North America– 35%, Europe – 18%, Asia Pacific– 40% and RoW- 7%
The study includes an in-depth competitive analysis of these key players in the refrigeration coolers market, with their company profiles, recent developments, and key market strategies.
Research Coverage
This research report categorizes the refrigeration coolers market by offering, refrigerant, industry, mobility and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific). The report scope covers detailed information regarding the major factors, such as drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities, influencing the growth of the refrigeration coolers market. A detailed analysis of the key industry players has provided insights into their business overview, solutions and services, key strategies, Contracts, partnerships, and agreements. New product and service launches, acquisitions, and recent developments associated with the refrigeration coolers market. This report covers competitive analysis of upcoming startups in the refrigeration coolers market ecosystem.
Reasons to buy this report
The report will help the market leaders/new entrants with information on the closest approximations of the revenue numbers for the refrigeration coolers market, and subsegments. This report will help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights to position their businesses better and plan suitable go-to-market strategies. The report also helps stakeholders understand the market pulse and provides information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
The report provides insights on the following pointers:
- Analysis of key drivers (growing investments in refrigerated warehouses/cold storage, rising demand for frozen and processed foods worldwide, rising demand for innovative and compact refrigeration coolers, and growing adoption of natural refrigerant-based systems due to stringent regulatory policies), restraints (High Installation cost ), opportunities (growing popularity of CO2-based cascade refrigeration systems and rising demand for frozen and processed food worldwide), and challenges (the lack of skilled personnel and growing safety concerns pose, setup issues associated with refrigeration coolers systems) influencing the growth of the refrigeration coolers market.
- Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities, and new product launches in the refrigeration coolers market
- Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets – the report analyses the refrigeration coolers market across varied regions.
- Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the refrigeration coolers market
- Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, growth strategies, and service offerings of leading players like as Johnson Controls International plc (Ireland), LU-VE SPA (Italy), Lennox International (US), Kelvion Holding GmbH (Germany), Rivacold srl (Italy) among others in the refrigeration coolers market.'
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION
1.3 STUDY SCOPE
1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONAL SCOPE
1.3.2 YEARS CONSIDERED
1.3.3 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS
1.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED
1.5 UNITS CONSIDERED
1.6 LIMITATIONS
1.7 STAKEHOLDERS
1.8 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 RESEARCH DATA
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA
2.1.1.1 Key secondary sources
2.1.1.2 Key data from secondary sources
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA
2.1.2.1 Intended participants in primary interviews
2.1.2.2 Key primary interview participants
2.1.2.3 Breakdown of primaries
2.1.2.4 Key industry insights
2.1.2.5 Key data from primary sources
2.1.3 SECONDARY AND PRIMARY RESEARCH
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
2.2.1.1 Bottom-up approach for estimating market size
2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH
2.2.2.1 Top-down approach for estimating market size
2.3 MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION
2.4 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS
2.5 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
2.6 RISK ASSESSMENT
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS
4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET
4.2 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET, BY OFFERING
4.3 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET, BY MOBILITY
4.4 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET, BY REFRIGERANT
5 MARKET OVERVIEW
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS
5.2.1 DRIVERS
5.2.1.1 Increasing investments in refrigerated warehouses/cold storage facilities
5.2.1.2 Growing demand for frozen and processed foods
5.2.1.3 Shift towards low GWP refrigerants
5.2.1.4 Changes in global weather patterns
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS
5.2.2.1 High installation and operational costs
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES
5.2.3.1 Increasing demand for FMCG products
5.2.3.2 Adoption of IoT in refrigeration technologies
5.2.3.3 Surging demand for walk-in coolers
5.2.3.4 Growing demand in emerging applications such as healthcare and logistics
5.2.4 CHALLENGES
5.2.4.1 Lack of skilled personnel and safety concerns
5.2.4.2 Complexity associated with installation of refrigeration cooling systems
5.3 AI IMPACT ON REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET
5.4 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
5.4.1 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D)
5.4.2 COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS
5.4.3 DISTRIBUTORS/RESELLERS
5.4.4 ASSEMBLERS/INSTALLERS/INTEGRATORS
5.4.5 END USERS
5.4.6 AFTER-SALES SERVICES
5.5 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
5.6 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO
5.7 PRICING ANALYSIS
5.7.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF KEY PLAYERS, BY COMPONENT
5.8 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS
5.9 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
5.9.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES
5.9.1.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
5.9.1.2 Internet of Things (IoT)
5.9.2 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES
5.9.2.1 Automation
5.9.3 ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES
5.9.3.1 Shell and tube heat exchanger
5.9.3.2 Spiral heat exchanger
5.9.3.3 Plate heat exchanger
5.9.3.4 Plate-fin heat exchanger
5.10 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
5.10.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
5.10.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
5.10.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
5.10.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
5.10.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
5.11 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA
5.11.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS
5.11.2 BUYING CRITERIA
5.12 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
5.12.1 DANFOSS INSTALLS COMPRESSOR SYSTEM AT ANANDA FOODS (INDIA)
5.12.2 LU-VE GROUP OFFERS COLD STORAGE SOLUTIONS FOR CARREFOUR SUPERMARKET IN ITALY
5.12.3 CARREFOUR'S NORTH-WEST LOGISTICS CENTER IN RIVALTA, TURIN, ADOPTS RIVACOLD'S REFRIGERATION SOLUTIONS
5.12.4 INDOSPACE AND KOOL-EX PARTNERSHIP FOR TEMPERATURE-CONTROLLED WAREHOUSING
5.12.5 INNOVATE UK, IMS EVOLVE, AND TESCO STORES INVESTIGATE DEMAND-SIDE RESPONSE IN REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
5.13 TRADE ANALYSIS
5.13.1 IMPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 841869)
5.13.2 EXPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 841869)
5.14 PATENT ANALYSIS
5.14.1 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET: LIST OF MAJOR PATENTS
5.15 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2025
5.16 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
5.16.1 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
5.16.2 STANDARDS
6 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET, BY OFFERING
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 CONDENSERS
6.2.1 AIR-COOLED
6.2.1.1 Air-cooled condensers suitable for use in water-scarce areas
6.2.2 WATER-COOLED
6.2.2.1 Demand for compact condensers fueling growth of water-cooled condensers
6.2.3 EVAPORATIVE
6.2.3.1 Regulations limiting physical size of cooling systems restricting use of evaporative condensers
6.3 COMPRESSORS
6.3.1 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORS
6.3.1.1 Increasing demand for efficient gas compression driving positive displacement compressors
6.3.2 DYNAMIC COMPRESSORS
6.3.2.1 Need for low compression with high volume flows refrigerant fueling demand for dynamic compressors
6.4 EVAPORATORS & AIR COOLERS
6.4.1 RISING DEMAND IN LARGE REFRIGERATION PLANTS AND CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING PLANTS FUELING GROWTH
6.4.2 AIR UNITS
6.4.2.1 By design type
6.4.2.1.1 Horizontal
6.4.2.1.1.1 Rising demand for refrigeration in attics or crawl spaces fueling growth of horizontal air coolers
6.4.2.1.2 Vertical
6.4.2.1.2.1 Inclination toward compact design of air coolers increasing adoption of vertical air coolers
6.4.2.1.3 V-shaped and angled designs
6.4.2.1.3.1 Demand for coolers with reduced plan dimensions driving growth of V-shaped air coolers
6.4.2.2 By implementation type
6.4.2.2.1 Ceiling/Wall
6.4.2.2.1.1 Increasing space crunch in buildings propelling adoption of ceiling/wall-mounted air coolers
6.4.2.2.2 Floor
6.4.2.2.2.1 Demand for air cooling in large rooms driving growth of floor air coolers
6.4.2.2.3 Counter/Cabinets
6.4.2.2.3.1 Rising need for air coolers in harsh environments fueling growth of counter/cabinet coolers
6.4.3 DRY COOLERS
6.4.3.1 Demand for efficient heat transfer contributing to growth of dry coolers
6.4.4 BRINE COOLERS
6.4.4.1 Rising installation of air coolers in commercial and industrial refrigeration fueling growth of brine coolers
6.4.5 BLAST/TUNNEL UNIT COOLERS
6.4.5.1 Demand for cold storage fueling adoption of blast unit coolers
7 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET, BY REFRIGERANT
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 HFC/HFO
7.2.1 MOST WIDELY USED REFRIGERANT TYPE FOR REFRIGERATION COOLERS
7.3 CO2
7.3.1 INCREASED DEMAND FOR HEAT RECOVERY FUELING ADOPTION
OF CO2 REFRIGERANTS
7.4 NH3
7.4.1 NEED FOR EFFICIENT COOLING IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS CONTRIBUTING TO GROWTH OF NH3 REFRIGERANTS
7.5 PROPANE
7.5.1 DEMAND FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY, AFFORDABLE OPTION PROPELLING ADOPTION OF PROPANE
7.6 OTHERS
7.6.1 DEMAND FOR A2L REFRIGERANTS INCREASING TO ENSURE SAFE OPERATIONS
8 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET, BY MOBILITY
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 STATIONARY
8.2.1 STATIONARY REFRIGERATION COOLERS WIDELY USED FOR RELIABLE, LARGE-SCALE, AND LONG-TERM COOLING SOLUTIONS
8.3 PORTABLE
8.3.1 INCREASED FOOD TRANSPORTATION DEMAND FUELING ADOPTION OF MOBILE/PORTABLE COOLING SYSTEMS
9 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET, BY APPLICATION
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 RETAIL
9.2.1 SUPERMARKETS
9.2.1.1 Need for continuous refrigeration propelling demand for refrigeration units in supermarkets
9.2.2 HYPERMARKETS
9.2.2.1 Demand for better visibility of food on racks increasing adoption of refrigeration coolers in hypermarkets
9.2.3 CONVENIENCE STORES & MINI MARKETS
9.2.3.1 Need for walk-in freezers in convenience stores accelerating demand for refrigeration coolers
9.2.4 HOSPITALITY
9.2.4.1 Demand for cold storage of food & beverages in hotels driving adoption of refrigeration coolers
9.3 FOOD & BEVERAGE
9.3.1 FRUIT & VEGETABLE PROCESSING
9.3.1.1 Need for preservation of fruits & vegetables for longer periods
fueling growth
9.3.2 BEVERAGE PROCESSING
9.3.2.1 Demand for fresh beverages fueling market for refrigeration coolers
9.3.3 DAIRY & ICE-CREAM PROCESSING
9.3.3.1 Need to reduce spoilage of dairy products increasing use of refrigeration coolers
9.3.4 MEAT, POULTRY & FISH PROCESSING
9.3.4.1 Demand for refrigeration coolers high in meat, poultry, and fish processing due to their limited shelf life
9.4 LOGISTICS & WAREHOUSING
9.4.1 REFRIGERATED WAREHOUSES
9.4.1.1 Need for extra surveillance and maintenance of perishable items fueling demand
9.4.2 LOGISTICS & STORAGE ROOMS
9.4.2.1 Demand for timely ripening of fruits and vegetables accelerating adoption of small storage rooms
9.5 HEALTHCARE & PHARMACEUTICALS
9.5.1 VACCINE STORAGE
9.5.1.1 Need to ensure safety, longevity, and efficacy of medical products and vaccines to drive market
9.5.2 MEDICAL DEVICES
9.5.2.1 Refrigeration coolers used to minimize material degradation of certain critical medical devices
9.6 OTHER APPLICATIONS
9.6.1 VERTICAL FARMING
9.6.2 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
9.6.3 SPECIAL APPLICATIONS
10 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET, BY REGION
10.1 INTRODUCTION
10.2 NORTH AMERICA
10.2.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR NORTH AMERICA
10.2.2 US
10.2.2.1 Strict guidelines regarding storage of food to prevent spoilage and bacterial growth driving demand
10.2.3 CANADA
10.2.3.1 Rising demand for CO2 refrigerant due to increased environmental concerns
10.2.4 MEXICO
10.2.4.1 Focus on using refrigeration units with low GWP values to drive market
10.3 EUROPE
10.3.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR EUROPE
10.3.2 GERMANY
10.3.2.1 Rising need for natural refrigerants to drive market in Germany
10.3.3 UK
10.3.3.1 Rising demand for cold storage driving market in UK
10.3.4 FRANCE
10.3.4.1 Increasing adoption of refrigeration coolers in artificial ice-skating rinks to fuel market
10.3.5 ITALY
10.3.5.1 Adoption of greener refrigeration technologies using eco-friendly refrigerants to accelerate market growth
10.3.6 REST OF EUROPE
10.4 ASIA PACIFIC
10.4.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR ASIA PACIFIC
10.4.2 CHINA
10.4.2.1 Significant increase in demand for food, drugs, cosmetics,
and cold chain logistics to drive market
10.4.3 JAPAN
10.4.3.1 Market characterized by shifting focus toward implementation of natural refrigerant-based systems
10.4.4 INDIA
10.4.4.1 Government initiatives for setting up cold chain networks across country to augment market growth
10.4.5 SOUTH KOREA
10.4.5.1 Presence of large refrigerated warehousing capacity to propel
market growth
10.4.6 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC
10.5 REST OF THE WORLD (ROW)
10.5.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR ROW
10.5.2 MIDDLE EAST
10.5.2.1 Increasing investments in warehouses and cold storage facilities to fuel demand
10.5.3 AFRICA
10.5.3.1 Food security, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and export-driven agribusiness to drive market
10.5.4 SOUTH AMERICA
10.5.4.1 Increasing demand in commercial applications, especially supermarkets, to fuel market growth
11 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
11.1 OVERVIEW
11.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2020–2024
11.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2019–2023
11.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2023
11.5 COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS
11.6 BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON
11.7 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
11.7.1 STARS
11.7.2 EMERGING LEADERS
11.7.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS
11.7.4 PARTICIPANTS
11.7.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
11.7.5.1 Company footprint
11.7.5.2 Region footprint
11.7.5.3 Offering footprint
11.7.5.4 Mobility footprint
11.7.5.5 Application footprint
11.8 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023
11.8.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES
11.8.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES
11.8.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES
11.8.4 STARTING BLOCKS
11.8.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING, STARTUPS/SMES, 2023
11.8.5.1 Detailed list of key startups/SMEs
11.8.5.2 Competitive benchmarking of key startups/SMEs
11.9 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO
11.9.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES
11.9.2 DEALS
11.9.3 EXPANSIONS
11.9.4 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS
12 COMPANY PROFILES
12.1 KEY PLAYERS
12.1.1 JOHNSON CONTROLS
12.1.1.1 Business overview
12.1.1.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.1.3 Recent developments
12.1.1.3.1 Product launches
12.1.1.3.2 Deals
12.1.1.4 MnM view
12.1.1.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win
12.1.1.4.2 Strategic choices
12.1.1.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
12.1.2 LU-VE
12.1.2.1 Business overview
12.1.2.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.2.3 Recent developments
12.1.2.3.1 Deals
12.1.2.3.2 Expansions
12.1.2.3.3 Other developments
12.1.2.4 MnM view
12.1.2.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win
12.1.2.4.2 Strategic choices
12.1.2.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
12.1.3 KELVION HOLDING GMBH
12.1.3.1 Business overview
12.1.3.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.3.3 Recent developments
12.1.3.3.1 Product launches
12.1.3.3.2 Deals
12.1.3.3.3 Expansions
12.1.3.4 MnM view
12.1.3.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win
12.1.3.4.2 Strategic choices
12.1.3.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
12.1.4 RIVACOLD SRL
12.1.4.1 Business overview
12.1.4.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.4.3 MnM view
12.1.4.3.1 Key strengths/Right to win
12.1.4.3.2 Strategic choices
12.1.4.3.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
12.1.5 LENNOX INTERNATIONAL INC.
12.1.5.1 Business overview
12.1.5.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.5.3 Recent developments
12.1.5.3.1 Product launches
12.1.5.4 MnM view
12.1.5.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win
12.1.5.4.2 Strategic choices
12.1.5.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
12.1.6 GЬNTNER GMBH & CO. KG
12.1.6.1 Business overview
12.1.6.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.7 COPELAND LP
12.1.7.1 Business overview
12.1.7.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.7.3 Recent developments
12.1.7.3.1 Product launches
12.1.7.3.2 Deals
12.1.7.3.3 Expansions
12.1.8 DANFOSS
12.1.8.1 Business overview
12.1.8.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.8.3 Recent developments
12.1.8.3.1 Product launches
12.1.8.3.2 Deals
12.1.8.3.3 Other developments
12.1.9 MODINE MANUFACTURING COMPANY
12.1.9.1 Business overview
12.1.9.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.9.3 Recent developments
12.1.9.3.1 Deals
12.1.9.3.2 Expansions
12.1.9.3.3 Other developments
12.1.10 EVAPCO
12.1.10.1 Business overview
12.1.10.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.11 THERMOFIN
12.1.11.1 Business overview
12.1.11.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.2 OTHER PLAYERS
12.2.1 STEFANI
12.2.2 ONDA S.P.A.
12.2.3 ROEN EST
12.2.4 KFL
12.2.5 WALTER ROLLER
12.2.6 CABERO
12.2.7 THERMOKEY
12.2.8 KOXKA
12.2.9 CENTAURO INTERNACIONAL
12.2.10 BALTIMORE AIRCOIL COMPANY, INC.
12.2.11 FRITERM
12.2.12 DAIKIN
12.2.13 PROFROID
12.2.14 ROCKWELL INDUSTRIES LIMITED
12.2.15 MUKUNDA FOODS PRIVATE LIMITED
12.2.16 BLUE STAR LIMITED
12.2.17 WSL REFRIGERATION D.O.O.
13 APPENDIX
13.1 INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS
13.2 DISCUSSION GUIDE
13.3 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL
13.4 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS
13.5 RELATED REPORTS
13.6 AUTHOR DETAILS
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION
1.3 STUDY SCOPE
1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONAL SCOPE
1.3.2 YEARS CONSIDERED
1.3.3 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS
1.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED
1.5 UNITS CONSIDERED
1.6 LIMITATIONS
1.7 STAKEHOLDERS
1.8 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 RESEARCH DATA
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA
2.1.1.1 Key secondary sources
2.1.1.2 Key data from secondary sources
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA
2.1.2.1 Intended participants in primary interviews
2.1.2.2 Key primary interview participants
2.1.2.3 Breakdown of primaries
2.1.2.4 Key industry insights
2.1.2.5 Key data from primary sources
2.1.3 SECONDARY AND PRIMARY RESEARCH
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
2.2.1.1 Bottom-up approach for estimating market size
2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH
2.2.2.1 Top-down approach for estimating market size
2.3 MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION
2.4 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS
2.5 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
2.6 RISK ASSESSMENT
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS
4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET
4.2 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET, BY OFFERING
4.3 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET, BY MOBILITY
4.4 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET, BY REFRIGERANT
5 MARKET OVERVIEW
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS
5.2.1 DRIVERS
5.2.1.1 Increasing investments in refrigerated warehouses/cold storage facilities
5.2.1.2 Growing demand for frozen and processed foods
5.2.1.3 Shift towards low GWP refrigerants
5.2.1.4 Changes in global weather patterns
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS
5.2.2.1 High installation and operational costs
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES
5.2.3.1 Increasing demand for FMCG products
5.2.3.2 Adoption of IoT in refrigeration technologies
5.2.3.3 Surging demand for walk-in coolers
5.2.3.4 Growing demand in emerging applications such as healthcare and logistics
5.2.4 CHALLENGES
5.2.4.1 Lack of skilled personnel and safety concerns
5.2.4.2 Complexity associated with installation of refrigeration cooling systems
5.3 AI IMPACT ON REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET
5.4 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
5.4.1 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D)
5.4.2 COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS
5.4.3 DISTRIBUTORS/RESELLERS
5.4.4 ASSEMBLERS/INSTALLERS/INTEGRATORS
5.4.5 END USERS
5.4.6 AFTER-SALES SERVICES
5.5 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
5.6 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO
5.7 PRICING ANALYSIS
5.7.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF KEY PLAYERS, BY COMPONENT
5.8 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS
5.9 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
5.9.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES
5.9.1.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
5.9.1.2 Internet of Things (IoT)
5.9.2 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES
5.9.2.1 Automation
5.9.3 ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES
5.9.3.1 Shell and tube heat exchanger
5.9.3.2 Spiral heat exchanger
5.9.3.3 Plate heat exchanger
5.9.3.4 Plate-fin heat exchanger
5.10 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
5.10.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
5.10.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
5.10.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
5.10.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
5.10.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
5.11 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA
5.11.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS
5.11.2 BUYING CRITERIA
5.12 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
5.12.1 DANFOSS INSTALLS COMPRESSOR SYSTEM AT ANANDA FOODS (INDIA)
5.12.2 LU-VE GROUP OFFERS COLD STORAGE SOLUTIONS FOR CARREFOUR SUPERMARKET IN ITALY
5.12.3 CARREFOUR'S NORTH-WEST LOGISTICS CENTER IN RIVALTA, TURIN, ADOPTS RIVACOLD'S REFRIGERATION SOLUTIONS
5.12.4 INDOSPACE AND KOOL-EX PARTNERSHIP FOR TEMPERATURE-CONTROLLED WAREHOUSING
5.12.5 INNOVATE UK, IMS EVOLVE, AND TESCO STORES INVESTIGATE DEMAND-SIDE RESPONSE IN REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
5.13 TRADE ANALYSIS
5.13.1 IMPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 841869)
5.13.2 EXPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 841869)
5.14 PATENT ANALYSIS
5.14.1 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET: LIST OF MAJOR PATENTS
5.15 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2025
5.16 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
5.16.1 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
5.16.2 STANDARDS
6 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET, BY OFFERING
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 CONDENSERS
6.2.1 AIR-COOLED
6.2.1.1 Air-cooled condensers suitable for use in water-scarce areas
6.2.2 WATER-COOLED
6.2.2.1 Demand for compact condensers fueling growth of water-cooled condensers
6.2.3 EVAPORATIVE
6.2.3.1 Regulations limiting physical size of cooling systems restricting use of evaporative condensers
6.3 COMPRESSORS
6.3.1 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORS
6.3.1.1 Increasing demand for efficient gas compression driving positive displacement compressors
6.3.2 DYNAMIC COMPRESSORS
6.3.2.1 Need for low compression with high volume flows refrigerant fueling demand for dynamic compressors
6.4 EVAPORATORS & AIR COOLERS
6.4.1 RISING DEMAND IN LARGE REFRIGERATION PLANTS AND CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING PLANTS FUELING GROWTH
6.4.2 AIR UNITS
6.4.2.1 By design type
6.4.2.1.1 Horizontal
6.4.2.1.1.1 Rising demand for refrigeration in attics or crawl spaces fueling growth of horizontal air coolers
6.4.2.1.2 Vertical
6.4.2.1.2.1 Inclination toward compact design of air coolers increasing adoption of vertical air coolers
6.4.2.1.3 V-shaped and angled designs
6.4.2.1.3.1 Demand for coolers with reduced plan dimensions driving growth of V-shaped air coolers
6.4.2.2 By implementation type
6.4.2.2.1 Ceiling/Wall
6.4.2.2.1.1 Increasing space crunch in buildings propelling adoption of ceiling/wall-mounted air coolers
6.4.2.2.2 Floor
6.4.2.2.2.1 Demand for air cooling in large rooms driving growth of floor air coolers
6.4.2.2.3 Counter/Cabinets
6.4.2.2.3.1 Rising need for air coolers in harsh environments fueling growth of counter/cabinet coolers
6.4.3 DRY COOLERS
6.4.3.1 Demand for efficient heat transfer contributing to growth of dry coolers
6.4.4 BRINE COOLERS
6.4.4.1 Rising installation of air coolers in commercial and industrial refrigeration fueling growth of brine coolers
6.4.5 BLAST/TUNNEL UNIT COOLERS
6.4.5.1 Demand for cold storage fueling adoption of blast unit coolers
7 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET, BY REFRIGERANT
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 HFC/HFO
7.2.1 MOST WIDELY USED REFRIGERANT TYPE FOR REFRIGERATION COOLERS
7.3 CO2
7.3.1 INCREASED DEMAND FOR HEAT RECOVERY FUELING ADOPTION
OF CO2 REFRIGERANTS
7.4 NH3
7.4.1 NEED FOR EFFICIENT COOLING IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS CONTRIBUTING TO GROWTH OF NH3 REFRIGERANTS
7.5 PROPANE
7.5.1 DEMAND FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY, AFFORDABLE OPTION PROPELLING ADOPTION OF PROPANE
7.6 OTHERS
7.6.1 DEMAND FOR A2L REFRIGERANTS INCREASING TO ENSURE SAFE OPERATIONS
8 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET, BY MOBILITY
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 STATIONARY
8.2.1 STATIONARY REFRIGERATION COOLERS WIDELY USED FOR RELIABLE, LARGE-SCALE, AND LONG-TERM COOLING SOLUTIONS
8.3 PORTABLE
8.3.1 INCREASED FOOD TRANSPORTATION DEMAND FUELING ADOPTION OF MOBILE/PORTABLE COOLING SYSTEMS
9 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET, BY APPLICATION
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 RETAIL
9.2.1 SUPERMARKETS
9.2.1.1 Need for continuous refrigeration propelling demand for refrigeration units in supermarkets
9.2.2 HYPERMARKETS
9.2.2.1 Demand for better visibility of food on racks increasing adoption of refrigeration coolers in hypermarkets
9.2.3 CONVENIENCE STORES & MINI MARKETS
9.2.3.1 Need for walk-in freezers in convenience stores accelerating demand for refrigeration coolers
9.2.4 HOSPITALITY
9.2.4.1 Demand for cold storage of food & beverages in hotels driving adoption of refrigeration coolers
9.3 FOOD & BEVERAGE
9.3.1 FRUIT & VEGETABLE PROCESSING
9.3.1.1 Need for preservation of fruits & vegetables for longer periods
fueling growth
9.3.2 BEVERAGE PROCESSING
9.3.2.1 Demand for fresh beverages fueling market for refrigeration coolers
9.3.3 DAIRY & ICE-CREAM PROCESSING
9.3.3.1 Need to reduce spoilage of dairy products increasing use of refrigeration coolers
9.3.4 MEAT, POULTRY & FISH PROCESSING
9.3.4.1 Demand for refrigeration coolers high in meat, poultry, and fish processing due to their limited shelf life
9.4 LOGISTICS & WAREHOUSING
9.4.1 REFRIGERATED WAREHOUSES
9.4.1.1 Need for extra surveillance and maintenance of perishable items fueling demand
9.4.2 LOGISTICS & STORAGE ROOMS
9.4.2.1 Demand for timely ripening of fruits and vegetables accelerating adoption of small storage rooms
9.5 HEALTHCARE & PHARMACEUTICALS
9.5.1 VACCINE STORAGE
9.5.1.1 Need to ensure safety, longevity, and efficacy of medical products and vaccines to drive market
9.5.2 MEDICAL DEVICES
9.5.2.1 Refrigeration coolers used to minimize material degradation of certain critical medical devices
9.6 OTHER APPLICATIONS
9.6.1 VERTICAL FARMING
9.6.2 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
9.6.3 SPECIAL APPLICATIONS
10 REFRIGERATION COOLERS MARKET, BY REGION
10.1 INTRODUCTION
10.2 NORTH AMERICA
10.2.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR NORTH AMERICA
10.2.2 US
10.2.2.1 Strict guidelines regarding storage of food to prevent spoilage and bacterial growth driving demand
10.2.3 CANADA
10.2.3.1 Rising demand for CO2 refrigerant due to increased environmental concerns
10.2.4 MEXICO
10.2.4.1 Focus on using refrigeration units with low GWP values to drive market
10.3 EUROPE
10.3.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR EUROPE
10.3.2 GERMANY
10.3.2.1 Rising need for natural refrigerants to drive market in Germany
10.3.3 UK
10.3.3.1 Rising demand for cold storage driving market in UK
10.3.4 FRANCE
10.3.4.1 Increasing adoption of refrigeration coolers in artificial ice-skating rinks to fuel market
10.3.5 ITALY
10.3.5.1 Adoption of greener refrigeration technologies using eco-friendly refrigerants to accelerate market growth
10.3.6 REST OF EUROPE
10.4 ASIA PACIFIC
10.4.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR ASIA PACIFIC
10.4.2 CHINA
10.4.2.1 Significant increase in demand for food, drugs, cosmetics,
and cold chain logistics to drive market
10.4.3 JAPAN
10.4.3.1 Market characterized by shifting focus toward implementation of natural refrigerant-based systems
10.4.4 INDIA
10.4.4.1 Government initiatives for setting up cold chain networks across country to augment market growth
10.4.5 SOUTH KOREA
10.4.5.1 Presence of large refrigerated warehousing capacity to propel
market growth
10.4.6 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC
10.5 REST OF THE WORLD (ROW)
10.5.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR ROW
10.5.2 MIDDLE EAST
10.5.2.1 Increasing investments in warehouses and cold storage facilities to fuel demand
10.5.3 AFRICA
10.5.3.1 Food security, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and export-driven agribusiness to drive market
10.5.4 SOUTH AMERICA
10.5.4.1 Increasing demand in commercial applications, especially supermarkets, to fuel market growth
11 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
11.1 OVERVIEW
11.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2020–2024
11.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2019–2023
11.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2023
11.5 COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS
11.6 BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON
11.7 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
11.7.1 STARS
11.7.2 EMERGING LEADERS
11.7.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS
11.7.4 PARTICIPANTS
11.7.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
11.7.5.1 Company footprint
11.7.5.2 Region footprint
11.7.5.3 Offering footprint
11.7.5.4 Mobility footprint
11.7.5.5 Application footprint
11.8 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023
11.8.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES
11.8.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES
11.8.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES
11.8.4 STARTING BLOCKS
11.8.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING, STARTUPS/SMES, 2023
11.8.5.1 Detailed list of key startups/SMEs
11.8.5.2 Competitive benchmarking of key startups/SMEs
11.9 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO
11.9.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES
11.9.2 DEALS
11.9.3 EXPANSIONS
11.9.4 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS
12 COMPANY PROFILES
12.1 KEY PLAYERS
12.1.1 JOHNSON CONTROLS
12.1.1.1 Business overview
12.1.1.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.1.3 Recent developments
12.1.1.3.1 Product launches
12.1.1.3.2 Deals
12.1.1.4 MnM view
12.1.1.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win
12.1.1.4.2 Strategic choices
12.1.1.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
12.1.2 LU-VE
12.1.2.1 Business overview
12.1.2.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.2.3 Recent developments
12.1.2.3.1 Deals
12.1.2.3.2 Expansions
12.1.2.3.3 Other developments
12.1.2.4 MnM view
12.1.2.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win
12.1.2.4.2 Strategic choices
12.1.2.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
12.1.3 KELVION HOLDING GMBH
12.1.3.1 Business overview
12.1.3.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.3.3 Recent developments
12.1.3.3.1 Product launches
12.1.3.3.2 Deals
12.1.3.3.3 Expansions
12.1.3.4 MnM view
12.1.3.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win
12.1.3.4.2 Strategic choices
12.1.3.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
12.1.4 RIVACOLD SRL
12.1.4.1 Business overview
12.1.4.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.4.3 MnM view
12.1.4.3.1 Key strengths/Right to win
12.1.4.3.2 Strategic choices
12.1.4.3.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
12.1.5 LENNOX INTERNATIONAL INC.
12.1.5.1 Business overview
12.1.5.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.5.3 Recent developments
12.1.5.3.1 Product launches
12.1.5.4 MnM view
12.1.5.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win
12.1.5.4.2 Strategic choices
12.1.5.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
12.1.6 GЬNTNER GMBH & CO. KG
12.1.6.1 Business overview
12.1.6.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.7 COPELAND LP
12.1.7.1 Business overview
12.1.7.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.7.3 Recent developments
12.1.7.3.1 Product launches
12.1.7.3.2 Deals
12.1.7.3.3 Expansions
12.1.8 DANFOSS
12.1.8.1 Business overview
12.1.8.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.8.3 Recent developments
12.1.8.3.1 Product launches
12.1.8.3.2 Deals
12.1.8.3.3 Other developments
12.1.9 MODINE MANUFACTURING COMPANY
12.1.9.1 Business overview
12.1.9.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.9.3 Recent developments
12.1.9.3.1 Deals
12.1.9.3.2 Expansions
12.1.9.3.3 Other developments
12.1.10 EVAPCO
12.1.10.1 Business overview
12.1.10.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.1.11 THERMOFIN
12.1.11.1 Business overview
12.1.11.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
12.2 OTHER PLAYERS
12.2.1 STEFANI
12.2.2 ONDA S.P.A.
12.2.3 ROEN EST
12.2.4 KFL
12.2.5 WALTER ROLLER
12.2.6 CABERO
12.2.7 THERMOKEY
12.2.8 KOXKA
12.2.9 CENTAURO INTERNACIONAL
12.2.10 BALTIMORE AIRCOIL COMPANY, INC.
12.2.11 FRITERM
12.2.12 DAIKIN
12.2.13 PROFROID
12.2.14 ROCKWELL INDUSTRIES LIMITED
12.2.15 MUKUNDA FOODS PRIVATE LIMITED
12.2.16 BLUE STAR LIMITED
12.2.17 WSL REFRIGERATION D.O.O.
13 APPENDIX
13.1 INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS
13.2 DISCUSSION GUIDE
13.3 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL
13.4 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS
13.5 RELATED REPORTS
13.6 AUTHOR DETAILS
