Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Market Report 2016

October 2016 | 128 pages | ID: GCED7FA99F6EN
S&P Consulting

Abstracts

The report offers a comprehensive evaluation of the market. It does so via in-depth insights, understanding market evolution by tracking historical developments, and analyzing the present scenario and future projections based on optimistic and likely scenarios. Each research report serves as a repository of analysis and information for every facet of the market, including but not limited to: Regional markets, technology developments, types, applications, and the competitive landscape.

The study is a source of reliable data on:

• Key market segments and sub-segments
• Evolving market trends and dynamics
• Changing supply and demand scenarios
• Quantifying market opportunities through market sizing and market forecasting
• Tracking current trends/opportunities/challenges
• Competitive insights
• Opportunity mapping in terms of technological breakthroughs

This research report analyzes this market on the basis of its market segments, major geographies, and current market trends. Geographies analyzed under this research report include:

• USA
• China
• Europe
• Japan
• Korea
• Taiwan

The Major players reported in the market include:

• Thermo Fisher Scientific
• Isoprime
• Sercon
• Nu Instruments

Product Segment Analysis:

• Type I
• Type II
• Type III

Application Segment Analysis:

• Application I
• Application II
• Application III

Reasons for Buying this Report

• This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics
• It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth
• It provides a six-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow
• It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future
• It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors
• It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments
• It provides distinctive graphics and exemplified analysis of major market segments

Contents

1 STABLE ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer
1.2 Classification of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer
  1.2.1 Type I
  1.2.2 Type II
  1.2.3 Type III
1.3 Application of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer
  1.3.1 Application
  1.3.2 Application
  1.3.3 Application
1.4 Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market States Status and Prospect (2011-2021) by Regions
  1.4.1 USA
  1.4.2 China
  1.4.3 Europe
  1.4.4 Japan
  1.4.5 Korea
  1.4.6 Taiwan
1.5 Global Market Size of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (2011-2021)
  1.5.1 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
  1.5.2 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

2 GLOBAL ECONOMIC IMPACT ON STABLE ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER INDUSTRY

2.1 Global Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
  2.1.1 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
  2.1.2 Global Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend
2.2 Global Macroeconomic Environment Analysis by Regions
2.3 Effects to Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Industry

3 STABLE ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER MAUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

3.1 Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Key Raw Materials Analysis
  3.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  3.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  3.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  3.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
3.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  3.2.1 Raw Materials
  3.2.2 Labor Cost
  3.2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer

4 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

4.1 Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Industrial Chain Analysis
4.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
4.3 Raw Materials Sources of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Major Manufacturers in 2015
4.4 Downstream Buyers

5 GLOBAL STABLE ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION

5.1 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Competition by Manufacturers
  5.1.1 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2011-2016)
  5.1.2 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
5.2 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (Volume and Value) by Type
  5.5.1 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
  5.5.2 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
5.3 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (Volume and Value) by Regions
  5.3.1 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
  5.3.2 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
5.4 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (Volume) by Application

6 USA STABLE ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

6.1 USA Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  6.1.1 USA Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  6.1.2 USA Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  6.1.3 USA Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
6.2 USA Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 USA Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 USA Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Application

7 CHINA STABLE ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

7.1 China Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  7.1.1 China Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  7.1.2 China Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  7.1.3 China Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
7.2 China Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 China Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 China Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Application

8 EUROPE STABLE ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

8.1 Europe Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  8.1.1 Europe Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  8.1.2 Europe Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  8.1.3 Europe Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
8.2 Europe Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 Europe Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 Europe Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Application

9 JAPAN STABLE ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

9.1 Japan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  9.1.1 Japan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  9.1.2 Japan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  9.1.3 Japan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
9.2 Japan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Japan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Japan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Application

10 KOREA STABLE ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

10.1 Korea Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  10.1.1 Korea Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  10.1.2 Korea Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  10.1.3 Korea Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
10.2 Korea Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
10.3 Korea Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Type
10.4 Korea Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Application

11 TAIWAN STABLE ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

11.1 Taiwan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  11.1.1 Taiwan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  11.1.2 Taiwan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  11.1.3 Taiwan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
11.2 Taiwan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
11.3 Taiwan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Type
11.4 Taiwan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Application

12 GLOBAL STABLE ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS

12.1 Thermo Fisher Scientific
  12.1.1 Company Overview
  12.1.2 Product Information
  12.1.3 Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  12.1.4 Contact Information
12.2 Isoprime
  12.2.1 Company Overview
  12.2.2 Product Information
  12.2.3 Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  12.2.4 Contact Information
12.3 Sercon
  12.3.1 Company Overview
  12.3.2 Product Information
  12.3.3 Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  12.3.4 Contact Information
12.4 Nu Instruments
  12.4.1 Company Overview
  12.4.2 Product Information
  12.4.3 Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  12.4.4 Contact Information

13 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

13.1 Marketing Channel
  13.1.1 Direct Marketing
  13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
13.2 Market Positioning
  13.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  13.2.2 Brand Strategy
  13.2.3 Target Client
13.3 Distributors/Traders List

14 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

14.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  14.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  14.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
14.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
14.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

15 GLOBAL STABLE ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER MARKET FORECAST (2016-2021)

15.1 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales, Revenue Forecast (2016-2021)
15.2 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
15.3 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
15.4 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)

16 APPENDIX

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer
Table Classification of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer
Figure Global Sales Market Share of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer by Type in 2015
Table Applications of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer
Figure Global Sales Market Share of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer by Application in 2015
Figure USA Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure China Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Japan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Korea Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Taiwan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales of Key Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table 2015 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Growth Rate by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue Growth Rate by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Table Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
Figure USA Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure USA Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure USA Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table USA Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table USA Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table USA Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table USA Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table USA Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table USA Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure China Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure China Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure China Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table China Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table China Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table China Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table China Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table China Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table China Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Europe Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Europe Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Europe Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table Europe Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Japan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Japan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Japan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Japan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Japan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Japan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table Japan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Japan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table Japan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Korea Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Korea Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Korea Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Korea Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Korea Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Korea Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table Korea Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Korea Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table Korea Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Taiwan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Taiwan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Taiwan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Taiwan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Taiwan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Taiwan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table Taiwan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Taiwan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table Taiwan Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Table Thermo Fisher Scientific Basic Information List
Table Thermo Fisher Scientific Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Thermo Fisher Scientific Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Isoprime Basic Information List
Table Isoprime Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Isoprime Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Sercon Basic Information List
Table Sercon Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Sercon Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Nu Instruments Basic Information List
Table Nu Instruments Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Nu Instruments Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer
Figure Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Table Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
Table Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)