Global and United States Vacuum Coating Market Research by Company, Type & Application 2013-2025
SUMMARY
When coating materials are heated in vacuum, they are evaporated and formed as thin films on substrate surfaces. Such processes are called vacuum coating. Vacuum deposition or vacuum coating is a family of processes used to deposit layers of material atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule on a solid surface. These processes operate at pressures well below atmospheric pressure. The deposited layers can range from a thickness of one atom up to millimeters, forming freestanding structures. Multiple layers of different materials can be used, for example to form optical coatings. The process can be qualified based on the vapor source; physical vapor deposition uses a liquid or solid source and chemical vapor deposition uses a chemical vapor
Market Segment as follows:
By Type
Section 1:
Product definition, type and application, global and United States market overview;
Section 2:
Global and United States Market competition by company;
Section 3:
Global and United States sales revenue, volume and price by type;
Section 4:
Global and United States sales revenue, volume and price by application;
Section 5:
United States export and import;
Section 6:
Company information, business overview, sales data and product specifications;
Section 7:
Industry chain and raw materials;
Section 8:
SWOT and Porter's Five Forces;
Section 9:
Conclusion.
When coating materials are heated in vacuum, they are evaporated and formed as thin films on substrate surfaces. Such processes are called vacuum coating. Vacuum deposition or vacuum coating is a family of processes used to deposit layers of material atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule on a solid surface. These processes operate at pressures well below atmospheric pressure. The deposited layers can range from a thickness of one atom up to millimeters, forming freestanding structures. Multiple layers of different materials can be used, for example to form optical coatings. The process can be qualified based on the vapor source; physical vapor deposition uses a liquid or solid source and chemical vapor deposition uses a chemical vapor
Market Segment as follows:
By Type
- Vacuum Evaporation Coating Machine
- Vacuum Sputtering Coating Machine
- Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Coating Machine
- Others
- Automotive
- Electronics
- Packaging
- Optical & Glass
- Others
- Applied Materials
- Buhler
- Oerlikon
- Von Ardenne
- Shincron
- ULVAC
- KDF
- Denton Vacuum
- Veeco Instruments
- IHI
- CVD Equipment Corporation
- BOBST
- Mustang Vacuum Systems
- Semicore
Section 1:
Product definition, type and application, global and United States market overview;
Section 2:
Global and United States Market competition by company;
Section 3:
Global and United States sales revenue, volume and price by type;
Section 4:
Global and United States sales revenue, volume and price by application;
Section 5:
United States export and import;
Section 6:
Company information, business overview, sales data and product specifications;
Section 7:
Industry chain and raw materials;
Section 8:
SWOT and Porter's Five Forces;
Section 9:
Conclusion.
1 MARKET OVERVIEW
1.1 Market Segment Overview
1.1.1 Product Definition
1.1.2 Market by Type
1.1.2.1 Vacuum Evaporation Coating Machine
1.1.2.2 Vacuum Sputtering Coating Machine
1.1.2.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Coating Machine
1.1.2.4 Others
1.1.3 Market by Application
1.1.3.1 Automotive
1.1.3.2 Electronics
1.1.3.3 Packaging
1.1.3.4 Optical & Glass
1.1.3.5 Others
1.2 Global and Regional Market Size
1.2.1 Global Overview
1.2.2 United States Overview
2 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL MARKET BY COMPANY
2.1 Global
2.1.1 Global Sales by Company
2.1.2 Global Price by Company
2.2 United States
2.2.1 United States Sales by Company
2.2.2 United States Price by Company
3 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL MARKET BY TYPE
3.1 Global
3.1.1 Global Sales by Type
3.1.2 Global Price by Type
3.2 United States
3.2.1 United States Sales by Type
3.2.2 United States Price by Type
4 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL MARKET BY APPLICATION
4.1 Global
4.1.1 Global Sales by Application
4.1.2 Global Price by Application
4.2 United States
4.2.1 United States Sales by Application
4.2.2 United States Price by Application
5 REGIONAL TRADE
5.1 Export
5.2 Import
6 KEY MANUFACTURERS
6.1 Applied Materials
6.1.2 Company Information
6.1.2 Product Specifications
6.1.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.2 Buhler
6.2.1 Company Information
6.2.2 Product Specifications
6.2.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.3 Oerlikon
6.3.1 Company Information
6.3.2 Product Specifications
6.3.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.4 Von Ardenne
6.4.1 Company Information
6.4.2 Product Specifications
6.4.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.5 Shincron
6.5.1 Company Information
6.5.2 Product Specifications
6.5.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.6 ULVAC
6.6.1 Company Information
6.6.2 Product Specifications
6.6.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.7 KDF
6.7.1 Company Information
6.7.2 Product Specifications
6.7.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.8 Denton Vacuum
6.8.1 Company Information
6.8.2 Product Specifications
6.8.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.9 Veeco Instruments
6.9.1 Company Information
6.9.2 Product Specifications
6.9.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.10 IHI
6.10.1 Company Information
6.10.2 Product Specifications
6.10.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.11 CVD Equipment Corporation
6.12 BOBST
6.13 Mustang Vacuum Systems
6.14 Semicore
7 INDUSTRY UPSTREAM
7.1 Industry Chain
7.2 Raw Materials
8 MARKET ENVIRONMENT
8.1 SWOT
8.2 Porter's Five Forces
9 CONCLUSION
1.1 Market Segment Overview
1.1.1 Product Definition
1.1.2 Market by Type
1.1.2.1 Vacuum Evaporation Coating Machine
1.1.2.2 Vacuum Sputtering Coating Machine
1.1.2.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Coating Machine
1.1.2.4 Others
1.1.3 Market by Application
1.1.3.1 Automotive
1.1.3.2 Electronics
1.1.3.3 Packaging
1.1.3.4 Optical & Glass
1.1.3.5 Others
1.2 Global and Regional Market Size
1.2.1 Global Overview
1.2.2 United States Overview
2 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL MARKET BY COMPANY
2.1 Global
2.1.1 Global Sales by Company
2.1.2 Global Price by Company
2.2 United States
2.2.1 United States Sales by Company
2.2.2 United States Price by Company
3 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL MARKET BY TYPE
3.1 Global
3.1.1 Global Sales by Type
3.1.2 Global Price by Type
3.2 United States
3.2.1 United States Sales by Type
3.2.2 United States Price by Type
4 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL MARKET BY APPLICATION
4.1 Global
4.1.1 Global Sales by Application
4.1.2 Global Price by Application
4.2 United States
4.2.1 United States Sales by Application
4.2.2 United States Price by Application
5 REGIONAL TRADE
5.1 Export
5.2 Import
6 KEY MANUFACTURERS
6.1 Applied Materials
6.1.2 Company Information
6.1.2 Product Specifications
6.1.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.2 Buhler
6.2.1 Company Information
6.2.2 Product Specifications
6.2.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.3 Oerlikon
6.3.1 Company Information
6.3.2 Product Specifications
6.3.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.4 Von Ardenne
6.4.1 Company Information
6.4.2 Product Specifications
6.4.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.5 Shincron
6.5.1 Company Information
6.5.2 Product Specifications
6.5.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.6 ULVAC
6.6.1 Company Information
6.6.2 Product Specifications
6.6.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.7 KDF
6.7.1 Company Information
6.7.2 Product Specifications
6.7.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.8 Denton Vacuum
6.8.1 Company Information
6.8.2 Product Specifications
6.8.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.9 Veeco Instruments
6.9.1 Company Information
6.9.2 Product Specifications
6.9.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.10 IHI
6.10.1 Company Information
6.10.2 Product Specifications
6.10.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.11 CVD Equipment Corporation
6.12 BOBST
6.13 Mustang Vacuum Systems
6.14 Semicore
7 INDUSTRY UPSTREAM
7.1 Industry Chain
7.2 Raw Materials
8 MARKET ENVIRONMENT
8.1 SWOT
8.2 Porter's Five Forces
9 CONCLUSION
LIST OF TABLES
Table Global Market Sales Revenue by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume Share by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Price by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume Share by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Price by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume Share by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Price by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume Share by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Price by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue by Application 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Application 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume by Application 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume Share by Application 2013-2017
Table Global Price by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume Share by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Price by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Export 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Table United States Export 2013-2017 (Volume)
Table United States Import 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Table United States Import 2013-2017 (Volume)
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Applied Materials
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Buhler
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Oerlikon
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Von Ardenne
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Shincron
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of ULVAC
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of KDF
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Denton Vacuum
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Veeco Instruments
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of IHI
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of CVD Equipment Corporation
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of BOBST
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Mustang Vacuum Systems
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Semicore
Table Global Market Sales Revenue by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume Share by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Price by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume Share by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Price by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume Share by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Price by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume Share by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Price by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue by Application 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Application 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume by Application 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume Share by Application 2013-2017
Table Global Price by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume Share by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Price by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Export 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Table United States Export 2013-2017 (Volume)
Table United States Import 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Table United States Import 2013-2017 (Volume)
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Applied Materials
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Buhler
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Oerlikon
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Von Ardenne
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Shincron
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of ULVAC
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of KDF
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Denton Vacuum
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Veeco Instruments
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of IHI
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of CVD Equipment Corporation
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of BOBST
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Mustang Vacuum Systems
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Semicore
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Vacuum Evaporation Coating Machine Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Vacuum Evaporation Coating Machine Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Vacuum Evaporation Coating Machine Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Vacuum Evaporation Coating Machine Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Vacuum Sputtering Coating Machine Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Vacuum Sputtering Coating Machine Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Vacuum Sputtering Coating Machine Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Vacuum Sputtering Coating Machine Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Coating Machine Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Coating Machine Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Coating Machine Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Coating Machine Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Others Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Others Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Others Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Others Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Automotive Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Automotive Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Automotive Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Automotive Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Electronics Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Electronics Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Electronics Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Electronics Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Packaging Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Packaging Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Packaging Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Packaging Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Optical & Glass Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Optical & Glass Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Optical & Glass Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Optical & Glass Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Others Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Others Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Others Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Others Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Global Vacuum Coating Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Global Vacuum Coating Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Global Vacuum Coating Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Global Vacuum Coating Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure United States Vacuum Coating Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure United States Vacuum Coating Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure United States Vacuum Coating Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure United States Vacuum Coating Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Company in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Volume Share by Company in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Company in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Volume Share by Company in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Type in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Volume Share by Type in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Type in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Volume Share by Type in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Application in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Volume Share by Application in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Application in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Volume Share by Application in 2017
Figure Industry Chain Overview
Figure Vacuum Coating SWOT List
Figure Machinery & Equipment Porter's Five Forces
Figure Vacuum Evaporation Coating Machine Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Vacuum Evaporation Coating Machine Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Vacuum Evaporation Coating Machine Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Vacuum Evaporation Coating Machine Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Vacuum Sputtering Coating Machine Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Vacuum Sputtering Coating Machine Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Vacuum Sputtering Coating Machine Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Vacuum Sputtering Coating Machine Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Coating Machine Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Coating Machine Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Coating Machine Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Coating Machine Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Others Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Others Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Others Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Others Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Automotive Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Automotive Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Automotive Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Automotive Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Electronics Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Electronics Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Electronics Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Electronics Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Packaging Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Packaging Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Packaging Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Packaging Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Optical & Glass Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Optical & Glass Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Optical & Glass Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Optical & Glass Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Others Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Others Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Others Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Others Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Global Vacuum Coating Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Global Vacuum Coating Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Global Vacuum Coating Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Global Vacuum Coating Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure United States Vacuum Coating Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure United States Vacuum Coating Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure United States Vacuum Coating Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure United States Vacuum Coating Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Company in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Volume Share by Company in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Company in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Volume Share by Company in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Type in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Volume Share by Type in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Type in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Volume Share by Type in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Application in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Volume Share by Application in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Application in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Volume Share by Application in 2017
Figure Industry Chain Overview
Figure Vacuum Coating SWOT List
Figure Machinery & Equipment Porter's Five Forces
