Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Professional Survey Report 2017

January 2017 | 122 pages | ID: G953030C358EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

Notes:

Production, means the output of Hyperspectral Imaging System

Revenue, means the sales value of Hyperspectral Imaging System

This report studies Hyperspectral Imaging System in Global market, especially in North America, China, Europe, Southeast Asia, Japan and India, with production, revenue, consumption, import and export in these regions, from 2011 to 2015, and forecast to 2021.

This report focuses on top manufacturers in global market, with production, price, revenue and market share for each manufacturer, covering

• Headwall Photonics, Inc.
• Corning Incorporated
• Specim, Spectral Imaging Ltd.
• Resonon
• Telops Inc.
• Norsk Elektro Optikk As
• Applied Spectral Imaging
• Bayspec Inc.
• Surface Optics Corporation
• Chemimage Corporation

By types, the market can be split into

• Hyperspectral Cameras
• Accessories

By Application, the market can be split into

• Military Surveillance
• Remote Sensing
• Machine Vision/ Optical Sorting
• Life Sciences & Medical Diagnostics
• Others

By Regions, this report covers (we can add the regions/countries as you want)

• North America
• China
• Europe
• Southeast Asia
• Japan
• India

Contents

Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Professional Survey Report 2017

1 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW OF HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM

1.1 Definition and Specifications of Hyperspectral Imaging System
  1.1.1 Definition of Hyperspectral Imaging System
  1.1.2 Specifications of Hyperspectral Imaging System
1.2 Classification of Hyperspectral Imaging System
  1.2.1 Hyperspectral Cameras
  1.2.2 Accessories
1.3 Applications of Hyperspectral Imaging System
  1.3.1 Military Surveillance
  1.3.2 Remote Sensing
  1.3.3 Machine Vision/ Optical Sorting
  1.3.4 Life Sciences & Medical Diagnostics
  1.3.5 Others
1.4 Market Segment by Regions
  1.4.1 North America
  1.4.2 China
  1.4.3 Europe
  1.4.4 Southeast Asia
  1.4.5 Japan
  1.4.6 India

2 MANUFACTURING COST STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM

2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Hyperspectral Imaging System
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Hyperspectral Imaging System
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Hyperspectral Imaging System

3 TECHNICAL DATA AND MANUFACTURING PLANTS ANALYSIS OF HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM

3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Major Manufacturers in 2015
3.2 Manufacturing Plants Distribution of Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Major Manufacturers in 2015
3.3 R&D Status and Technology Source of Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Major Manufacturers in 2015
3.4 Raw Materials Sources Analysis of Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Major Manufacturers in 2015

4 GLOBAL HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM OVERALL MARKET OVERVIEW

4.1 2011-2016 Overall Market Analysis
4.2 Capacity Analysis
  4.2.1 2011-2016 Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Capacity and Growth Rate Analysis
  4.2.2 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Capacity Analysis (Company Segment)
4.3 Sales Analysis
  4.3.1 2011-2016 Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales and Growth Rate Analysis
  4.3.2 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Analysis (Company Segment)
4.4 Sales Price Analysis
  4.4.1 2011-2016 Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price
  4.4.2 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price Analysis (Company Segment)

5 HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM REGIONAL MARKET ANALYSIS

5.1 North America Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Analysis
  5.1.1 North America Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Overview
  5.1.2 North America 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.1.3 North America 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price Analysis
  5.1.4 North America 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Share Analysis
5.2 China Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Analysis
  5.2.1 China Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Overview
  5.2.2 China 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.2.3 China 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price Analysis
  5.2.4 China 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Share Analysis
5.3 Europe Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Analysis
  5.3.1 Europe Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Overview
  5.3.2 Europe 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.3.3 Europe 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price Analysis
  5.3.4 Europe 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Share Analysis
5.4 Southeast Asia Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Analysis
  5.4.1 Southeast Asia Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Overview
  5.4.2 Southeast Asia 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.4.3 Southeast Asia 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price Analysis
  5.4.4 Southeast Asia 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Share Analysis
5.5 Japan Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Analysis
  5.5.1 Japan Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Overview
  5.5.2 Japan 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.5.3 Japan 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price Analysis
  5.5.4 Japan 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Share Analysis
5.6 India Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Analysis
  5.6.1 India Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Overview
  5.6.2 India 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.6.3 India 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price Analysis
  5.6.4 India 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Share Analysis

6 GLOBAL 2011-2016 HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM SEGMENT MARKET ANALYSIS (BY TYPE)

6.1 Global 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales by Type
6.2 Different Types of Hyperspectral Imaging System Product Interview Price Analysis
6.3 Different Types of Hyperspectral Imaging System Product Driving Factors Analysis
  6.3.1 Hyperspectral Cameras of Hyperspectral Imaging System Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  6.3.2 Accessories of Hyperspectral Imaging System Growth Driving Factor Analysis

7 GLOBAL 2011-2016 HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM SEGMENT MARKET ANALYSIS (BY APPLICATION)

7.1 Global 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Consumption by Application
7.2 Different Application of Hyperspectral Imaging System Product Interview Price Analysis
7.3 Different Application of Hyperspectral Imaging System Product Driving Factors Analysis
  7.3.1 Military Surveillance of Hyperspectral Imaging System Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.2 Remote Sensing of Hyperspectral Imaging System Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.3 Machine Vision/ Optical Sorting of Hyperspectral Imaging System Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.4 Life Sciences & Medical Diagnostics of Hyperspectral Imaging System Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.5 Others of Hyperspectral Imaging System Growth Driving Factor Analysis

8 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS OF HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM

8.1 Headwall Photonics, Inc.
  8.1.1 Company Profile
  8.1.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.1.2.1 Hyperspectral Cameras
    8.1.2.2 Accessories
  8.1.3 Headwall Photonics, Inc. 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.1.4 Headwall Photonics, Inc. 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.2 Corning Incorporated
  8.2.1 Company Profile
  8.2.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.2.2.1 Hyperspectral Cameras
    8.2.2.2 Accessories
  8.2.3 Corning Incorporated 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.2.4 Corning Incorporated 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.3 Specim, Spectral Imaging Ltd.
  8.3.1 Company Profile
  8.3.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.3.2.1 Hyperspectral Cameras
    8.3.2.2 Accessories
  8.3.3 Specim, Spectral Imaging Ltd. 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.3.4 Specim, Spectral Imaging Ltd. 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.4 Resonon
  8.4.1 Company Profile
  8.4.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.4.2.1 Hyperspectral Cameras
    8.4.2.2 Accessories
  8.4.3 Resonon 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.4.4 Resonon 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.5 Telops Inc.
  8.5.1 Company Profile
  8.5.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.5.2.1 Hyperspectral Cameras
    8.5.2.2 Accessories
  8.5.3 Telops Inc. 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.5.4 Telops Inc. 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.6 Norsk Elektro Optikk As
  8.6.1 Company Profile
  8.6.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.6.2.1 Hyperspectral Cameras
    8.6.2.2 Accessories
  8.6.3 Norsk Elektro Optikk As 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.6.4 Norsk Elektro Optikk As 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.7 Applied Spectral Imaging
  8.7.1 Company Profile
  8.7.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.7.2.1 Hyperspectral Cameras
    8.7.2.2 Accessories
  8.7.3 Applied Spectral Imaging 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.7.4 Applied Spectral Imaging 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.8 Bayspec Inc.
  8.8.1 Company Profile
  8.8.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.8.2.1 Hyperspectral Cameras
    8.8.2.2 Accessories
  8.8.3 Bayspec Inc. 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.8.4 Bayspec Inc. 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.9 Surface Optics Corporation
  8.9.1 Company Profile
  8.9.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.9.2.1 Hyperspectral Cameras
    8.9.2.2 Accessories
  8.9.3 Surface Optics Corporation 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.9.4 Surface Optics Corporation 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.10 Chemimage Corporation
  8.10.1 Company Profile
  8.10.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.10.2.1 Hyperspectral Cameras
    8.10.2.2 Accessories
  8.10.3 Chemimage Corporation 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.10.4 Chemimage Corporation 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution Analysis

9 DEVELOPMENT TREND OF ANALYSIS OF HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM MARKET

9.1 Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Trend Analysis
  9.1.1 Global 2016-2021 Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast
  9.1.2 Global 2016-2021 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price Forecast
9.2 Hyperspectral Imaging System Regional Market Trend
  9.2.1 North America 2016-2021 Hyperspectral Imaging System Consumption Forecast
  9.2.2 China 2016-2021 Hyperspectral Imaging System Consumption Forecast
  9.2.3 Europe 2016-2021 Hyperspectral Imaging System Consumption Forecast
  9.2.4 Southeast Asia 2016-2021 Hyperspectral Imaging System Consumption Forecast
  9.2.5 Japan 2016-2021 Hyperspectral Imaging System Consumption Forecast
  9.2.6 India 2016-2021 Hyperspectral Imaging System Consumption Forecast
9.3 Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Trend (Application)

10 HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM MARKETING TYPE ANALYSIS

10.1 Hyperspectral Imaging System Regional Marketing Type Analysis
10.2 Hyperspectral Imaging System International Trade Type Analysis
10.3 Traders or Distributors with Contact Information of Hyperspectral Imaging System by Regions
10.4 Hyperspectral Imaging System Supply Chain Analysis

11 CONSUMERS ANALYSIS OF HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM

11.1 Consumer 1 Analysis
11.2 Consumer 2 Analysis
11.3 Consumer 3 Analysis
11.4 Consumer 4 Analysis

12 CONCLUSION OF THE GLOBAL HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM MARKET PROFESSIONAL SURVEY REPORT 2017

Methodology
Analyst Introduction
Data Source

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Hyperspectral Imaging System
Table Product Specifications of Hyperspectral Imaging System
Table Classification of Hyperspectral Imaging System
Figure Global Production Market Share of Hyperspectral Imaging System by Type in 2015
Figure Hyperspectral Cameras Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Hyperspectral Cameras
Figure Accessories Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Accessories
Table Applications of Hyperspectral Imaging System
Figure Global Consumption Volume Market Share of Hyperspectral Imaging System by Application in 2015
Figure Military Surveillance Examples
Table Major Consumers of Military Surveillance
Figure Remote Sensing Examples
Table Major Consumers of Remote Sensing
Figure Machine Vision/ Optical Sorting Examples
Table Major Consumers of Machine Vision/ Optical Sorting
Figure Life Sciences & Medical Diagnostics Examples
Table Major Consumers of Life Sciences & Medical Diagnostics
Figure Others Examples
Table Major Consumers of Others
Figure Market Share of Hyperspectral Imaging System by Regions
Figure North America Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Size (2011-2021)
Figure China Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Size (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Size (2011-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Size (2011-2021)
Figure Japan Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Size (2011-2021)
Figure India Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Size (2011-2021)
Table Hyperspectral Imaging System Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Hyperspectral Imaging System in 2015
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Hyperspectral Imaging System
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Hyperspectral Imaging System
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Manufacturing Plants Distribution of Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table R&D Status and Technology Source of Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Raw Materials Sources Analysis of Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Global Capacity, Sales, Price, Cost, Sales Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Hyperspectral Imaging System 2011-2016
Figure Global 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Size (Volume) and Growth Rate
Figure Global 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Size (Value) and Growth Rate
Table 2011-2016 Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Capacity and Growth Rate
Table 2015 Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Capacity List (Company Segment)
Table 2011-2016 Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales and Growth Rate
Table 2015 Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales List (Company Segment)
Table 2011-2016 Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price
Table 2015 Global Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price List (Company Segment)
Figure North America Capacity Overview
Table North America Supply, Import, Export and Consumption of Hyperspectral Imaging System 2011-2016
Figure North America 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price
Figure North America 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Market Share
Figure China Capacity Overview
Table China Supply, Import, Export and Consumption of Hyperspectral Imaging System 2011-2016
Figure China 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price
Figure China 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Market Share
Figure Europe Capacity Overview
Table Europe Supply, Import, Export and Consumption of Hyperspectral Imaging System 2011-2016
Figure Europe 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price
Figure Europe 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Market Share
Figure Southeast Asia Capacity Overview
Table Southeast Asia Supply, Import, Export and Consumption of Hyperspectral Imaging System 2011-2016
Figure Southeast Asia 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price
Figure Southeast Asia 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Market Share
Figure Japan Capacity Overview
Table Japan Supply, Import, Export and Consumption of Hyperspectral Imaging System 2011-2016
Figure Japan 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price
Figure Japan 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Market Share
Figure India Capacity Overview
Table India Supply, Import, Export and Consumption of Hyperspectral Imaging System 2011-2016
Figure India 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price
Figure India 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Market Share
Table Global 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales by Type
Table Different Types Hyperspectral Imaging System Product Interview Price
Table Global 2011-2016 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales by Application
Table Different Application Hyperspectral Imaging System Product Interview Price
Table Headwall Photonics, Inc. Information List
Table Hyperspectral Cameras Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table Accessories Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table 2015 Headwall Photonics, Inc. Hyperspectral Imaging System Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Headwall Photonics, Inc. 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution
Table Corning Incorporated Information List
Table Hyperspectral Cameras Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table Accessories Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table 2015 Corning Incorporated Hyperspectral Imaging System Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Corning Incorporated 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution
Table Specim, Spectral Imaging Ltd. Information List
Table Hyperspectral Cameras Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table Accessories Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table 2015 Specim, Spectral Imaging Ltd. Hyperspectral Imaging System Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Specim, Spectral Imaging Ltd. 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution
Table Resonon Information List
Table Hyperspectral Cameras Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table Accessories Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table 2015 Resonon Hyperspectral Imaging System Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Resonon 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution
Table Telops Inc. Information List
Table Hyperspectral Cameras Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table Accessories Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table 2015 Telops Inc. Hyperspectral Imaging System Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Telops Inc. 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution
Table Norsk Elektro Optikk As Information List
Table Hyperspectral Cameras Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table Accessories Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table 2015 Norsk Elektro Optikk As Hyperspectral Imaging System Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Norsk Elektro Optikk As 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution
Table Applied Spectral Imaging Information List
Table Hyperspectral Cameras Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table Accessories Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table 2015 Applied Spectral Imaging Hyperspectral Imaging System Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Applied Spectral Imaging 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution
Table Bayspec Inc. Information List
Table Hyperspectral Cameras Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table Accessories Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table 2015 Bayspec Inc. Hyperspectral Imaging System Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Bayspec Inc. 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution
Table Surface Optics Corporation Information List
Table Hyperspectral Cameras Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table Accessories Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table 2015 Surface Optics Corporation Hyperspectral Imaging System Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Surface Optics Corporation 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution
Table Chemimage Corporation Information List
Table Hyperspectral Cameras Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table Accessories Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview
Table 2015 Chemimage Corporation Hyperspectral Imaging System Revenue, Sales, Ex-factory Price
Figure 2015 Chemimage Corporation 2015 Hyperspectral Imaging System Business Region Distribution
Figure Global 2016-2021 Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Size (Volume) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Global 2016-2021 Hyperspectral Imaging System Market Size (Value) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Global 2016-2021 Hyperspectral Imaging System Sales Price Forecast
Figure North America 2016-2021 Hyperspectral Imaging System Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure China 2016-2021 Hyperspectral Imaging System Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Europe 2016-2021 Hyperspectral Imaging System Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Southeast Asia 2016-2021 Hyperspectral Imaging System Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Japan 2016-2021 Hyperspectral Imaging System Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure India 2016-2021 Hyperspectral Imaging System Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast
Table Global Sales Volume of Hyperspectral Imaging System by Types 2016-2021
Table Global Consumption Volume of Hyperspectral Imaging System by Applications 2016-2021
Table Traders or Distributors with Contact Information of Hyperspectral Imaging System by Regions