Global Gas Detector Tubes Market Status (2015-2019) and Forecast (2020-2024) by Region, Product Type & End-Use

August 2019 | 100 pages | ID: G6012A979E8EN
99Strategy

Abstracts

SUMMARY

The report forecast global Gas Detector Tubes market to grow to reach xxx Million USD in 2019 with a CAGR of xx% during the period 2020-2024.

The report offers detailed coverage of Gas Detector Tubes industry and main market trends. The market research includes historical and forecast market data, demand, application details, price trends, and company shares of the leading Gas Detector Tubes by geography. The report splits the market size, by volume and value, on the basis of application type and geography.

First, this report covers the present status and the future prospects of the global Gas Detector Tubes market for 2015-2024.

And in this report, we analyze global market from 5 geographies: Asia-Pacific[China, Southeast Asia, India, Japan, Korea, Western Asia], Europe[Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Netherlands, Turkey, Switzerland], North America[United States, Canada, Mexico], Middle East & Africa[GCC, North Africa, South Africa], South America[Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Peru].

At the same time, we classify Gas Detector Tubes according to the type, application by geography. More importantly, the report includes major countries market based on the type and application.

Finally, the report provides detailed profile and data information analysis of leading Gas Detector Tubes company.

Key Content of Chapters as follows (Including and can be customized) :

Part 1:
Market Overview, Development, and Segment by Type, Application & Region
Part 2:
Company information, Sales, Cost, Margin etc.
Part 3:
Global Market by company, Type, Application & Geography
Part 4:
Asia-Pacific Market by Type, Application & Geography
Part 5:
Europe Market by Type, Application & Geography
Part 6:
North America Market by Type, Application & Geography
Part 7:
South America Market by Type, Application & Geography
Part 8:
Middle East & Africa Market by Type, Application & Geography
Part 9:
Market Features
Part 10:
Investment Opportunity
Part 11:
Conclusion

Market Segment as follows:

By Region

• Asia-Pacific[China, Southeast Asia, India, Japan, Korea, Western Asia]
• Europe[Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Netherlands, Turkey, Switzerland]
• North America[United States, Canada, Mexico]
• Middle East & Africa[GCC, North Africa, South Africa]
• South America[Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Peru]

Key Companies

• Sensidyne
• Honeywell
• Drager
• Gastec
• Kitagawa
• MSA Safety
• RAE Systems (Honeywell)
• Fisher Scientific
• Uniphos
• KwikDraw
• Industrial Scientific
• Sensit
• SP Scienceware

Market by Type

• Colorimetric Gas Detector Tubes
• Dosimetric Gas Detector Tubes

Market by Application

• Chemical Monitoring
• Gas and Vapor Detection
• Others

Contents

PART 1 MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Market Definition
1.2 Market Development
1.3 By Type
1.4 By Application
1.5 By Region

PART 2 KEY COMPANIES

2.1 Sensidyne
  2.1.1 Company Profile
  2.1.2 Products & Services Overview
  2.1.3 Sales Data List
2.2 Honeywell
2.3 Drager
2.4 Gastec
2.5 Kitagawa
2.6 MSA Safety
2.7 RAE Systems (Honeywell)
2.8 Fisher Scientific
2.9 Uniphos
2.10 KwikDraw
2.11 Industrial Scientific
2.12 Sensit
2.13 SP Scienceware

PART 3 GLOBAL MARKET STATUS AND FUTURE FORECAST

3.1 Global Market by Region
3.2 Global Market by Company
3.3 Global Market by Type
3.4 Global Market by Application
3.5 Global Market by Forecast

PART 4 ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET STATUS AND FUTURE FORECAST

4.1 Asia-Pacific Market by Type
4.2 Asia-Pacific Market by Application
4.3 Asia-Pacific Market by Geography
  4.3.1 China Market Status and Future Forecast
  4.3.2 Southeast Asia Market Status and Future Forecast
  4.3.3 India Market Status and Future Forecast
  4.3.4 Japan Market Status and Future Forecast
  4.3.5 Korea Market Status and Future Forecast
  4.3.6 Oceania Market Status and Future Forecast
4.4 Asia-Pacific Market by Forecast

PART 5 EUROPE MARKET STATUS AND FUTURE FORECAST

5.1 Europe Market by Type
5.2 Europe Market by Application
5.3 Europe Market by Geography
  5.3.1 Germany Market Status and Future Forecast
  5.3.2 UK Market Status and Future Forecast
  5.3.3 France Market Status and Future Forecast
  5.3.4 Italy Market Status and Future Forecast
  5.3.5 Russia Market Status and Future Forecast
  5.3.6 Spain Market Status and Future Forecast
  5.3.6 Netherlands Market Status and Future Forecast
  5.3.7 Turkey Market Status and Future Forecast
  5.3.6 Switzerland Market Status and Future Forecast
5.4 Europe Market by Forecast

PART 6 NORTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS AND FUTURE FORECAST

6.1 North America Market by Type
6.2 North America Market by Application
6.3 North America Market by Geography
  6.3.1 United States Market Status and Future Forecast
  6.3.2 Canada Market Status and Future Forecast
  6.3.3 Mexico Market Status and Future Forecast
6.4 North America Market by Forecast

PART 7 SOUTH AMERICA MARKET STATUS AND FUTURE FORECAST

7.1 South America Market by Type
7.2 South America Market by Application
7.3 South America Market by Geography
  7.3.1 Brazil Market Status and Future Forecast
  7.3.2 Argentina Market Status and Future Forecast
  7.3.3 Columbia Market Status and Future Forecast
  7.3.4 Chile Market Status and Future Forecast
  7.3.5 Peru Market Status and Future Forecast
7.4 South America Market by Forecast

PART 8 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA MARKET STATUS AND FUTURE FORECAST

8.1 Middle East & Africa Market by Type
8.2 Middle East & Africa Market by Application
8.3 Middle East & Africa Market by Geography
  8.3.1 GCC Market Status and Future Forecast
  8.3.2 North Africa Market Status and Future Forecast
  8.3.3 South Africa Market Status and Future Forecast
8.4 Middle East & Africa Market by Forecast

PART 9 MARKET FEATURES

9.1 Product Features
9.2 Price Features
9.3 Channel Features
9.4 Purchasing Features

PART 10 INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY

10.1 Regional Investment Opportunity
10.2 Industry Investment Opportunity

PART 11 CONCLUSION

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table Type of Gas Detector Tubes
Table Application of Gas Detector Tubes
Table Sensidyne Overview List
Table Gas Detector Tubes Business Operation of Sensidyne (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Honeywell Overview List
Table Gas Detector Tubes Business Operation of Honeywell (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Drager Overview List
Table Gas Detector Tubes Business Operation of Drager (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Gastec Overview List
Table Gas Detector Tubes Business Operation of Gastec (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Kitagawa Overview List
Table Gas Detector Tubes Business Operation of Kitagawa (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table MSA Safety Overview List
Table Gas Detector Tubes Business Operation of MSA Safety (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table RAE Systems (Honeywell) Overview List
Table Gas Detector Tubes Business Operation of RAE Systems (Honeywell) (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Fisher Scientific Overview List
Table Gas Detector Tubes Business Operation of Fisher Scientific (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Uniphos Overview List
Table Gas Detector Tubes Business Operation of Uniphos (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table KwikDraw Overview List
Table Gas Detector Tubes Business Operation of KwikDraw (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Industrial Scientific Overview List
Table Gas Detector Tubes Business Operation of Industrial Scientific (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Sensit Overview List
Table Gas Detector Tubes Business Operation of Sensit (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table SP Scienceware Overview List
Table Gas Detector Tubes Business Operation of SP Scienceware (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Global Gas Detector Tubes Market by Region, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Gas Detector Tubes Market by Region, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Region, 2015-2019
Table Global Gas Detector Tubes Market by Company, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Gas Detector Tubes Market by Company, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Company, 2015-2019
Table Global Gas Detector Tubes Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Gas Detector Tubes Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
Table Global Gas Detector Tubes Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Gas Detector Tubes Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
Table Asia-Pacific Gas Detector Tubes Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Table Asia-Pacific Gas Detector Tubes Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
Table Asia-Pacific Gas Detector Tubes Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Table Asia-Pacific Gas Detector Tubes Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
Table Europe Gas Detector Tubes Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Table Europe Gas Detector Tubes Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
Table Europe Gas Detector Tubes Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Table Europe Gas Detector Tubes Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
Table North America Gas Detector Tubes Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Table North America Gas Detector Tubes Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
Table North America Gas Detector Tubes Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Table North America Gas Detector Tubes Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
Table South America Gas Detector Tubes Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Table South America Gas Detector Tubes Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
Table South America Gas Detector Tubes Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Table South America Gas Detector Tubes Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
Table Middle East & Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Table Middle East & Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
Table Middle East & Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Table Middle East & Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Global Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Type in 2019
Figure Global Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure Global Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Region in 2019
Figure Asia Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Region in 2019
Figure Global Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Region in 2019 (Million USD)
Figure Global Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Region in 2019 (Volume)
Figure Global Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Company in 2019 (Million USD)
Figure Global Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Company in 2019 (Volume)
Figure Global Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
Figure Global Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
Figure Global Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
Figure Global Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
Figure Global Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Global Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Asia-Pacific Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
Figure Asia-Pacific Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
Figure Asia-Pacific Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
Figure Asia-Pacific Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
Figure Asia-Pacific Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Asia-Pacific Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure China Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure China Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure China Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure China Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Southeast Asia Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Southeast Asia Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure India Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure India Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure India Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure India Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Japan Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Japan Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Korea Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Korea Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Korea Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Korea Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Oceania Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Oceania Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Oceania Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Oceania Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Europe Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
Figure Europe Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
Figure Europe Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Germany Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Germany Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Germany Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Germany Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure UK Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure UK Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure UK Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure UK Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure France Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure France Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure France Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure France Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Italy Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Italy Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Italy Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Italy Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Russia Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Russia Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Russia Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Russia Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Spain Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Spain Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Spain Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Spain Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Netherlands Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Netherlands Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Netherlands Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Netherlands Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Turkey Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Turkey Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Turkey Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Turkey Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Switzerland Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Switzerland Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Switzerland Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Switzerland Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure North America Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
Figure North America Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
Figure North America Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
Figure North America Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
Figure North America Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure North America Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure United States Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure United States Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure United States Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure United States Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Canada Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Canada Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Canada Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Canada Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Mexico Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Mexico Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Mexico Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Mexico Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure South America Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
Figure South America Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
Figure South America Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
Figure South America Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
Figure South America Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure South America Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Brazil Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Brazil Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Brazil Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Brazil Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Argentina Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Argentina Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Argentina Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Argentina Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Columbia Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Columbia Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Columbia Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Columbia Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Chile Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Chile Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Chile Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Chile Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Peru Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Peru Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Peru Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Peru Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure Middle East & Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
Figure Middle East & Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
Figure Middle East & Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
Figure Middle East & Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
Figure Middle East & Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure Middle East & Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure GCC Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure GCC Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure GCC Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure GCC Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure North Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure North Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure North Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure North Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)
Figure South Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure South Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure South Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Figure South Africa Gas Detector Tubes Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Volume)