Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market Research Report 2016

December 2016 | 114 pages | ID: G9486FF837BEN
QYResearch

Abstracts

Notes:

Production, means the output of Dissolved Gas Analyzers

Revenue, means the sales value of Dissolved Gas Analyzers

This report studies Dissolved Gas Analyzers in Global market, especially in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India, focuses on top manufacturers in global market, with production, price, revenue and market share for each manufacturer, covering

• Qualitrol Company LLC
• Siemens
• Aligent
• LumaSense Technologies Inc.
• Weidmann
• General Electric
• Morgan Schaffer Corporation
• ABB Ltd.
• Doble Engineering
• Gatron GmbH
• OELCHECK GmbH
• SD Myers, Inc.
• EMH Energy-Messtechnik GmbH
• Sieyuan Electric Co

Market Segment by Regions, this report splits Global into several key Regions, with production, consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate of Dissolved Gas Analyzers in these regions, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like

• North America
• Europe
• China
• Japan
• Southeast Asia
• India

Split by product type, with production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into

• By Extraction Type：
• Vacuum extraction or rack method
• Head space extraction
• Stripper column method
• Others (multiple gas extractor)
• By Power Rating：
• 100-500 MVA
• 501-800 MVA
• 801-1200 MVA

Split by application, this report focuses on consumption, market share and growth rate of Dissolved Gas Analyzers in each application, can be divided into

• Smoke alarms
• Early warning DGA monitoring
• Comprehensive DGA monitoring
• Laboratory services
• Database software
• Portable DGA devices

Contents

Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market Research Report 2016

1 DISSOLVED GAS ANALYZERS MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Dissolved Gas Analyzers
1.2 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Segment by Type
  1.2.1 Global Production Market Share of Dissolved Gas Analyzers by Type in 2015
  1.2.2 Vacuum extraction or rack method
  1.2.3 Head space extraction
  1.2.4 Stripper column method
  1.2.5 Others (multiple gas extractor)
1.3 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Segment by Application
  1.3.1 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
  1.3.2 Smoke alarms
  1.3.3 Early warning DGA monitoring
  1.3.4 Comprehensive DGA monitoring
  1.3.5 Laboratory services
  1.3.6 Database software
  1.3.7 Portable DGA devices
1.4 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market by Region
  1.4.1 North America Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.2 Europe Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.3 China Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.4 Japan Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.5 Southeast Asia Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.6 India Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.5 Global Market Size (Value) of Dissolved Gas Analyzers (2011-2021)

2 GLOBAL DISSOLVED GAS ANALYZERS MARKET COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS

2.1 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.3 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Average Price by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.4 Manufacturers Dissolved Gas Analyzers Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area and Product Type
2.5 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.5.1 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market Concentration Rate
  2.5.2 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers
  2.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 GLOBAL DISSOLVED GAS ANALYZERS PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2011-2016)

3.1 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production by Region (2011-2016)
3.2 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production Market Share by Region (2011-2016)
3.3 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Region (2011-2016)
3.4 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.5 North America Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.6 Europe Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.7 China Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.8 Japan Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.9 Southeast Asia Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.10 India Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

4 GLOBAL DISSOLVED GAS ANALYZERS SUPPLY (PRODUCTION), CONSUMPTION, EXPORT, IMPORT BY REGIONS (2011-2016)

4.1 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Consumption by Regions (2011-2016)
4.2 North America Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.3 Europe Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.4 China Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.5 Japan Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.6 Southeast Asia Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.7 India Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)

5 GLOBAL DISSOLVED GAS ANALYZERS PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE), PRICE TREND BY TYPE

5.1 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
5.2 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
5.3 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Price by Type (2011-2016)
5.4 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production Growth by Type (2011-2016)

6 GLOBAL DISSOLVED GAS ANALYZERS MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

6.1 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Consumption and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
6.2 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
6.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities
  6.3.1 Potential Applications
  6.3.2 Emerging Markets/Countries

7 GLOBAL DISSOLVED GAS ANALYZERS MANUFACTURERS PROFILES/ANALYSIS

7.1 Qualitrol Company LLC
  7.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.1.2 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.1.2.1 Type I
    7.1.2.2 Type II
  7.1.3 Qualitrol Company LLC Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.2 Siemens
  7.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.2.2 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.2.2.1 Type I
    7.2.2.2 Type II
  7.2.3 Siemens Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.3 Aligent
  7.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.3.2 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.3.2.1 Type I
    7.3.2.2 Type II
  7.3.3 Aligent Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.4 LumaSense Technologies Inc.
  7.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.4.2 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.4.2.1 Type I
    7.4.2.2 Type II
  7.4.3 LumaSense Technologies Inc. Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.5 Weidmann
  7.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.5.2 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.5.2.1 Type I
    7.5.2.2 Type II
  7.5.3 Weidmann Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.6 General Electric
  7.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.6.2 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.6.2.1 Type I
    7.6.2.2 Type II
  7.6.3 General Electric Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.7 Morgan Schaffer Corporation
  7.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.7.2 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.7.2.1 Type I
    7.7.2.2 Type II
  7.7.3 Morgan Schaffer Corporation Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.8 ABB Ltd.
  7.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.8.2 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.8.2.1 Type I
    7.8.2.2 Type II
  7.8.3 ABB Ltd. Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.9 Doble Engineering
  7.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.9.2 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.9.2.1 Type I
    7.9.2.2 Type II
  7.9.3 Doble Engineering Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.10 Gatron GmbH
  7.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.10.2 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.10.2.1 Type I
    7.10.2.2 Type II
  7.10.3 Gatron GmbH Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.11 OELCHECK GmbH
7.12 SD Myers, Inc.
7.13 EMH Energy-Messtechnik GmbH
7.14 Sieyuan Electric Co

8 DISSOLVED GAS ANALYZERS MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

8.1 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Key Raw Materials Analysis
  8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  8.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  8.2.1 Raw Materials
  8.2.2 Labor Cost
  8.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Dissolved Gas Analyzers

9 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

9.1 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Industrial Chain Analysis
9.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
9.3 Raw Materials Sources of Dissolved Gas Analyzers Major Manufacturers in 2015
9.4 Downstream Buyers

10 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

10.1 Marketing Channel
  10.1.1 Direct Marketing
  10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
  10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  10.2.2 Brand Strategy
  10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List

11 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

11.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  11.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  11.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
11.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
11.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

12 GLOBAL DISSOLVED GAS ANALYZERS MARKET FORECAST (2016-2021)

12.1 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue Forecast (2016-2021)
12.2 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Consumption Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
12.3 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
12.4 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Consumption Forecast by Application (2016-2021)
12.5 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Price Forecast (2016-2021)

13 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

14 APPENDIX

Disclosure Section
Research Methodology
Data Source
Disclaimer

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Dissolved Gas Analyzers
Figure Global Production Market Share of Dissolved Gas Analyzers by Type in 2015
Figure Product Picture of Vacuum extraction or rack method
Table Major Manufacturers of Vacuum extraction or rack method
Figure Product Picture of Head space extraction
Table Major Manufacturers of Head space extraction
Figure Product Picture of Stripper column method
Table Major Manufacturers of Stripper column method
Figure Product Picture of Others (multiple gas extractor)
Table Major Manufacturers of Others (multiple gas extractor)
Table Dissolved Gas Analyzers Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
Figure Smoke alarms Examples
Figure Early warning DGA monitoring Examples
Figure Comprehensive DGA monitoring Examples
Figure Laboratory services Examples
Figure Database software Examples
Figure Portable DGA devices Examples
Figure North America Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure China Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Japan Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure India Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue (Million UDS) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Capacity of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2015
Figure Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2016
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Market Dissolved Gas Analyzers Average Price of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure Global Market Dissolved Gas Analyzers Average Price of Key Manufacturers in 2015
Table Manufacturers Dissolved Gas Analyzers Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table Manufacturers Dissolved Gas Analyzers Product Type
Figure Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market Share of Top 3 Manufacturers
Figure Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market Share of Top 5 Manufacturers
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Capacity by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Capacity Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Capacity Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Capacity Market Share by Regions
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production Market Share by Regions
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Table 2015 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue Market Share by Regions
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table North America Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Europe Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table China Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Japan Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Southeast Asia Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table India Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Consumption Market by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Consumption Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Consumption Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Consumption Market Share by Regions
Table North America Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Europe Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table China Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Japan Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Southeast Asia Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table India Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Production Market Share of Dissolved Gas Analyzers by Type (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Production Market Share of Dissolved Gas Analyzers by Type
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Production Revenue Share of Dissolved Gas Analyzers by Type (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Revenue Market Share of Dissolved Gas Analyzers by Type
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Price by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production Growth by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Consumption by Application (2011-2016)
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Consumption Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
Table Qualitrol Company LLC Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Qualitrol Company LLC Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Qualitrol Company LLC Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Siemens Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Siemens Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Siemens Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Aligent Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Aligent Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Aligent Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market Share (2011-2016)
Table LumaSense Technologies Inc. Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table LumaSense Technologies Inc. Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure LumaSense Technologies Inc. Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Weidmann Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Weidmann Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Weidmann Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market Share (2011-2016)
Table General Electric Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table General Electric Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure General Electric Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Morgan Schaffer Corporation Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Morgan Schaffer Corporation Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Morgan Schaffer Corporation Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market Share (2011-2016)
Table ABB Ltd. Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table ABB Ltd. Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure ABB Ltd. Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Doble Engineering Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Doble Engineering Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Doble Engineering Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Gatron GmbH Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Gatron GmbH Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Gatron GmbH Dissolved Gas Analyzers Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Dissolved Gas Analyzers
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Dissolved Gas Analyzers
Figure Dissolved Gas Analyzers Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Dissolved Gas Analyzers Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Dissolved Gas Analyzers
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Consumption Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Production Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Dissolved Gas Analyzers Consumption Forecast by Application (2016-2021)