Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Professional Survey Report 2017

November 2017 | 100 pages | ID: GD712DB0AF4EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

This report studies Cryogenic Industrial Valve in Global market, especially in North America, China, Europe, Southeast Asia, Japan and India, with production, revenue, consumption, import and export in these regions, from 2012 to 2016, and forecast to 2022.

This report focuses on top manufacturers in global market, with production, price, revenue and market share for each manufacturer, covering

• AVK Holding
• Avcon Controls Private Limited
• Crane Co
• Emerson
• Flowserve
• Forbes Marshall
• Samson AG
• Spirax Sarco

On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• Ball Valves
• Butterfly Valves
• Gate Valves
• Glove Valves
• Plug Valves
• Check Valves
• Diaphragm Valves
• Safety Valves

By Application, the market can be split into

• Oil & Gas
• Water & Wastewater
• Energy & Power
• Chemical
• Food & Beverages
• Pharmaceutical
• Building & Construction
• Others

By Regions, this report covers (we can add the regions/countries as you want)

• North America
• China
• Europe
• Southeast Asia
• Japan
• India

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Professional Survey Report 2017

1 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW OF CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIAL VALVE

1.1 Definition and Specifications of Cryogenic Industrial Valve
  1.1.1 Definition of Cryogenic Industrial Valve
  1.1.2 Specifications of Cryogenic Industrial Valve
1.2 Classification of Cryogenic Industrial Valve
  1.2.1 Ball Valves
  1.2.2 Butterfly Valves
  1.2.3 Gate Valves
  1.2.4 Glove Valves
  1.2.5 Plug Valves
  1.2.6 Check Valves
  1.2.7 Diaphragm Valves
  1.2.8 Safety Valves
1.3 Applications of Cryogenic Industrial Valve
  1.3.1 Oil & Gas
  1.3.2 Water & Wastewater
  1.3.3 Energy & Power
  1.3.4 Chemical
  1.3.5 Food & Beverages
  1.3.6 Pharmaceutical
  1.3.7 Building & Construction
  1.3.8 Others
1.4 Market Segment by Regions
  1.4.1 North America
  1.4.2 China
  1.4.3 Europe
  1.4.4 Southeast Asia
  1.4.5 Japan
  1.4.6 India

2 MANUFACTURING COST STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIAL VALVE

2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Cryogenic Industrial Valve
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Cryogenic Industrial Valve
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Cryogenic Industrial Valve

3 TECHNICAL DATA AND MANUFACTURING PLANTS ANALYSIS OF CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIAL VALVE

3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Major Manufacturers in 2016
3.2 Manufacturing Plants Distribution of Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Major Manufacturers in 2016
3.3 R&D Status and Technology Source of Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Major Manufacturers in 2016
3.4 Raw Materials Sources Analysis of Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Major Manufacturers in 2016

4 GLOBAL CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIAL VALVE OVERALL MARKET OVERVIEW

4.1 2012-2017E Overall Market Analysis
4.2 Capacity Analysis
  4.2.1 2012-2017E Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Capacity and Growth Rate Analysis
  4.2.2 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Capacity Analysis (Company Segment)
4.3 Sales Analysis
  4.3.1 2012-2017E Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales and Growth Rate Analysis
  4.3.2 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Analysis (Company Segment)
4.4 Sales Price Analysis
  4.4.1 2012-2017E Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price
  4.4.2 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price Analysis (Company Segment)

5 CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIAL VALVE REGIONAL MARKET ANALYSIS

5.1 North America Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Analysis
  5.1.1 North America Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Overview
  5.1.2 North America 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.1.3 North America 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price Analysis
  5.1.4 North America 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Share Analysis
5.2 China Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Analysis
  5.2.1 China Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Overview
  5.2.2 China 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.2.3 China 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price Analysis
  5.2.4 China 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Share Analysis
5.3 Europe Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Analysis
  5.3.1 Europe Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Overview
  5.3.2 Europe 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.3.3 Europe 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price Analysis
  5.3.4 Europe 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Share Analysis
5.4 Southeast Asia Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Analysis
  5.4.1 Southeast Asia Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Overview
  5.4.2 Southeast Asia 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.4.3 Southeast Asia 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price Analysis
  5.4.4 Southeast Asia 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Share Analysis
5.5 Japan Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Analysis
  5.5.1 Japan Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Overview
  5.5.2 Japan 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.5.3 Japan 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price Analysis
  5.5.4 Japan 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Share Analysis
5.6 India Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Analysis
  5.6.1 India Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Overview
  5.6.2 India 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
  5.6.3 India 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price Analysis
  5.6.4 India 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Share Analysis

6 GLOBAL 2012-2017E CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIAL VALVE SEGMENT MARKET ANALYSIS (BY TYPE)

6.1 Global 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales by Type
6.2 Different Types of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Product Interview Price Analysis
6.3 Different Types of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Product Driving Factors Analysis
  6.3.1 Ball Valves of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  6.3.2 Butterfly Valves of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  6.3.3 Gate Valves of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  6.3.4 Glove Valves of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  6.3.5 Plug Valves of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  6.3.6 Check Valves of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  6.3.7 Diaphragm Valves of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  6.3.8 Safety Valves of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Growth Driving Factor Analysis

7 GLOBAL 2012-2017E CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIAL VALVE SEGMENT MARKET ANALYSIS (BY APPLICATION)

7.1 Global 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Consumption by Application
7.2 Different Application of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Product Interview Price Analysis
7.3 Different Application of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Product Driving Factors Analysis
  7.3.1 Oil & Gas of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.2 Water & Wastewater of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.3 Energy & Power of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.4 Chemical of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.5 Food & Beverages of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.6 Pharmaceutical of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.7 Building & Construction of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Growth Driving Factor Analysis
  7.3.8 Others of Cryogenic Industrial Valve Growth Driving Factor Analysis

8 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS OF CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIAL VALVE

8.1 AVK Holding
  8.1.1 Company Profile
  8.1.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.1.2.1 Product A
    8.1.2.2 Product B
  8.1.3 AVK Holding 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.1.4 AVK Holding 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.2 Avcon Controls Private Limited
  8.2.1 Company Profile
  8.2.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.2.2.1 Product A
    8.2.2.2 Product B
  8.2.3 Avcon Controls Private Limited 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.2.4 Avcon Controls Private Limited 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.3 Crane Co
  8.3.1 Company Profile
  8.3.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.3.2.1 Product A
    8.3.2.2 Product B
  8.3.3 Crane Co 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.3.4 Crane Co 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.4 Emerson
  8.4.1 Company Profile
  8.4.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.4.2.1 Product A
    8.4.2.2 Product B
  8.4.3 Emerson 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.4.4 Emerson 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.5 Flowserve
  8.5.1 Company Profile
  8.5.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.5.2.1 Product A
    8.5.2.2 Product B
  8.5.3 Flowserve 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.5.4 Flowserve 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.6 Forbes Marshall
  8.6.1 Company Profile
  8.6.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.6.2.1 Product A
    8.6.2.2 Product B
  8.6.3 Forbes Marshall 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.6.4 Forbes Marshall 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.7 Samson AG
  8.7.1 Company Profile
  8.7.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.7.2.1 Product A
    8.7.2.2 Product B
  8.7.3 Samson AG 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.7.4 Samson AG 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.8 Spirax Sarco
  8.8.1 Company Profile
  8.8.2 Product Picture and Specifications
    8.8.2.1 Product A
    8.8.2.2 Product B
  8.8.3 Spirax Sarco 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
  8.8.4 Spirax Sarco 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Business Region Distribution Analysis

9 DEVELOPMENT TREND OF ANALYSIS OF CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIAL VALVE MARKET

9.1 Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Trend Analysis
  9.1.1 Global 2017-2022 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast
  9.1.2 Global 2017-2022 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price Forecast
9.2 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Regional Market Trend
  9.2.1 North America 2017-2022 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Consumption Forecast
  9.2.2 China 2017-2022 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Consumption Forecast
  9.2.3 Europe 2017-2022 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Consumption Forecast
  9.2.4 Southeast Asia 2017-2022 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Consumption Forecast
  9.2.5 Japan 2017-2022 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Consumption Forecast
  9.2.6 India 2017-2022 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Consumption Forecast
9.3 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Trend (Application)

10 CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIAL VALVE MARKETING TYPE ANALYSIS

10.1 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Regional Marketing Type Analysis
10.2 Cryogenic Industrial Valve International Trade Type Analysis
10.3 Traders or Distributors with Contact Information of Cryogenic Industrial Valve by Region
10.4 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Supply Chain Analysis

11 CONSUMERS ANALYSIS OF CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIAL VALVE

11.1 Consumer 1 Analysis
11.2 Consumer 2 Analysis
11.3 Consumer 3 Analysis
11.4 Consumer 4 Analysis

12 CONCLUSION OF THE GLOBAL CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIAL VALVE MARKET PROFESSIONAL SURVEY REPORT 2017

Methodology
Analyst Introduction
Data Source


The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Cryogenic Industrial Valve
Table Product Specifications of Cryogenic Industrial Valve
Table Classification of Cryogenic Industrial Valve
Figure Global Production Market Share of Cryogenic Industrial Valve by Type in 2016
Figure Ball Valves Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Ball Valves
Figure Butterfly Valves Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Butterfly Valves
Figure Gate Valves Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Gate Valves
Figure Glove Valves Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Glove Valves
Figure Plug Valves Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Plug Valves
Figure Check Valves Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Check Valves
Figure Diaphragm Valves Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Diaphragm Valves
Figure Safety Valves Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Safety Valves
Table Applications of Cryogenic Industrial Valve
Figure Global Consumption Volume Market Share of Cryogenic Industrial Valve by Application in 2016
Figure Oil & Gas Examples
Table Major Consumers in Oil & Gas
Figure Water & Wastewater Examples
Table Major Consumers in Water & Wastewater
Figure Energy & Power Examples
Table Major Consumers in Energy & Power
Figure Chemical Examples
Table Major Consumers in Chemical
Figure Food & Beverages Examples
Table Major Consumers in Food & Beverages
Figure Pharmaceutical Examples
Table Major Consumers in Pharmaceutical
Figure Building & Construction Examples
Table Major Consumers in Building & Construction
Figure Others Examples
Table Major Consumers in Others
Figure Market Share of Cryogenic Industrial Valve by Regions
Figure North America Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Size (Million USD) (2012-2022)
Figure China Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Size (Million USD) (2012-2022)
Figure Europe Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Size (Million USD) (2012-2022)
Figure Southeast Asia Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Size (Million USD) (2012-2022)
Figure Japan Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Size (Million USD) (2012-2022)
Figure India Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Size (Million USD) (2012-2022)
Table Cryogenic Industrial Valve Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Cryogenic Industrial Valve in 2016
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Cryogenic Industrial Valve
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Cryogenic Industrial Valve
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Major Manufacturers in 2016
Table Manufacturing Plants Distribution of Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Major Manufacturers in 2016
Table R&D Status and Technology Source of Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Major Manufacturers in 2016
Table Raw Materials Sources Analysis of Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Major Manufacturers in 2016
Table Global Capacity, Sales, Price, Cost, Sales Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Cryogenic Industrial Valve 2012-2017
Figure Global 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Size (Volume) and Growth Rate
Figure Global 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Size (Value) and Growth Rate
Table 2012-2017E Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Capacity and Growth Rate
Table 2016 Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Capacity (K Units) List (Company Segment)
Table 2012-2017E Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate
Table 2016 Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales (K Units) List (Company Segment)
Table 2012-2017E Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Table 2016 Global Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price (USD/Unit) List (Company Segment)
Figure North America Capacity Overview
Table North America Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Cryogenic Industrial Valve 2012-2017E
Figure North America 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure North America 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Market Share
Figure China Capacity Overview
Table China Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Cryogenic Industrial Valve 2012-2017E
Figure China 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure China 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Market Share
Figure Europe Capacity Overview
Table Europe Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Cryogenic Industrial Valve 2012-2017E
Figure Europe 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure Europe 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Market Share
Figure Southeast Asia Capacity Overview
Table Southeast Asia Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Cryogenic Industrial Valve 2012-2017E
Figure Southeast Asia 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure Southeast Asia 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Market Share
Figure Japan Capacity Overview
Table Japan Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Cryogenic Industrial Valve 2012-2017E
Figure Japan 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure Japan 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Market Share
Figure India Capacity Overview
Table India Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Cryogenic Industrial Valve 2012-2017E
Figure India 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure India 2016 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Market Share
Table Global 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales (K Units) by Type
Table Different Types Cryogenic Industrial Valve Product Interview Price
Table Global 2012-2017E Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales (K Units) by Application
Table Different Application Cryogenic Industrial Valve Product Interview Price
Table AVK Holding Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2016 AVK Holding Cryogenic Industrial Valve Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2016 AVK Holding Cryogenic Industrial Valve Business Region Distribution
Table Avcon Controls Private Limited Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2016 Avcon Controls Private Limited Cryogenic Industrial Valve Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2016 Avcon Controls Private Limited Cryogenic Industrial Valve Business Region Distribution
Table Crane Co Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2015 Crane Co Cryogenic Industrial Valve Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2016 Crane Co Cryogenic Industrial Valve Business Region Distribution
Table Emerson Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2016 Emerson Cryogenic Industrial Valve Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2016 Emerson Cryogenic Industrial Valve Business Region Distribution
Table Flowserve Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2016 Flowserve Cryogenic Industrial Valve Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2016 Flowserve Cryogenic Industrial Valve Business Region Distribution
Table Forbes Marshall Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2016 Forbes Marshall Cryogenic Industrial Valve Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2016 Forbes Marshall Cryogenic Industrial Valve Business Region Distribution
Table Samson AG Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2016 Samson AG Cryogenic Industrial Valve Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2016 Samson AG Cryogenic Industrial Valve Business Region Distribution
Table Spirax Sarco Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2016 Spirax Sarco Cryogenic Industrial Valve Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2016 Spirax Sarco Cryogenic Industrial Valve Business Region Distribution
Figure Global 2017-2022 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Size (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Global 2017-2022 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Market Size (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Global 2017-2022 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Sales Price (USD/Unit) Forecast
Figure North America 2017-2022 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure China 2017-2022 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Europe 2017-2022 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Southeast Asia 2017-2022 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Japan 2017-2022 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure India 2017-2022 Cryogenic Industrial Valve Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Table Global Sales Volume (K Units) of Cryogenic Industrial Valve by Type 2017-2022
Table Global Consumption Volume (K Units) of Cryogenic Industrial Valve by Application 2017-2022
Table Traders or Distributors with Contact Information of Cryogenic Industrial Valve by Region