Europe Walking Tractor Market Report 2017
Notes:
Sales, means the sales volume of Walking Tractor
Revenue, means the sales value of Walking Tractor
This report studies sales (consumption) of Walking Tractor in Europe market, especially in Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, Spain and Benelux, focuses on top players in these countries, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each player in these Countries, covering
Sales, means the sales volume of Walking Tractor
Revenue, means the sales value of Walking Tractor
This report studies sales (consumption) of Walking Tractor in Europe market, especially in Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, Spain and Benelux, focuses on top players in these countries, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each player in these Countries, covering
- V.S.T Tillers
- BCS America
- Ferrari
- Earth Tools
- Grillo spa
- Kubota
- Briggs & Stratton
- Yancheng Yanhai
- Indtec Elektro Control
- Jinyee
- Shifeng
- Changlin
- Sifang
- Dongfeng farm
- WEIFANG LANGPAK
- Germany
- France
- UK
- Russia
- Italy
- Spain
- Benelux
- Below 2.2KW
- 2.2~4.5KW
- 5~13KW
- Agricultural Machinery Traction
- Agricultural Transportation
Europe Walking Tractor Market Report 2017
1 WALKING TRACTOR OVERVIEW
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Walking Tractor
1.2 Classification of Walking Tractor
1.2.1 Below 2.2KW
1.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
1.2.3 5~13KW
1.3 Application of Walking Tractor
1.3.1 Agricultural Machinery Traction
1.3.2 Agricultural Transportation
1.4 Walking Tractor Market by Countries
1.4.1 Germany Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.2 France Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.3 UK Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.4 Russia Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.5 Italy Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.6 Spain Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.7 Benelux Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.5 Europe Market Size (Value and Volume) of Walking Tractor (2011-2021)
1.5.1 Europe Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
1.5.2 Europe Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
2 EUROPE WALKING TRACTOR BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION
2.1 Europe Walking Tractor Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1.1 Europe Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.1.2 Europe Walking Tractor Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Europe Walking Tractor (Volume and Value) by Type
2.2.1 Europe Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
2.2.2 Europe Walking Tractor Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
2.3 Europe Walking Tractor (Volume and Value) by Countries
2.3.1 Europe Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
2.3.2 Europe Walking Tractor Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
2.4 Europe Walking Tractor (Volume) by Application
3 GERMANY WALKING TRACTOR (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
3.1 Germany Walking Tractor Sales and Value (2011-2016)
3.1.1 Germany Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
3.1.2 Germany Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
3.1.3 Germany Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
3.2 Germany Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
3.3 Germany Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type
3.4 Germany Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Application
4 FRANCE WALKING TRACTOR (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
4.1 France Walking Tractor Sales and Value (2011-2016)
4.1.1 France Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
4.1.2 France Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
4.1.4 France Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
4.2 France Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
4.3 France Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type
4.4 France Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Application
5 UK WALKING TRACTOR (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
5.1 UK Walking Tractor Sales and Value (2011-2016)
5.1.1 UK Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
5.1.2 UK Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
5.1.5 UK Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
5.2 UK Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
5.3 UK Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type
5.4 UK Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Application
6 RUSSIA WALKING TRACTOR (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
6.1 Russia Walking Tractor Sales and Value (2011-2016)
6.1.1 Russia Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
6.1.2 Russia Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
6.1.6 Russia Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
6.2 Russia Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Russia Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Russia Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Application
7 ITALY WALKING TRACTOR (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
7.1 Italy Walking Tractor Sales and Value (2011-2016)
7.1.1 Italy Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
7.1.2 Italy Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
7.1.7 Italy Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
7.2 Italy Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 Italy Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 Italy Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Application
8 SPAIN WALKING TRACTOR (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
8.1 Spain Walking Tractor Sales and Value (2011-2016)
8.1.1 Spain Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
8.1.2 Spain Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
8.1.8 Spain Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
8.2 Spain Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 Spain Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 Spain Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Application
9 BENELUX WALKING TRACTOR (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
9.1 Benelux Walking Tractor Sales and Value (2011-2016)
9.1.1 Benelux Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
9.1.2 Benelux Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
9.1.9 Benelux Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
9.2 Benelux Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Benelux Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Benelux Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Application
10 EUROPE WALKING TRACTOR MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
10.1 V.S.T Tillers
10.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.1.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.1.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.1.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.1.3 V.S.T Tillers Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.2 BCS America
10.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.2.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.2.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.2.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.2.3 BCS America Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.3 Ferrari
10.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.3.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.3.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.3.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.3.3 Ferrari Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.4 Earth Tools
10.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.4.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.4.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.4.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.4.3 Earth Tools Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.5 Grillo spa
10.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.5.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.5.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.5.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.5.3 Grillo spa Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.6 Kubota
10.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.6.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.6.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.6.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.6.3 Kubota Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.7 Briggs & Stratton
10.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.7.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.7.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.7.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.7.3 Briggs & Stratton Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.8 Yancheng Yanhai
10.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.8.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.8.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.8.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.8.3 Yancheng Yanhai Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.9 Indtec Elektro Control
10.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.9.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.9.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.9.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.9.3 Indtec Elektro Control Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.10 Jinyee
10.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.10.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.10.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.10.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.10.3 Jinyee Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.11 Shifeng
10.12 Changlin
10.13 Sifang
10.14 Dongfeng farm
10.15 WEIFANG LANGPAK
11 WALKING TRACTOR MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS
11.1 Walking Tractor Key Raw Materials Analysis
11.1.1 Key Raw Materials
11.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
11.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
11.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
11.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
11.2.1 Raw Materials
11.2.2 Labor Cost
11.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
11.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Walking Tractor
12 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS
12.1 Walking Tractor Industrial Chain Analysis
12.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
12.3 Raw Materials Sources of Walking Tractor Major Manufacturers in 2015
12.4 Downstream Buyers
13 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS
13.1 Marketing Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
13.2 Market Positioning
13.2.1 Pricing Strategy
13.2.2 Brand Strategy
13.2.3 Target Client
13.3 Distributors/Traders List
14 EUROPE WALKING TRACTOR MARKET FORECAST (2016-2021)
14.1 Germany Walking Tractor Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.2 France Walking Tractor Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.3 UK Walking Tractor Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.4 Russia Walking Tractor Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.5 Italy Walking Tractor Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.6 Spain Walking Tractor Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.7 Benelux Walking Tractor Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.8 Europe Walking Tractor Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
14.9 Europe Walking Tractor Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)
15 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
16 APPENDIX
Methodology
Analyst Introduction
Data Source
The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.
1 WALKING TRACTOR OVERVIEW
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Walking Tractor
1.2 Classification of Walking Tractor
1.2.1 Below 2.2KW
1.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
1.2.3 5~13KW
1.3 Application of Walking Tractor
1.3.1 Agricultural Machinery Traction
1.3.2 Agricultural Transportation
1.4 Walking Tractor Market by Countries
1.4.1 Germany Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.2 France Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.3 UK Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.4 Russia Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.5 Italy Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.6 Spain Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.7 Benelux Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.5 Europe Market Size (Value and Volume) of Walking Tractor (2011-2021)
1.5.1 Europe Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
1.5.2 Europe Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
2 EUROPE WALKING TRACTOR BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION
2.1 Europe Walking Tractor Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1.1 Europe Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.1.2 Europe Walking Tractor Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Europe Walking Tractor (Volume and Value) by Type
2.2.1 Europe Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
2.2.2 Europe Walking Tractor Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
2.3 Europe Walking Tractor (Volume and Value) by Countries
2.3.1 Europe Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
2.3.2 Europe Walking Tractor Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
2.4 Europe Walking Tractor (Volume) by Application
3 GERMANY WALKING TRACTOR (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
3.1 Germany Walking Tractor Sales and Value (2011-2016)
3.1.1 Germany Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
3.1.2 Germany Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
3.1.3 Germany Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
3.2 Germany Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
3.3 Germany Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type
3.4 Germany Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Application
4 FRANCE WALKING TRACTOR (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
4.1 France Walking Tractor Sales and Value (2011-2016)
4.1.1 France Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
4.1.2 France Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
4.1.4 France Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
4.2 France Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
4.3 France Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type
4.4 France Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Application
5 UK WALKING TRACTOR (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
5.1 UK Walking Tractor Sales and Value (2011-2016)
5.1.1 UK Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
5.1.2 UK Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
5.1.5 UK Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
5.2 UK Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
5.3 UK Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type
5.4 UK Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Application
6 RUSSIA WALKING TRACTOR (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
6.1 Russia Walking Tractor Sales and Value (2011-2016)
6.1.1 Russia Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
6.1.2 Russia Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
6.1.6 Russia Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
6.2 Russia Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Russia Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Russia Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Application
7 ITALY WALKING TRACTOR (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
7.1 Italy Walking Tractor Sales and Value (2011-2016)
7.1.1 Italy Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
7.1.2 Italy Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
7.1.7 Italy Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
7.2 Italy Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 Italy Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 Italy Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Application
8 SPAIN WALKING TRACTOR (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
8.1 Spain Walking Tractor Sales and Value (2011-2016)
8.1.1 Spain Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
8.1.2 Spain Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
8.1.8 Spain Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
8.2 Spain Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 Spain Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 Spain Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Application
9 BENELUX WALKING TRACTOR (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
9.1 Benelux Walking Tractor Sales and Value (2011-2016)
9.1.1 Benelux Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
9.1.2 Benelux Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
9.1.9 Benelux Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
9.2 Benelux Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Benelux Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Benelux Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Application
10 EUROPE WALKING TRACTOR MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
10.1 V.S.T Tillers
10.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.1.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.1.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.1.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.1.3 V.S.T Tillers Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.2 BCS America
10.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.2.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.2.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.2.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.2.3 BCS America Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.3 Ferrari
10.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.3.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.3.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.3.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.3.3 Ferrari Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.4 Earth Tools
10.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.4.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.4.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.4.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.4.3 Earth Tools Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.5 Grillo spa
10.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.5.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.5.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.5.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.5.3 Grillo spa Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.6 Kubota
10.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.6.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.6.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.6.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.6.3 Kubota Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.7 Briggs & Stratton
10.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.7.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.7.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.7.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.7.3 Briggs & Stratton Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.8 Yancheng Yanhai
10.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.8.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.8.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.8.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.8.3 Yancheng Yanhai Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.9 Indtec Elektro Control
10.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.9.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.9.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.9.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.9.3 Indtec Elektro Control Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.10 Jinyee
10.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.10.2 Walking Tractor Product Type, Application and Specification
10.10.2.1 Below 2.2KW
10.10.2.2 2.2~4.5KW
10.10.3 Jinyee Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.11 Shifeng
10.12 Changlin
10.13 Sifang
10.14 Dongfeng farm
10.15 WEIFANG LANGPAK
11 WALKING TRACTOR MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS
11.1 Walking Tractor Key Raw Materials Analysis
11.1.1 Key Raw Materials
11.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
11.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
11.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
11.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
11.2.1 Raw Materials
11.2.2 Labor Cost
11.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
11.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Walking Tractor
12 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS
12.1 Walking Tractor Industrial Chain Analysis
12.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
12.3 Raw Materials Sources of Walking Tractor Major Manufacturers in 2015
12.4 Downstream Buyers
13 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS
13.1 Marketing Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
13.2 Market Positioning
13.2.1 Pricing Strategy
13.2.2 Brand Strategy
13.2.3 Target Client
13.3 Distributors/Traders List
14 EUROPE WALKING TRACTOR MARKET FORECAST (2016-2021)
14.1 Germany Walking Tractor Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.2 France Walking Tractor Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.3 UK Walking Tractor Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.4 Russia Walking Tractor Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.5 Italy Walking Tractor Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.6 Spain Walking Tractor Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.7 Benelux Walking Tractor Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.8 Europe Walking Tractor Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
14.9 Europe Walking Tractor Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)
15 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
16 APPENDIX
Methodology
Analyst Introduction
Data Source
The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Figure Picture of Walking Tractor
Table Classification of Walking Tractor
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Walking Tractor by Type in 2015
Figure Below 2.2KW Picture
Figure 2.2~4.5KW Picture
Figure 5~13KW Picture
Table Application of Walking Tractor
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Walking Tractor by Application in 2015
Figure Agricultural Machinery Traction Examples
Figure Agricultural Transportation Examples
Figure Germany Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure France Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure UK Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Russia Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Italy Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Spain Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Benelux Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Walking Tractor Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Walking Tractor Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Walking Tractor Revenue by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Europe Walking Tractor Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Europe Walking Tractor Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Walking Tractor by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Walking Tractor Sales Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Walking Tractor by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Walking Tractor Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Walking Tractor by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Revenue Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Walking Tractor by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Walking Tractor by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Germany Walking Tractor Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Walking Tractor Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Walking Tractor Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Walking Tractor Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Walking Tractor Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Walking Tractor Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure France Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure France Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure France Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table France Walking Tractor Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Walking Tractor Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Walking Tractor Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Walking Tractor Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Walking Tractor Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table France Walking Tractor Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure UK Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure UK Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure UK Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table UK Walking Tractor Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Walking Tractor Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Walking Tractor Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Walking Tractor Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Walking Tractor Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Walking Tractor Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Russia Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Russia Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Russia Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Russia Walking Tractor Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Walking Tractor Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Walking Tractor Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Walking Tractor Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Walking Tractor Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Walking Tractor Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Italy Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Italy Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Italy Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Italy Walking Tractor Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Walking Tractor Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Walking Tractor Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Walking Tractor Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Walking Tractor Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Walking Tractor Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Spain Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Spain Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Spain Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Spain Walking Tractor Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Walking Tractor Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Walking Tractor Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Walking Tractor Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Walking Tractor Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Walking Tractor Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Benelux Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Benelux Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Benelux Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Benelux Walking Tractor Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Walking Tractor Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Walking Tractor Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Walking Tractor Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Walking Tractor Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Walking Tractor Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Walking Tractor Basic Information List
Table V.S.T Tillers Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure V.S.T Tillers Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table BCS America Basic Information List
Table BCS America Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table BCS America Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Ferrari Basic Information List
Table Ferrari Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Ferrari Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Earth Tools Basic Information List
Table Earth Tools Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Earth Tools Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Grillo spa Basic Information List
Table Grillo spa Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Grillo spa Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Kubota Basic Information List
Table Kubota Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Kubota Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Briggs & Stratton Basic Information List
Table Briggs & Stratton Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Briggs & Stratton Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Yancheng Yanhai Basic Information List
Table Yancheng Yanhai Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Yancheng Yanhai Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Indtec Elektro Control Basic Information List
Table Indtec Elektro Control Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Indtec Elektro Control Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Jinyee Basic Information List
Table Jinyee Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Jinyee Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Shifeng Basic Information List
Table Changlin Basic Information List
Table Sifang Basic Information List
Table Dongfeng farm Basic Information List
Table WEIFANG LANGPAK Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Walking Tractor
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Walking Tractor
Figure Walking Tractor Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Walking Tractor Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Walking Tractor
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Germany Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Germany Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure France Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure France Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure UK Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure UK Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Benelux Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Benelux Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)
Figure Picture of Walking Tractor
Table Classification of Walking Tractor
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Walking Tractor by Type in 2015
Figure Below 2.2KW Picture
Figure 2.2~4.5KW Picture
Figure 5~13KW Picture
Table Application of Walking Tractor
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Walking Tractor by Application in 2015
Figure Agricultural Machinery Traction Examples
Figure Agricultural Transportation Examples
Figure Germany Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure France Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure UK Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Russia Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Italy Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Spain Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Benelux Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Walking Tractor Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Walking Tractor Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Walking Tractor Revenue by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Europe Walking Tractor Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Europe Walking Tractor Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Walking Tractor by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Walking Tractor Sales Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Walking Tractor by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Walking Tractor Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Walking Tractor by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Revenue Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Walking Tractor by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Walking Tractor by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Germany Walking Tractor Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Walking Tractor Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Walking Tractor Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Walking Tractor Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Walking Tractor Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Walking Tractor Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure France Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure France Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure France Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table France Walking Tractor Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Walking Tractor Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Walking Tractor Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Walking Tractor Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Walking Tractor Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table France Walking Tractor Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure UK Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure UK Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure UK Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table UK Walking Tractor Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Walking Tractor Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Walking Tractor Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Walking Tractor Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Walking Tractor Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Walking Tractor Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Russia Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Russia Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Russia Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Russia Walking Tractor Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Walking Tractor Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Walking Tractor Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Walking Tractor Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Walking Tractor Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Walking Tractor Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Italy Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Italy Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Italy Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Italy Walking Tractor Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Walking Tractor Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Walking Tractor Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Walking Tractor Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Walking Tractor Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Walking Tractor Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Spain Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Spain Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Spain Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Spain Walking Tractor Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Walking Tractor Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Walking Tractor Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Walking Tractor Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Walking Tractor Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Walking Tractor Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Benelux Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Benelux Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Benelux Walking Tractor Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Benelux Walking Tractor Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Walking Tractor Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Walking Tractor Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Walking Tractor Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Walking Tractor Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Walking Tractor Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Walking Tractor Basic Information List
Table V.S.T Tillers Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure V.S.T Tillers Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table BCS America Basic Information List
Table BCS America Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table BCS America Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Ferrari Basic Information List
Table Ferrari Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Ferrari Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Earth Tools Basic Information List
Table Earth Tools Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Earth Tools Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Grillo spa Basic Information List
Table Grillo spa Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Grillo spa Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Kubota Basic Information List
Table Kubota Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Kubota Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Briggs & Stratton Basic Information List
Table Briggs & Stratton Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Briggs & Stratton Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Yancheng Yanhai Basic Information List
Table Yancheng Yanhai Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Yancheng Yanhai Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Indtec Elektro Control Basic Information List
Table Indtec Elektro Control Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Indtec Elektro Control Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Jinyee Basic Information List
Table Jinyee Walking Tractor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Jinyee Walking Tractor Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Shifeng Basic Information List
Table Changlin Basic Information List
Table Sifang Basic Information List
Table Dongfeng farm Basic Information List
Table WEIFANG LANGPAK Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Walking Tractor
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Walking Tractor
Figure Walking Tractor Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Walking Tractor Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Walking Tractor
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Germany Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Germany Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure France Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure France Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure UK Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure UK Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Benelux Walking Tractor Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Benelux Walking Tractor Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
Table Europe Walking Tractor Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)