[email protected] +44 20 8123 2220 (UK) +1 732 587 5005 (US) Contact Us | FAQ |

Europe Spin Welder Market Report 2016

December 2016 | 116 pages | ID: E8983EE5F0DEN
QYResearch

US$ 3,900.00

E-mail Delivery (PDF)

Download PDF Leaflet

Accepted cards
Wire Transfer
Checkout Later
Need Help? Ask a Question
Notes:

Sales, means the sales volume of Spin Welder

Revenue, means the sales value of Spin Welder

This report studies sales (consumption) of Spin Welder in Europe market, especially in Germany, UK, France, Russia, Italy, Benelux and Spain, focuses on top players in these countries, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each player in these Countries, covering
  • Branson (Emerson)
  • Dukane
  • KUKA
  • Sakae
  • Herrmann
  • Schuke
  • Hornwell
  • Frimo
  • Telsonic
  • Changchun CNC Machine Tool
  • YUAN YU Industrial
Market Segment by Countries, this report splits Europe into several key Countries, with sales (consumption), revenue, market share and growth rate of Spin Welder in these countries, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like
  • Germany
  • France
  • UK
  • Russia
  • Italy
  • Spain
  • Benelux
Split by product type, with sales, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into
  • Type I
  • Type II
  • Type III
Split by application, this report focuses on sales, market share and growth rate of Spin Welder in each application, can be divided into
  • Application 1
  • Application 2
  • Application 3
Europe Spin Welder Market Report 2016

1 SPIN WELDER OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Spin Welder
1.2 Classification of Spin Welder
  1.2.1 Type I
  1.2.2 Type II
  1.2.3 Type III
1.3 Application of Spin Welder
  1.3.1 Application
  1.3.2 Application
  1.3.3 Application
1.4 Spin Welder Market by Countries
  1.4.1 Germany Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.2 France Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.3 UK Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.4 Russia Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.5 Italy Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.6 Spain Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.7 Benelux Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.5 Europe Market Size (Value and Volume) of Spin Welder (2011-2021)
  1.5.1 Europe Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
  1.5.2 Europe Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

2 EUROPE SPIN WELDER BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION

2.1 Europe Spin Welder Market Competition by Manufacturers
  2.1.1 Europe Spin Welder Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
  2.1.2 Europe Spin Welder Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Europe Spin Welder (Volume and Value) by Type
  2.2.1 Europe Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
  2.2.2 Europe Spin Welder Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
2.3 Europe Spin Welder (Volume and Value) by Countries
  2.3.1 Europe Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
  2.3.2 Europe Spin Welder Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
2.4 Europe Spin Welder (Volume) by Application

3 GERMANY SPIN WELDER (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

3.1 Germany Spin Welder Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  3.1.1 Germany Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  3.1.2 Germany Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  3.1.3 Germany Spin Welder Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
3.2 Germany Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
3.3 Germany Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Type
3.4 Germany Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Application

4 FRANCE SPIN WELDER (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

4.1 France Spin Welder Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  4.1.1 France Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  4.1.2 France Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  4.1.4 France Spin Welder Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
4.2 France Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
4.3 France Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Type
4.4 France Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Application

5 UK SPIN WELDER (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

5.1 UK Spin Welder Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  5.1.1 UK Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  5.1.2 UK Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  5.1.5 UK Spin Welder Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
5.2 UK Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
5.3 UK Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Type
5.4 UK Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Application

6 RUSSIA SPIN WELDER (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

6.1 Russia Spin Welder Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  6.1.1 Russia Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  6.1.2 Russia Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  6.1.6 Russia Spin Welder Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
6.2 Russia Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Russia Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Russia Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Application

7 ITALY SPIN WELDER (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

7.1 Italy Spin Welder Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  7.1.1 Italy Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  7.1.2 Italy Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  7.1.7 Italy Spin Welder Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
7.2 Italy Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 Italy Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 Italy Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Application

8 SPAIN SPIN WELDER (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

8.1 Spain Spin Welder Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  8.1.1 Spain Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  8.1.2 Spain Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  8.1.8 Spain Spin Welder Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
8.2 Spain Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 Spain Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 Spain Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Application

9 BENELUX SPIN WELDER (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

9.1 Benelux Spin Welder Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  9.1.1 Benelux Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  9.1.2 Benelux Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  9.1.9 Benelux Spin Welder Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
9.2 Benelux Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Benelux Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Benelux Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Application

10 EUROPE SPIN WELDER MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS

10.1 Branson (Emerson)
  10.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.1.2 Spin Welder Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.1.2.1 Type I
    10.1.2.2 Type II
  10.1.3 Branson (Emerson) Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.2 Dukane
  10.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.2.2 Spin Welder Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.2.2.1 Type I
    10.2.2.2 Type II
  10.2.3 Dukane Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.3 KUKA
  10.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.3.2 Spin Welder Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.3.2.1 Type I
    10.3.2.2 Type II
  10.3.3 KUKA Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.4 Sakae
  10.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.4.2 Spin Welder Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.4.2.1 Type I
    10.4.2.2 Type II
  10.4.3 Sakae Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.5 Herrmann
  10.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.5.2 Spin Welder Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.5.2.1 Type I
    10.5.2.2 Type II
  10.5.3 Herrmann Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.6 Schuke
  10.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.6.2 Spin Welder Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.6.2.1 Type I
    10.6.2.2 Type II
  10.6.3 Schuke Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.7 Hornwell
  10.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.7.2 Spin Welder Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.7.2.1 Type I
    10.7.2.2 Type II
  10.7.3 Hornwell Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.8 Frimo
  10.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.8.2 Spin Welder Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.8.2.1 Type I
    10.8.2.2 Type II
  10.8.3 Frimo Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.9 Telsonic
  10.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.9.2 Spin Welder Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.9.2.1 Type I
    10.9.2.2 Type II
  10.9.3 Telsonic Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.10 Changchun CNC Machine Tool
  10.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.10.2 Spin Welder Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.10.2.1 Type I
    10.10.2.2 Type II
  10.10.3 Changchun CNC Machine Tool Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.11 YUAN YU Industrial

11 SPIN WELDER MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

11.1 Spin Welder Key Raw Materials Analysis
  11.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  11.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  11.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  11.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
11.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  11.2.1 Raw Materials
  11.2.2 Labor Cost
  11.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
11.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Spin Welder

12 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

12.1 Spin Welder Industrial Chain Analysis
12.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
12.3 Raw Materials Sources of Spin Welder Major Manufacturers in 2015
12.4 Downstream Buyers

13 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

13.1 Marketing Channel
  13.1.1 Direct Marketing
  13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
13.2 Market Positioning
  13.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  13.2.2 Brand Strategy
  13.2.3 Target Client
13.3 Distributors/Traders List

14 EUROPE SPIN WELDER MARKET FORECAST (2016-2021)

14.1 Germany Spin Welder Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.2 France Spin Welder Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.3 UK Spin Welder Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.4 Russia Spin Welder Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.5 Italy Spin Welder Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.6 Spain Spin Welder Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.7 Benelux Spin Welder Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.8 Europe Spin Welder Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
14.9 Europe Spin Welder Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)

15 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

16 APPENDIX

Disclosure Section
Research Methodology
Data Source
Disclaimer


The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Spin Welder
Table Classification of Spin Welder
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Spin Welder by Type in 2015
Figure Type I Picture
Figure Type II Picture
Table Application of Spin Welder
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Spin Welder by Application in 2015
Figure Application 1 Examples
Figure Application 2 Examples
Figure Germany Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure France Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure UK Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Russia Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Italy Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Spain Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Benelux Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Europe Spin Welder Sales of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Spin Welder Sales Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Spin Welder Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Spin Welder Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Spin Welder Revenue by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Spin Welder Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Europe Spin Welder Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Europe Spin Welder Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Spin Welder Sales Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Spin Welder by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Spin Welder Sales Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Spin Welder Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Spin Welder Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Spin Welder by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Spin Welder Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Spin Welder Sales Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Spin Welder by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Spin Welder Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Spin Welder Revenue Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Spin Welder by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Spin Welder Sales and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Table Europe Spin Welder Sales Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Spin Welder by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Spin Welder Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Germany Spin Welder Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Spin Welder Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Spin Welder Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Spin Welder Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Spin Welder Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Spin Welder Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure France Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure France Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure France Spin Welder Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table France Spin Welder Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Spin Welder Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Spin Welder Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Spin Welder Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Spin Welder Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table France Spin Welder Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure UK Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure UK Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure UK Spin Welder Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table UK Spin Welder Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Spin Welder Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Spin Welder Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Spin Welder Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Spin Welder Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Spin Welder Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Russia Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Russia Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Russia Spin Welder Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Russia Spin Welder Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Spin Welder Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Spin Welder Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Spin Welder Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Spin Welder Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Spin Welder Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Italy Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Italy Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Italy Spin Welder Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Italy Spin Welder Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Spin Welder Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Spin Welder Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Spin Welder Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Spin Welder Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Spin Welder Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Spain Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Spain Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Spain Spin Welder Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Spain Spin Welder Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Spin Welder Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Spin Welder Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Spin Welder Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Spin Welder Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Spin Welder Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Benelux Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Benelux Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Benelux Spin Welder Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Benelux Spin Welder Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Spin Welder Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Spin Welder Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Spin Welder Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Spin Welder Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Spin Welder Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Spin Welder Basic Information List
Table Branson (Emerson) Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Branson (Emerson) Spin Welder Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Dukane Basic Information List
Table Dukane Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Dukane Spin Welder Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table KUKA Basic Information List
Table KUKA Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table KUKA Spin Welder Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Sakae Basic Information List
Table Sakae Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Sakae Spin Welder Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Herrmann Basic Information List
Table Herrmann Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Herrmann Spin Welder Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Schuke Basic Information List
Table Schuke Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Schuke Spin Welder Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Hornwell Basic Information List
Table Hornwell Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Hornwell Spin Welder Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Frimo Basic Information List
Table Frimo Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Frimo Spin Welder Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Telsonic Basic Information List
Table Telsonic Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Telsonic Spin Welder Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Changchun CNC Machine Tool Basic Information List
Table Changchun CNC Machine Tool Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Changchun CNC Machine Tool Spin Welder Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table YUAN YU Industrial Basic Information List
Table YUAN YU Industrial Spin Welder Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table YUAN YU Industrial Spin Welder Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Spin Welder
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Spin Welder
Figure Spin Welder Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Spin Welder Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Spin Welder
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Germany Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Germany Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure France Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure France Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure UK Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure UK Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Benelux Spin Welder Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Benelux Spin Welder Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Table Europe Spin Welder Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
Table Europe Spin Welder Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)


More Publications