China Seam Welder Market Research Report 2018

March 2018 | 115 pages | ID: C02444F276CEN
QYResearch

Abstracts

The global Seam Welder market is valued at XX million USD in 2017 and is expected to reach XX million USD by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2017 and 2025.

China plays an important role in global market, with market size of xx million USD in 2017 and will be xx million USD in 2025, with a CAGR of xx%.

This report studies the Seam Welder development status and future trend in China, focuses on top players in China, also splits Seam Welder by type and by applications, to fully and deeply research and reveal the market general situation and future forecast.

The major players in China market include

• Getweld Co.,Ltd
• Kriton Weld Equipments Pvt Ltd
• Seedorff ACME
• Jetline Engineering
• Weldlogic
• Standard Resistance Welder Company
• LIND SA Automation
• Westermans International
• Miller Electric Mfg. LLC
• Emerson
• Electro Weld
• Bancroft Engineering
• Sciaky Electric Welding Machine
• AMET Inc
• Guangzhou DuroWelder Limited
• Da Jie Electricity Machinery Industrial Co., Ltd.
• KEJE Thermoweld Equipments Pvt. Ltd.
• Taylor Winfield
• Westken
• Mechelonic Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
• CMF Groupe

Geographically, this report splits the China market into six regions,

• South China
• East China
• Southwest China
• Northeast China
• North China
• Central China
• Northwest China

On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume (K Units), revenue (Million USD), product price (USD/Unit), market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• Manual
• Semi-Automatic
• Automatic

On the basis of the end users/application, this report covers

• Industrial
• Construction
• Others

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

China Seam Welder Market Research Report 2018

1 SEAM WELDER OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Seam Welder
1.2 Classification of Seam Welder by Product Category
  1.2.1 China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) Comparison by Type (2013-2025)
  1.2.2 China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) Market Share by Type in 2017
  1.2.3 Manual
  1.2.4 Semi-Automatic
  1.2.5 Automatic
1.3 China Seam Welder Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Market Share Comparison by Applications (2013-2025)
  1.3.2 Industrial
  1.3.3 Construction
  1.3.4 Others
1.4 China Seam Welder Market by Region
  1.4.1 China Seam Welder Market Size (Million USD) Comparison by Region (2013-2025)
  1.4.2 South China Seam Welder Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.3 East China Seam Welder Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.4 Southwest China Seam Welder Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.5 Northeast China Seam Welder Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.6 North China Seam Welder Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.7 Central China Seam Welder Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
1.5 China Market Size (Sales and Revenue) of Seam Welder (2013-2025)
  1.5.1 China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)
  1.5.2 China Seam Welder Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)

2 CHINA SEAM WELDER MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/MANUFACTURERS

2.1 China Seam Welder Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
2.2 China Seam Welder Revenue and Share by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
2.3 China Seam Welder Average Price (USD/Unit) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
2.4 China Seam Welder Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 China Seam Welder Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 China Seam Welder Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in China Market
2.5 China Players/Manufacturers Seam Welder Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Types

3 CHINA SEAM WELDER SALES AND REVENUE BY REGION (2013-2018)

3.1 China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
3.2 China Seam Welder Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
3.3 China Seam Welder Price (USD/Unit) by Regions (2013-2018)

4 CHINA SEAM WELDER SALES AND REVENUE BY TYPE/ PRODUCT CATEGORY (2013-2018)

4.1 China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Market Share by Type/ Product Category (2013-2018)
4.2 China Seam Welder Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
4.3 China Seam Welder Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2013-2018)
4.4 China Seam Welder Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2013-2018)

5 CHINA SEAM WELDER SALES BY APPLICATION (2013-2018)

5.1 China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
5.2 China Seam Welder Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 CHINA SEAM WELDER PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

6.1 Getweld Co.,Ltd
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 Seam Welder Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.1.2.1 Product A
    6.1.2.2 Product B
  6.1.3 Getweld Co.,Ltd Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 Kriton Weld Equipments Pvt Ltd
  6.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.2.2 Seam Welder Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.2.2.1 Product A
    6.2.2.2 Product B
  6.2.3 Kriton Weld Equipments Pvt Ltd Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 Seedorff ACME
  6.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.3.2 Seam Welder Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.3.2.1 Product A
    6.3.2.2 Product B
  6.3.3 Seedorff ACME Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 Jetline Engineering
  6.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.4.2 Seam Welder Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.4.2.1 Product A
    6.4.2.2 Product B
  6.4.3 Jetline Engineering Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 Weldlogic
  6.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.5.2 Seam Welder Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.5.2.1 Product A
    6.5.2.2 Product B
  6.5.3 Weldlogic Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 Standard Resistance Welder Company
  6.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.6.2 Seam Welder Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.6.2.1 Product A
    6.6.2.2 Product B
  6.6.3 Standard Resistance Welder Company Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 LIND SA Automation
  6.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.7.2 Seam Welder Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.7.2.1 Product A
    6.7.2.2 Product B
  6.7.3 LIND SA Automation Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 Westermans International
  6.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.8.2 Seam Welder Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.8.2.1 Product A
    6.8.2.2 Product B
  6.8.3 Westermans International Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 Miller Electric Mfg. LLC
  6.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.9.2 Seam Welder Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.9.2.1 Product A
    6.9.2.2 Product B
  6.9.3 Miller Electric Mfg. LLC Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.10 Emerson
  6.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.10.2 Seam Welder Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.10.2.1 Product A
    6.10.2.2 Product B
  6.10.3 Emerson Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.11 Electro Weld
6.12 Bancroft Engineering
6.13 Sciaky Electric Welding Machine
6.14 AMET Inc
6.15 Guangzhou DuroWelder Limited
6.16 Da Jie Electricity Machinery Industrial Co., Ltd.
6.17 KEJE Thermoweld Equipments Pvt. Ltd.
6.18 Taylor Winfield
6.19 Westken
6.20 Mechelonic Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
6.21 CMF Groupe

7 SEAM WELDER MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

7.1 Seam Welder Key Raw Materials Analysis
  7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  7.2.1 Raw Materials
  7.2.2 Labor Cost
  7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Seam Welder

8 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

8.1 Seam Welder Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Seam Welder Major Manufacturers in 2017
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

9.1 Marketing Channel
  9.1.1 Direct Marketing
  9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
  9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  9.2.2 Brand Strategy
  9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 CHINA SEAM WELDER MARKET SIZE (SALES AND REVENUE) FORECAST (2018-2025)

11.1 China Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD) Forecast (2018-2025)
11.2 China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
11.3 China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
11.4 China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) Forecast by Region (2018-2025)

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

13 METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCE

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
  13.2.1 Secondary Sources
  13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer
13.4 Author List

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Global and China Market Size (Million USD) Comparison (2013-2025)
Table Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Revenue (Million USD) Market Split by Product Type
Table Seam Welder Sales (K Units) by Application (2013-2025)
Figure Product Picture of Seam Welder
Table China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%) Comparison by Types (Product Category) (2013-2025)
Figure China Seam Welder Sales Volume Market Share by Types in 2017
Figure Manual Product Picture
Figure Semi-Automatic Product Picture
Figure Automatic Product Picture
Figure China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) Comparison by Application (2013-2025)
Figure China Sales Market Share (%) of Seam Welder by Application in 2017
Figure Industrial Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Industrial
Figure Construction Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Construction
Figure Others Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Others
Figure South China Seam Welder Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure East China Seam Welder Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure Southwest China Seam Welder Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure Northeast China Seam Welder Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure North China Seam Welder Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure Central China Seam Welder Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)
Figure China Seam Welder Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)
Table China Seam Welder Sales of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Table China Seam Welder Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 China Seam Welder Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 China Seam Welder Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table China Seam Welder Revenue by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Table China Seam Welder Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 China Seam Welder Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 China Seam Welder Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table China Market Seam Welder Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Figure China Market Seam Welder Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers in 2017
Figure China Seam Welder Market Share of Top 3 Players/Manufacturers
Figure China Seam Welder Market Share of Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
Table China Players/Manufacturers Seam Welder Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table China Players/Manufacturers Seam Welder Product Category
Table China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) by Regions (2013-2018)
Table China Seam Welder Sales Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure China Seam Welder Sales Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure China Seam Welder Sales Market Share (%) by Regions in 2017
Table China Seam Welder Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Table China Seam Welder Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure China Seam Welder Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure China Seam Welder Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions in 2017
Table China Seam Welder Price (USD/Unit) by Regions (2013-2018)
Table China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) by Type (2013-2018)
Table China Seam Welder Sales Share (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure China Seam Welder Sales Share (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure China Seam Welder Sales Market Share (%) by Type in 2017
Table China Seam Welder Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
Table China Seam Welder Revenue Market Share (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Seam Welder by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Seam Welder by Type in 2017
Table China Seam Welder Price (USD/Unit) by Types (2013-2018)
Figure China Seam Welder Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Table China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) by Applications (2013-2018)
Table China Seam Welder Sales Market Share (%) by Applications (2013-2018)
Figure China Seam Welder Sales Market Share (%) by Application (2013-2018)
Figure China Seam Welder Sales Market Share (%) by Application in 2017
Table China Seam Welder Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018)
Figure China Seam Welder Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018)
Table Getweld Co.,Ltd Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table Getweld Co.,Ltd Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Getweld Co.,Ltd Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Getweld Co.,Ltd Seam Welder Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Getweld Co.,Ltd Seam Welder Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Kriton Weld Equipments Pvt Ltd Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table Kriton Weld Equipments Pvt Ltd Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Kriton Weld Equipments Pvt Ltd Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Kriton Weld Equipments Pvt Ltd Seam Welder Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Kriton Weld Equipments Pvt Ltd Seam Welder Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Seedorff ACME Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table Seedorff ACME Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Seedorff ACME Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Seedorff ACME Seam Welder Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Seedorff ACME Seam Welder Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Jetline Engineering Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table Jetline Engineering Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Jetline Engineering Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Jetline Engineering Seam Welder Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Jetline Engineering Seam Welder Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Weldlogic Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table Weldlogic Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Weldlogic Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Weldlogic Seam Welder Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Weldlogic Seam Welder Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Standard Resistance Welder Company Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table Standard Resistance Welder Company Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Standard Resistance Welder Company Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Standard Resistance Welder Company Seam Welder Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Standard Resistance Welder Company Seam Welder Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table LIND SA Automation Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table LIND SA Automation Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure LIND SA Automation Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure LIND SA Automation Seam Welder Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure LIND SA Automation Seam Welder Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Westermans International Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table Westermans International Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Westermans International Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Westermans International Seam Welder Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Westermans International Seam Welder Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Miller Electric Mfg. LLC Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table Miller Electric Mfg. LLC Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Miller Electric Mfg. LLC Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Miller Electric Mfg. LLC Seam Welder Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Miller Electric Mfg. LLC Seam Welder Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Emerson Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table Emerson Seam Welder Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Emerson Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Emerson Seam Welder Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Emerson Seam Welder Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Electro Weld Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table Bancroft Engineering Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table Sciaky Electric Welding Machine Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table AMET Inc Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table Guangzhou DuroWelder Limited Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table Da Jie Electricity Machinery Industrial Co., Ltd. Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table KEJE Thermoweld Equipments Pvt. Ltd. Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table Taylor Winfield Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table Westken Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table Mechelonic Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table CMF Groupe Seam Welder Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Seam Welder
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Seam Welder
Figure Seam Welder Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Seam Welder Major Players/Manufacturers in 2017
Table Major Buyers of Seam Welder
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%) Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure China Seam Welder Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure China Seam Welder Price (USD/Unit) Trend Forecast (2018-2025)
Table China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure China Seam Welder Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Type in 2025
Table China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure China Seam Welder Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure China Seam Welder Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application in 2025
Table China Seam Welder Sales (K Units) Forecast by Regions (2018-2025)
Table China Seam Welder Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2018-2025)
Figure China Seam Welder Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2018-2025)
Figure China Seam Welder Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions in 2025
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources